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Pathophysiology of Reperfusion Injury

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Mechanisms of Vascular Disease

Abstract

Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury (IRI), which is often referred to as Reperfusion Injury is the tissue damage that occurs following the return of blood flow to ischaemic tissues. Whilst reperfusion is required for tissue/organ viability, the return of oxygen to the tissue induces a complex multi-factorial process involving oxidative stress and inflammatory changes.

IRI occurs in a wide range of organs and conditions, most significantly affecting the heart, lung, kidney, skeletal muscle and brain. When severe, IRI can also result in systemic damage to remote organs, potentially leading to multi-system organ failure.

This chapter will discuss the major pathophysiological processes involved in IRI, including generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation of cell membranes, nitric oxide expression, alteration of cytokine expression, activation of neutrophils and the endothelium, and the no-reflow phenomenon.

Despite extensive therapeutic studies in animal models, often with encouraging results, there is a paucity of therapies which have been translated into clinical practice.

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  1. Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, Australia

    Prue Cowled & Robert Fitridge

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    Robert Fitridge

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Cowled, P., Fitridge, R. (2020). Pathophysiology of Reperfusion Injury. In: Fitridge, R. (eds) Mechanisms of Vascular Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43683-4_18

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