Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Definitions and Basic Mechanism of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Coronary Artery Disease and The Evolution of Angioplasty Devices

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Materials ((BRIEFSMATERIALS))

Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) also known as coronary heart disease (CHD) is described as the pathologic process affecting the coronary arteries, while atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD or CVD for short) is referred to as the pathological process affecting the entire arterial circulation, not just the coronary arteries. This chapter defines CAD and CHD along with their atherosclerotic pathogenic pathway and all the factors associated with it. The progression of atherosclerosis and its clinical findings are explained at various stages together with a description of the time course of inflammation and atherosclerotic calcification.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Kloner RA, Jennings RB. Consequences of brief ischemia: stunning, preconditioning, and their clinical implications: part 1. Circulation. 2001;104(24):2981.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P. Braunwald’s heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Wilson PWF, O’Donnell CJ. Chapter 1 – Epidemiology of chronic coronary artery disease. In: Chronic coronary artery disease. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2018. p. 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kosiborod M, Arnold SV. Chapter 16 – Goals of therapy. In: de Lemos JA, Omland T, editors. Chronic coronary artery disease. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2018. p. 227–33.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Libby P, Ridker PM, Hansson GK. Progress and challenges in translating the biology of atherosclerosis. Nature. 2011;473(7347):317–25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hansson GK. Mechanisms of disease: inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(16):1685–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Spencer JH, Anderson SE, Lahm R, Iaizzo PA. The coronary vascular system and associated medical devices. In: Iaizzo PA, editor. Handbook of cardiac anatomy, physiology, and devices. Cham: Springer; 2015. p. 137–61.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Fortier A, Gullapalli V, Mirshams R. Review of biomechanical studies of arteries and their effect on stent performance. IJC Heart & Vessels. 2014;4:12–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Swirski FK, Libby P, Aikawa E, Alcaide P, Luscinskas FW, Weissleder R, et al. Ly-6C(hi) monocytes dominate hypercholesterolemia-associated monocytosis and give rise to macrophages in atheromata. J Clin Invest. 2006;117(1):195–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Chistiakov DA, Melnichenko AA, Myasoedova VA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN. Mechanisms of foam cell formation in atherosclerosis. J Mol Med. 2017;95(11):1153–65.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bobryshev YV. Monocyte recruitment and foam cell formation in atherosclerosis. Micron. 2006;37(3):208–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Bäck M, Hansson G. Chapter 4 – Basic mechanisms of atherosclerosis. In: de Lemos JA, Omland T, editors. Chronic coronary artery disease. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2018. p. 45–54.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. Borow KM, Nelson JR, Mason RP. Biologic plausibility, cellular effects, and molecular mechanisms of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 2015;242(1):357–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ma S, Fan L, Cao F. Combating cellular senescence by sirtuins: implications for atherosclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2019;1865(7):1822–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Kolodgie FD, Burke AP, Farb A, Gold HK, Yuan J, Narula J, et al. The thin-cap fibroatheroma: a type of vulnerable plaque: the major precursor lesion to acute coronary syndromes. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2001 Sep;16(5):285–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Anlamlert W, Lenbury Y, Bell J. Modeling fibrous cap formation in atherosclerotic plaque development: stability and oscillatory behavior. Adv Differ Equ. 2017;2017(1):195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lopes J, Adiguzel E, Gu S, Liu S, Hou G, Heximer S, et al. Type VIII collagen mediates vessel wall remodeling after arterial injury and fibrous cap formation in atherosclerosis. Am J Pathol. 2013;182(6):2241–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Finn AV, Nakano M, Narula J, Kolodgie FD, Virmani R. Concept of vulnerable/unstable plaque. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010;30(7):1282–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Yahagi K, Otsuka F, Sakakura K, Joner M, Virmani R. Native coronary artery and bypass graft atherosclerosis. In: Lanzer P, editor. PanVascular medicine. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer; 2015. p. 273–301.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Kyavar M, Alemzadeh-Ansari M. Chapter 35 – Stable ischemic heart disease. In: Maleki M, Alizadehasl A, Haghjoo M, editors. Practical cardiology. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2018. p. 591–630.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Alexopoulos N, Raggi P. Calcification in atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2009;6:681.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Quillard T, Croce KJ. Pathobiology and mechanisms of atherosclerosis. In: Aikawa E, editor. Cardiovascular imaging: arterial and aortic valve inflammation and calcification. Cham: Springer; 2015. p. 3–38.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Nakahara T, Strauss HW. From inflammation to calcification in atherosclerosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2017;44(5):858–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Weaver J. Insights into how calcium forms plaques in arteries pave the way for new treatments for heart disease. PLoS Biol. 2013;11(4):e1001533.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Cocker MS, McArdle B, Spence JD, Lum C, Hammond RR, Ongaro DC, et al. Imaging atherosclerosis with hybrid [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging: what leonardo da vinci could not see. J Nucl Cardiol. 2012;19(6):1211–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Albanese I, Khan K, Barratt B, Al Kindi H, Schwertani A. Atherosclerotic calcification: Wnt is the hint. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7:e007356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Sedehi D, Cigarroa JE. Chapter 6 – Precipitants of myocardial ischemia. In: de Lemos JA, Omland T, editors. Chronic coronary artery disease. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2018. p. 69–77.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  28. Hamm CW, Bassand JP, Agewall S, Bax J, Boersma E, Bueno H, et al. ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: the Task Force for the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2011 Dec;32(23):2999–3054.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Nikus K, Birnbaum Y, Eskola M, Sclarovsky S, Zhong-Qun Z, Pahlm O. Updated electrocardiographic classification of acute coronary syndromes. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2014;10(3):229–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, Casey J, Donald E, Ganiats TG, Holmes J, David R, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(24):e139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Weber C, Noels H. Atherosclerosis: current pathogenesis and therapeutic options. Nat Med. 2011;17(11):1410–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Sahoo KP, Thakkar KH, Lin W, Chang P, Lee M. On the design of an efficient cardiac health monitoring system through combined analysis of ECG and SCG signals. Sensors. 2018;18(2):E379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA

    Martin W. King, Tushar Bambharoliya, Harshini Ramakrishna & Fan Zhang

  2. College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China

    Martin W. King

Authors
  1. Martin W. King
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tushar Bambharoliya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Harshini Ramakrishna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Fan Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

King, M.W., Bambharoliya, T., Ramakrishna, H., Zhang, F. (2020). Definitions and Basic Mechanism of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). In: Coronary Artery Disease and The Evolution of Angioplasty Devices. SpringerBriefs in Materials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42443-5_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation