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Patterns and Processes of Diversification in Amazonian White Sand Ecosystems: Insights from Birds and Plants

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Neotropical Diversification: Patterns and Processes

Part of the book series: Fascinating Life Sciences ((FLS))

Abstract

White sand ecosystems (WSE) occur in nutrient-poor sandy soils patchily distributed throughout the lowlands of Amazonia. The diversification and current patterns of diversity of birds and plants specialized to the WSE were likely affected by abiotic conditions in very different ways relative to those in the upland Terra Firme forest, which has been more frequently studied over the years. Here, we review information on the geological origin of WSE substrates in Amazonia, and analyze current patterns of distribution of species and genetic diversity of plants and birds associated with these environments. Specifically, we analyze data on community composition to assess patterns of species diversity and turnover, and review and summarize published genetic data to unravel phylogenetic origins and phylogeographic patterns. Despite having lower species richness relative to other Amazonian ecosystems, the WSE present unique assemblages of species. The WSE are older than the Quaternary, yet their Pleistocene history has been dynamic, and the phylogenetic and population genetic patterns of the WSE taxa are consistent with this dynamism. The WSE were sensitive to Pleistocene climatic changes, likely undergoing lineage diversification and local extinctions. With increasing threats to Amazonian ecosystems, the low resilience of the WSE to disturbance needs to be factored into conservation management—particularly in the face of future climate change.

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Change history

  • 04 July 2020

    The original version of the book was inadvertently published with an incorrect fore name of the author in chapters 10 and 11 as C. Camila Ribas. The name has been now corrected as Camila C. Ribas

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Acknowledgements

Grants: FAPESP-FAPEAM (Edital 006/2009); “Dimensions US-Biota-São Paulo”, NSF (DEB 1241066)/NASA/FAPESP (grant #2012/50260-6); PEER/USAID (AID-OAA-A-11-00012); and Universal Amazonas (Edital FAPEAM 002/2018). Research fellowships: CNPq (308927/2016-8) to CCR. FAPEAM (Fixam Program, Edital 017/204) to SHB. SwB CAPES (11881-2013/5) to JMGC. Student fellowships from CNPq, CAPES and FAPEAM.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    J. M. G. Capurucho

  2. Life Sciences Section, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA

    J. M. G. Capurucho & J. M. Bates

  3. Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil

    S. H. Borges & C. Cornelius

  4. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil

    A. Vicentini, E. M. B. Prata, F. M. Costa, P. Campos & Camila C. Ribas

  5. Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    A. O. Sawakuchi, F. Rodrigues & A. Zular

  6. Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Zoologia, Belém, PA, Brazil

    A. Aleixo

Authors
  1. J. M. G. Capurucho
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  2. S. H. Borges
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  3. C. Cornelius
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  4. A. Vicentini
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  5. E. M. B. Prata
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  6. F. M. Costa
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  7. P. Campos
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  8. A. O. Sawakuchi
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  9. F. Rodrigues
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  10. A. Zular
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  11. A. Aleixo
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  12. J. M. Bates
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  13. Camila C. Ribas
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Paleoecology, Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain

    Valentí Rull

  2. Department of Biology, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA

    Ana Carolina Carnaval

1 Electronic Supplementary Material

Electronic Supplementary Material S1

Supplementary information (DOCX 20 kb)

Electronic Supplementary Material S2

Species per ecosystem (CSV 81 kb)

Electronic Supplementary Material S3

Sister groups WSE birds (XLSX 13 kb)

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Capurucho, J.M.G. et al. (2020). Patterns and Processes of Diversification in Amazonian White Sand Ecosystems: Insights from Birds and Plants. In: Rull, V., Carnaval, A. (eds) Neotropical Diversification: Patterns and Processes. Fascinating Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31167-4_11

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