Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Morphology of Semicrystalline Polymers

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Fundamental Polymer Science

Part of the book series: Graduate Texts in Physics ((GTP))

Abstract

The requirements for a polymer to form a semicrystalline structure on cooling are thoroughly discussed also in conjunction with the crystallinity concept and methods to assess crystallinity. The structural hierarchy of semicrystalline polymers ranging from the unit cell structure, the lamellar crystals and the superstructure are comprehensively treated including also an in-depth presentation of experimental methods. This presentation includes comprehensive discussions about chain folding, lamellar branching, lamellar twisting, relationship between lamellar structure and superstructure, dominant and subsidiary crystals, and the nature of the amorphous chains in semicrystalline polymers. The final sections present structure-property relationships of different semicrystalline polymers and tie chains and trapped entanglements and how their presence influences fracture toughness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abo el Maaty, M. I., & Bassett, D. C. (2001). Polymer, 42, 4957.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ashcraft, C. R., & Boyd, R. H. (1976). Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics, 14, 2153.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • ATHAS Data Bank (1994) can be found on internet: link.springer.com.

  • Baker, A. M. E., & Windle, A. H. (2001). Polymer, 42, 667.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balijepalli, S., & Rutledge, G. C. (2000). Computational and Theoretical Polymer Science, 10, 103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baltá-Calleja, F. J., & Vonk, C. G. (1989). X-ray scattering of synthetic polymers. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bank, M. I., & Krimm, S. (1970). Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters, 8, 143.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Barham, P. J., Chivers, R. A., Keller, A., Martinez-Salazar, J., & Organ, S. J. (1985). Journal of Materials Science, 20, 1625.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bark, M., Zachmann, H. G., Alamo, R., & Mandelkern, L. (1992). Makromolekulare Chemie, 193, 2363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bassett, D. C. (1968). Philosophical Magazine, 17, 145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bassett, D. C. (1981). Principles of polymer morphology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bassett, D. C., & Hodge, A. M. (1981). Proceedings. Royal Society of London, A377, 61.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bassett, D. C., & Turner, B. (1974). Philosophical Magazine, 29, 925.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bassett, D. C., Frank, F. C., & Keller, A. (1963a). Philosophical Magazine, 8, 1739.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bassett, D. C., Keller, A., & Mitsuhashi, S. (1963b). Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 1, 763.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bassett, D. C., Block, S., & Piermarini, G. J. (1974). Journal of Applied Physics, 45, 4146.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bassett, D. C., Hodge, A. M., & Olley, R. H. (1981). Proceedings. Royal Society of London, A377, 39.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bassett, D. C., Olley, R. H., & Al Raheil, I. A. M. (1988). Polymer, 29, 1539.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bassett, D. C., Olley, R. H., Sutton, S. J., & Vaughan, A. S. (1996a). Macromolecules, 29, 1852.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bassett, D. C., Olley, R. H., Sutton, S. J., & Vaughan, A. S. (1996b). Polymer, 37, 4993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bergmann, K. (1978). Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics, 16, 1611.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Blackadder, D. A., Keniry, J. S., & Richardson, M. J. (1972). Polymer, 13, 584.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blundell, D. J., Keller, A., & Kovacs, A. J. (1966). Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters 4, 481.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blundell, D. J., Keller, A., & Connor, T. (1967). Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics, 5, 991.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Blundell, D. J., & Keller, A. (1968). Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B, Physics, 2, 301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, R. H. (1979). Polymer Engineering and Science, 19, 1010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, R. H. (1985a). Polymer, 26, 323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, R. H. (1985b). Polymer, 26, 1123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, R. H., & Smith, G. D. (2007). Polymer dynamics and relaxation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bragg, W. L. (1914). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, A89, 248.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Brandrup, J., Immergut, E. H., & Grulke, E. A. (1999). Polymer handbook (4th ed.). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bravais, A. (1850). Journal de I’Ecole Polytechnique, 19, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R. G., & Eby, R. K. (1964). Journal of Applied Physics, 35, 1151.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, N., & Lu, X. (1995). Polymer, 36, 543.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brückner, S., & Meille, S. V. (1989). Nature, 340, 455.