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HTLV-1: A View from the Rheumatologist

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Infections and the Rheumatic Diseases

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Abstract

The human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is part of the family of retroviruses. Its prevalence is higher in Japan, the Caribbean basin, and some parts of Africa, South America, and the Middle East. The transmission is dependent on the transfusion of non-leukocyte depleted contaminated blood products, vertical transmission (especially by breastfeeding), and sexual intercourse mainly from male to female. The majority of patients are asymptomatic carriers, but 4–9% of patients can be complicated by the appearance of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) or adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Also, there is an increasing amount of literature that relates HTLV-1 infection with other inflammatory disorders such as uveitis, arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome, dermatitis, thyroiditis, bronchiolitis-alveolitis-pneumonitis, myositis, nephritis, and hepatitis – cholangitis. However, there is no exact data regarding the prevalence or incidence of these manifestations or specific treatment for them.

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  1. Departamento de Immunología Clínica y Reumatología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Alejandro Fuentes & Paula I. Burgos

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    Luis R. Espinoza

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Fuentes, A., Burgos, P.I. (2019). HTLV-1: A View from the Rheumatologist. In: Espinoza, L. (eds) Infections and the Rheumatic Diseases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23311-2_16

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