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Sepsis and Septic Shock

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Mechanisms of Vascular Disease

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Abstract

Sepsis is a common, dangerous and complex syndrome. Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cascades interact with pathogenic virulence factors to drive broad-ranging dysregulation of cardiovascular, coagulation, neuronal, bioenergetic, endocrine and other systems. Unchecked, sepsis can culminate in cardiovascular collapse, multi-organ failure and death. The most common sources of sepsis in critically unwell patients are the respiratory tract, abdomen or urinary tract. Organisms are typically isolated in 50–70% of patients, most frequently gram-negative bacteria. Unfortunately, our improved understanding of the pathogenesis of sepsis has yielded limited therapeutic advances. Early source control, appropriate antimicrobial administration, physiologically rational modulation of the circulation and evidence-based organ support remain the cornerstones of management. Septic shock has a hospital mortality of 40%, a statistic under constant pressure from the ageing population, increased use of immunomodulatory medications and antimicrobial resistance.

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  1. Intensive Care Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital and Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Benjamin Reddi

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  1. Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Robert Fitridge

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Reddi, B. (2020). Sepsis and Septic Shock. In: Fitridge, R. (eds) Mechanisms of Vascular Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43683-4_17

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