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bunn, C. W. (1939). Transactions of the Faraday Society, 35, 482.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bunn, C. W., & Alcock, T. C. (1945). Transactions of the Faraday Society, 41, 317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bunn, C. W., & de Daubeny, R. (1954). Transactions of the Faraday Society, 50, 1173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bunn, C. W., & Garner, E. V. (1947). Proceedings. Royal Society of London, A189, 39.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Busing, W. R. (1990). Macromolecules, 23, 4608.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Carazzolo, G. A., & Mammi, M. (1963). J. Polym. Sci., Part A, 1, 965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan, C. M., & Li, L. (2005). Advances in Polymer Science, 188, 1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chatani, Y., Ueda, Y. and Tadokoro H (1977) Annual Meeting of the Society of Polymer Science, Japan, Tokyo, Preprint, pp. 1326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chuah, H. H. (2002). Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics, 40, 1513.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, E. S. (2007). Unit cell information of some important polymers. In J. E. Mark (Ed.), Physical properties of polymers handbook. New York: Springer Science and Business Media.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coburn, J., & Boyd, R. H. (1986). Macromolecules, 19, 2238.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Conde Braña, M. T., & Gedde, U. W. (1992). Polymer, 33, 3123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conde Braña, M. T., Iragorri Sainz, J. I., & Gedde, U. W. (1989a). Polymer Bulletin, 22, 277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conde Braña, M. T., Iragorri Sainz, J. I., Terselius, B., & Gedde, U. W. (1989b). Polymer, 30, 410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crissman, J. M. (1975). Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics, 13, 1407.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Crissman, J. M., & Passaglia, E. (1971). Journal of Applied Physics, 42, 4636.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Crist, B., & Schultz, J. M. (2016). Progress in Polymer Science, 56, 1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, C. K. L., & Long, O. E. (1977). Journal of Materials Science, 12, 2165.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, G. T., Eby, R. K., & Colson, J. P. (1970). Journal of Applied Physics, 41, 4316.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • DesLauriers, P. J., & Rohlfing, D. C. (2009). Macromolecular Symposia, 282, 136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Di Lorenzo, M. L., & Righetti, M. C. (2018). Polymer Crystal, 1, e10023.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Di Lorenzo, M. L., Cocca, M., & Malinconico, M. (2011). Thermochimica Acta, 522, 110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, B. C., & Phillips, P. J. (1974). Polymer, 15, 351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erä, V. A. (1974). Makromolekulare Chemie, 175, 2191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, E. W. (1957). Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, 12a, 753.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, E. W., & Schmidt, G. F. (1962). Angewandte Chemie, 74, 551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flory, P. J. (1962). Journal of the American Chemical Society, 84, 2857.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flory, P. J., & Vrij, A. (1963). Journal of the American Chemical Society, 85, 3548.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frank, F. C., & Tosi, M. P. (1961). Proceedings. Royal Society of London, A263, 323.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gedde, U. W., & Jansson, J.-F. (1983). Polymer, 24, 1521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gedde, U. W., & Jansson, J.-F. (1984). Polymer, 25, 1263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gedde, U. W., & Mattozzi, A. (2004). Advances in Polymer Science, 169, 29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gedde, U. W., Eklund, S., & Jansson, J.-F. (1983). Polymer, 24, 1532.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gedde, U. W., Jansson, J.-F., Liljenström, G., Eklund, S., Wang, P.-L., Holding, S., & Werner, P.-E. (1988). Polymer Engineering and Science, 28, 1289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gedde, U. W., Hedenqvist, M. S., Hakkarainen, M., Das, O., & Nilsson, F. (2020a). Applied polymer science. Berlin and New York: Springer Nature. Chapter 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gedde, U. W., Hedenqvist, M. S., Hakkarainen, M., Das, O., & Nilsson, F. (2020b). Applied polymer science. Berlin and New York: Springer Nature. Chapter 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gedde, U. W., Hedenqvist, M. S., Hakkarainen, M., Das, O., & Nilsson, F. (2020c). Applied polymer science. Berlin and New York: Springer Nature. Chapter 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gedde, U. W., Hedenqvist, M. S., Hakkarainen, M., Das, O., & Nilsson, F. (2020d). Applied polymer science. Berlin and New York: Springer Nature; Chapters 1–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gedde, U. W., Hedenqvist, M. S., Hakkarainen, M., Das, O., & Nilsson, F. (2020e). Applied polymer science. Berlin and New York: Springer Nature. Chapter 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gedde, U. W., Hedenqvist, M. S., Hakkarainen, M., Das, O., & Nilsson, F. (2020f). Applied polymer science. Berlin and New York: Springer Nature. Chapter 6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gedde, U. W., Hedenqvist, M. S., Hakkarainen, M., Das, O., & Nilsson, F. (2020g). Applied polymer science. Berlin and New York: Springer Nature. Chapter 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geil, P. H. (1963). Polymer single crystals. