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Neurologic Disease in HIV Infection

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Neurological Complications of Infectious Diseases

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Neurology ((CCNEU))

Abstract

First described in 1981, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), presents as a constellation of signs, symptoms, and opportunistic diseases reflecting the human immunodeficiency virus’s (HIV) infection, dysregulation, and destruction of immune cells involved primarly in the cellular immune response such as CD4+ T lymphocytes but also including members of the monocyte/macrophage lineage such as central nervous system (CNS) microglia. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defined AIDS as a CD4+ T-lymphocyte count below 200 cells/microliter and also identified a number of AIDS-defining conditions, both opportunistic diseases arising from a devastated cellular immune as well as conditions manifesting as a direct consequence of the immune dysregulation characteristic of HIV infection. The entire neuroaxis is susceptible to the HIV-related damage, and many AIDS-defining conditions manifest in the central nervous system (CNS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    Eric A. Goethe

  2. Rice University, Houston, TX, USA

    Naomi R. Kass

  3. Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    Joseph S. Kass

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  1. Eric A. Goethe
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  2. Naomi R. Kass
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  3. Joseph S. Kass
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Correspondence to Joseph S. Kass .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. UT Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA

    Rodrigo Hasbun, MD MPH

  2. Div of Infectious Dis, MCN A-2200, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA

    Karen C. Bloch, MD MPH

  3. Dept of Infectious Diseases, Apt 635, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Adarsh Bhimraj, MD

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Goethe, E.A., Kass, N.R., Kass, J.S. (2021). Neurologic Disease in HIV Infection. In: Hasbun, MD MPH, R., Bloch, MD MPH, K.C., Bhimraj, MD, A. (eds) Neurological Complications of Infectious Diseases. Current Clinical Neurology. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56084-3_9

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