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geil, P. H., Anderson, F. R., Wunderlich, B., & Arakawa, T. (1964). Journal of Polymer Science: Part A, 2, 3707.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, A. P. (1970). Thermochimica Acta, 1, 563.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, V. B., Sett, S. K., & Deorukhkar, D. D. (1989). Polymer Communication, 30, 341.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gustafsson, A., Conde Braña, M. T., & Gedde, U. W. (1991). Polymer, 32, 426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guttman, C. M., DiMarzio, E. A., & Hoffman, J. D. (1981). Polymer, 22, 1466.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henry, N. F. M., & Lonsdale, K. (1952). International tables for X-ray crystallography (Vol. I). Birmingham: Kynoch Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henry, N. F. M., & Lonsdale, K. (1959). International tables for X-ray crystallography (Vol. II). Birmingham: Kynoch Press.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Henry, N. F. M., & Lonsdale, K. (1962). International tables for X-ray crystallography (Vol. III). Birmingham: Kynoch Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hermann, K., Gerngross, O., & Abitz, W. (1930). Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie B, 10, 371.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hermans, P. H., & Weidinger, A. (1950). Journal of Polymer Science, 5, 565.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, M. J., Bradshaw, D. G., & Chevili, R. J. (1992). Polymer, 33, 874.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs, J. K., Hill, M. J., & Barham, P. J. (2000). Polymer, 41, 8761.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs, J., Farrance, O. E., & Kailas, L. (2009). Polymer, 50, 4281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoel, R. H. (1976). Ph. D. Thesis, Department of Physics, University of Bristol, Bristol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoff, M., & Pelzbauer, Z. (1992). Polymer, 33, 4158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, J. D., Frolen, L. J., Ross, G. S., & Lauritzen, J. I. (1975). J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. – A. Physical Chemistry, 79A, 671.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann, J. D., & Weeks, J. J. (1962). J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. Physical Chemistry, 66A, 13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hosemann, R. (1950a). Zeitschrift für Physik, 128, 1.

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Hosemann, R. (1950b). Zeitschrift für Physik, 128, 465.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hosemann, R. (1963). Journal of Applied Physics, 34, 25.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hosemann, R. (1982). Physica Scripta, T1, 142.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, Y.-L., & Brown, N. (1991). Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics, 29, 129.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Illers, K. H. (1973). Kolloid Zeitschrift & Zeitschrift fur Polymere, 251, 394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Illers, K. H., & Hendus, H. (1968). Makromolekulare Chemie, 113, 1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaccodine, R. (1955). Nature, 176, 305.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Jenckel, E., Teege, E., & Hinrichs, W. (1952). Kolloid Zeitschrift, 129, 19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalnins, M., Conde Braña, M. T., & Gedde, U. W. (1992). Polymer Testing, 11, 139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanig, G. (1973). Kolloid Zeitschrift & Zeitschrift fur Polymere, 251, 782.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kawai, T. (1965). Makromolekulare Chemie, 84, 290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kawai, T., & Keller, A. (1985). Philosophical Magazine, 11, 11651.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keith, H. D., & Padden, F. J., Jr. (1963). Journal of Applied Physics, 34, 2409.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Keith, H. D., & Padden, F. J., Jr. (1996). Macromolecules, 29, 7776.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Keller, A. (1955a). Journal of Polymer Science, 17, 291.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Keller, A. (1955b). Journal of Polymer Science, 17, 351.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Keller, A. (1957). Philosophical Magazine, 2, 1171.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Keller, A. (1959). Journal of Polymer Science, 39, 151.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Keller, A. (1962). Polymer, 3, 393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keller, A. (1967). Kolloid Z. Z. Polym., 219, 119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keller, A. (1991) Chain folded crystallization of polymers from discovery to present day: a personalized journey:’, in Sir Charles Frank FRS, OBE, An Eightieth Birthday Tribute, Ed. Chambers, R. G.; Adam Hilger, Bristol, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, A., & Machin, M. J. (1967). Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B: Physics, 1, 41.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Keller, A., & Priest, D. J. (1968). Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B: Physics, 2, 479.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Keller, A., Martuscelli, E., Priest, D. J., & Udagawa, Y. (1971). Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics, 9, 1807.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kholodovych, V., & Welsh, W. J. (2007). Densities of amorphous and crystalline polymers. In J. E. Mark (Ed.), Physical properties of polymers handbook (2nd ed., pp. 611–6117). New York: Springer Science and Business Media.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, J. M., Locker, R., & Rutledge, G. C. (2014). Macromolecules, 47, 2515.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kitamaru, R., Horii, F., & Hyon, S.-H. (1977). Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics, 15, 821.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kitamaru, R., Horii, F., & Murayama, K. (1986). Macromolecules, 19, 636.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ko, M. J., Waheed, N., Lavine, M. S., & Rutledge, G. C. (2004). The Journal of Chemical Physics, 121, 2823.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolesov, I., & Androsch, R. (2012). Polymer, 53, 4770.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, V., Locker, C. R., in’t Veld, P. J., & Rutledge, G. C. (2017). Macromolecules, 50, 1206.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kunugi, T., Shiratori, K., Vematsu, K., & Hashimoto, M. (1979). Polymer, 20, 171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lan, Y.-K., & Su, A.-C. (2010). Macromolecules, 43, 7908.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lan, Y.-K., & Su, A.-C. (2014). Polymer, 55, 3087.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lei, Y. G., Chan, C. M., Li, X. J. X., Ng, K. M., & Wang, Y. (2002). Macromolecules, 35, 6751.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindenmeyer, P. H. (1967). Journal of Polymer Science, Part C: Polymer Symposia, 20, 145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lotz, B., & Cheng, S. D. Z. (2005). Polymer, 46, 577.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lotz, B., Cheng, S. D. Z., & Li, C. Y. (2018). Macromolecules, 51, 5138.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Luo, C., & Sommer, J.-U. (2014). Physical Review Letters, 112, 195702.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mandelkern, L. (1985). Polymer Journal, 17, 337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mandelkern, L., Sharma, R. K., & Jackson, J. F. (1969). Macromolecules, 2, 644.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansfield, M., & Boyd, R. H. (1978). Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics, 16, 1227.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez-Salazar, F. J., & Baltá-Calleja, F. J. (1979). Journal of Crystal Growth, 48, 282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinez-Salazar, J., Barham, P. J., & Keller, A. (1985). Journal of Materials Science, 20, 1616.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto, K. (1976). Journal of the Society of the Textile Industry, Japan, 32, T365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattozzi, A., Serralunga, P., Hedenqvist, M. S., & Gedde, U. W. (2006). Polymer, 47, 5588.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mattozzi, A., Larsson, P. T., Hedenqvist, M. S., & Gedde, U. W. (2010). European Polymer Journal, 46, 381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maxfield, J., & Mandelkern, L. (1977). Macromolecules, 10, 1141.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehta, A., & Wunderlich, B. (1975). Colloid and Polymer Science, 253, 193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meissner, F. (1920). Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie, 110, 169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michaels, A. S., & Bixler, H. J. (1961). Journal of Polymer Science, 5, 413.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, R. L., Hill, M. J., Barham, P. J., van der Pol, A., Kip, B. J., Ottjes, R., & van Ruiten, J. (2001). Polymer, 42, 2121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moyassari, A., Mostafavi, H., Gkourmpis, T., Hedenqvist, M. S., & Gedde, U. W. (2015). Polymer, 72, 177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moyassari, A., Gkourmpis, T., Hedenqvist, M. S., & Gedde, U. W. (2019a). Polymer, 161, 139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moyassari, A., Gkourmpis, T., Hedenqvist, M. S., & Gedde, U. W. (2019b). Macromolecules, 52, 807.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Müller, A. (1928). Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 120, 437.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mutter, R., Stille, W., & Strobl, G. (1993). Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics, 31, 99.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Natta, G., & Corradini, P. (1960). Nuevo Cimento, Suppl 15, 40.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Neway, B., Hedenqvist, M. S., Mathot, V. B. F., & Gedde, U. W. (2001). Polymer, 42, 4307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neway, B., Hedenqvist, M. S., & Gedde, U. W. (2003). Polymer, 44, 4003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neway, B., Westberg, Ã…., Mattozzi, A., Hedenqvist, M. S., Giacinti Baschetti, M., Mathot, V. B. F., & Gedde, U. W. (2004). Polymer, 45, 3913.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson, F., Gedde, U. W., & Hedenqvist, M. S. (2009). European Polymer Journal, 45, 3409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson, F., Lan, X., Gkourmpis, T., Hedenqvist, M. S., & Gedde, U. W. (2012). Polymer, 53, 3594.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nisman, R., Smith, P., & Vancso, G. J. (1994). Langmuir, 10, 1667.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norton, D. R., & Keller, A. (1984). Journal of Materials Science, 19, 447.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Núñez, E., & Gedde, U. W. (2005). Polymer, 46, 5992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Núñez, E., Ferrando, C., Malmström, E., Claesson, H., & Gedde, U. W. (2004a). Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B Physics, 43, 1143.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Núñez, E., Ferrando, C., Malmström, E., Claesson, H., Werner, P.-E., & Gedde, U. W. (2004b). Polymer, 45, 5251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Núñez, E., Vancso, G. J., & Gedde, V. W. (2008). Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B: Physics, 47, 589.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olley, R. H., & Bassett, D. C. (1982). Polymer, 23, 1707.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olley, R. H., Hodge, A. M., & Bassett, D. C. (1979). Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics, 17, 627.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ooi, L.-L. (2010). Principles of X-ray crystallography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oregui, J., Vega, J. F., Martin, S., Cruz, V., Flores, A., Domingo, C., & Martinez-Salazar, J. F. (2007). Journal of Materials Science, 42, 1046.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Organ, S. J., & Keller, A. (1985). Journal of Materials Science, 20, 1602.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Organ, S. J., Ungar, G., & Keller, A. (1990). Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics, 28, 2365.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Organ, S. J., Hobbs, J. K., & Miles, M. J. (2004). Macromolecules, 37, 4562.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Owen, P. H. (1970). Crystallization in thin films of natural rubber. London: University of London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patel, G. N. (1980). Chemical methods in polymer physics. In B. Part & R. A. Fava (Eds.), Methods of experimental physics (Vol. 16). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patel, D., & Bassett, D. C. (2002). Polymer, 43, 3795.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, R., & Vancso, G. J. (1997). Macromolecules, 30, 5843.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, R., & Vancso, G. J. (1998). Polymer, 39, 1237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pennings, A. J., & Kiel, A. M. (1965). Kolloid Zeitschrift, 205, 160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petraccone, V., Allegra, G., & Corradini, P. (1972). J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett., 38, 419.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, P. J., Emerson, F. A., & MacKnight, W. J. (1970). Macromolecules, 3, 767.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, P. J., & Edwards, B. C. (1975). Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics, 13, 1819.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Platé, N. A., Kheu, T., & Shibaev, V. P. (1967). Journal of Polymer Science, Polymer Symposia, 16, 1133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Puffr, R., & Kubanek, V. (Eds.). (1991). Lactam-based polyamides. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pyda, M., Bopp, R. C., & Wunderlich, B. (2004). The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 36, 731.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quan, H., Li, Z.-M., Yang, M.-B., & Huang, R. (2005). Composites Science and Technology, 65, 999.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramos, J., Vega, J. F., & Martinez-Salazar, J. (2015). Macromolecules, 48, 5016.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramos, J., Vega, J. F., & Martinez-Salazar, J. (2018). European Polymer Journal, 99, 298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rego Lopez, J. M., & Gedde, U. W. (1988). Polymer, 29, 1037.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rego Lopez, J. M., Conde Braña, M. T., Terselius, B., & Gedde, U. W. (1988). Polymer, 29, 1045.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rie, E. (1923). Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, 103, 354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruland, W. (1961). Acta Crystallographica, 14, 1180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sadler, D. M., & Keller, A. (1979). Science, 203, 263.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakaguchi, F., Kitamaru, R., & Tsuji, W. (1967). J. Soc. Textile Ind., Japan, 23, 18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakaruda, I., Ito, T., & Nakamae, K. (1966). Journal of Polymer Science, C15, 236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawyer, L. C., & Grubb, D. T. (1996). Polymer microscopy (2nd ed.). London: Chapman & Hall.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Schonborn, H. (1964). Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 2, 465.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Schönherr, H., Vancso, G. J., & Argon, A. S. (1995). Polymer, 36, 2115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shauffele, R. F., & Shimanouchi, T. (1967). The Journal of Chemical Physics, 47, 3605.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Somani, R. H., Yang, L., Zhu, L., & Hsiao, B. S. (2005). Polymer, 46, 8587.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sommer, J.-U., & Luo, C. (2010). Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics, 48, 2222.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Spegt, P. (1970). Makromolekulare Chemie, 139, 139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spells, S. J., Keller, A., & Sadler, D. M. (1984). Polymer, 25, 749.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spruill, J. E., & Clark, E. S. (1980). Unit cell and crystallinity. In R. A. Fava (Ed.), Methods of experimental physics (Vol. 16, Part B). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Storks, K. H. (1938). Journal of the American Chemical Society, 60, 1753.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki, H., Grebowisz, J., & Wunderlich, B. (1985). British Polymer Journa, 17, 1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swan, P. R. (1962). Journal of Polymer Science, 56, 409.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tadokoro, H. (1979). Structure of crystalline polymers. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tadokoro, H., Yasumoto, T., Murahashi, S., & Nitta, I. (1960). Journal of Polymer Science, 44, 266.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Teare, P. W., & Holmes, D. R. (1957). Journal of Polymer Science, 24, 496.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Till, P. H. (1957). Journal of Polymer Science, 24, 30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toda, A. (1992). Colloid and Polymer Science, 270, 667.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toda, A., & Keller, A. (1993). Colloid and Polymer Science, 271, 328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toda, A., Okamura, M., Taguchi, K., Hikosaka, M., & Kajioka, M. (2008). Macromolecules, 41, 2484.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tränkner, T., Hedenqvist, M., & Gedde, U. W. (1994). Polymer Engineering and Science, 34, 1581.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trent, J. S., Scheinbeim, J. I., & Couchman, P. R. (1983). Macromolecules, 16, 589.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ungar, G., & Keller, A. (1987). Polymer, 27, 1835.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ungar, G., & Organ, S. J. (1990). Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics, 28, 2353.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ungar, G., Stejny, J., Keller, A., Bidd, I., & Whiting, M. C. (1985). Science, 229, 479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vega, J. F., Müller, A. J., & Marinez-Salazar, J. (2016). European Polymer Journal, 80. (Supplement C), 169, 169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vonk, C. G. (1973). Journal of Applied Crystallography, 6, 148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vonk, C. G., & Pijpers, A. P. (1985). Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics, 23, 2517.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, T. J., & Harrison, I. R. (1981). Polymer, 22, 1590.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weber, C. H. M., Ciche, A., Krausch, G., Rosenfeldt, S., Ballauf, M., Harnau, I., Göttker-Schnetmann, I., Tong, Q., & Mecking, S. (2007). Nano Letters, 7, 2024.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, T., Blundell, D. J., Keller, A., & Ward, I. M. (1968). Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics, 6, 1613.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Winram, M. M., Grubb, D. T., & Keller, A. (1978). Journal of Materials Science, 13, 791.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wittmann, J. C., & Lotz, B. (1985). Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics, 23, 205.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, A. E. (1989). Atlas of polymer morphology. Munich, Vienna and New York: C. Hanser Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wunderlich, B. (1973). Macromolecular physics, volume 1: Crystal structure, morphology, defects. New York and London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wunderlich, B. (1980). Macromolecular physics. In Crystal melting (Vol. 3). New York and London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wunderlich, B. (2003). Progress in Polymer Science, 28, 383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wunderlich, B., & Baur, H. (1970). Advances in Polymer Science, 7, 151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wunderlich, B., & Mehta, A. (1974). Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics, 12, 255.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wunderlich, B., Sullivan, P., Arakawa, T., DiCyan, A. B., & Flood, J. F. (1963). Journal of Polymer Science: Part A, 1, 3581.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wurm, A., Zharlev, E., Echstein, W., Jehnichen, D., Pospiech, D., Androsch, R., Wunderlich, B., & Schick, L. (2012). Macromolecules, 45, 3816.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeh, I. C., Andzelm, J. W., & Rutledge, C. G. (2015). Macromolecules, 48, 4228.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeh, I. C., Lenhart, J. L., Rutledge, C. G., & Andzelm, J. W. (2017). Macromolecules, 50, 1700.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yi, P., Locker, C. R., & Rutledge, G. C. (2013). Macromolecules, 46, 4723.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fibre and Polymer Technology School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

    Ulf W. Gedde & Mikael S. Hedenqvist

Authors
  1. Ulf W. Gedde
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mikael S. Hedenqvist
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gedde, U.W., Hedenqvist, M.S. (2019). Morphology of Semicrystalline Polymers. In: Fundamental Polymer Science. Graduate Texts in Physics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29794-7_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation