Skip to main content

Bone Tumors

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Children's Orthopaedics and Fractures

Abstract

Bone tumors and tumor-like conditions are uncommon in childhood and adolescence. They are difficult to manage because of their variable nature and accurate diagnosis cannot always be based on imaging appearance alone. However, a specific combination of clinical, biological, and radiological signs may suggest and sometimes confirm whether they will behave in an aggressive, latent, or indeterminate manner. Sometimes the radiological signs are easily recognized and many lesions require neither biopsy nor treatment. For others, however, management by clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists working as a multidisciplinary team in a specialized unit is necessary. It is important to bear in mind that children and adolescents are not just small adults. The lesions which affect them, the way they behave biologically, and the way they should be treated can be radically different.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Cloth bound cover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Stiller CA, Craft AW, Corazziari I. Survival of children with bone sarcoma in Europe since 1978: results from the EUROCARE study. Eur J Cancer 2001; 37:760–766.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Tucker MA, D’Angio GJ, Boice JD Jr, et al. Bone sarcomas linked to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in children. N Engl J Med 1987; 317:588–593.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Fuchs B, Pritchard DJ. Etiology of osteosarcoma. Clin Orthop 2002; 397:40–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Hansen MF, Koufos A, Gallie BL, et al. Osteosarcoma and retinoblastoma: a shared chromosomal mechanism revealing recessive predisposition. Proc Nat Acad Sc USA 1985; 82:6216–6220.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Carnevale A, Lieberman E, Cardenas R. Li-Fraumeni syndrome in pediatric patients with soft tissue sarcoma or osteosarcoma. Arc Med Res 1997; 28:383–386.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hillmann A, Ozaki T, Winkelmann W. Familial occurrence of osteosarcoma: A case report and review of the literature. J Cancer Clin Oncol 2000; 126:497–502.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Hoffer FA, Nikanorov AY, Reddick WE, et al. Accuracy of MR imaging for detecting epiphyseal extension of osteosarcoma. Pediatr Radiol 2000; 30:289–298.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Leung JC, Dalinka MK. Magnetic resonance imaging in primary bone tumors. Semin Roentgenol 2000; 35:297–305.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Miller SL, Hoffer FA, Reddick WE, et al. Tumor volume or dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for prediction of clinical outcome of Ewing sarcoma family of tumors. Pediatr Radiol 2001; 31:518–523.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Onikul E, Fletcher BD, Parham DM, et al. Accuracy of MR imaging for estimating intraosseous extent of osteosarcoma. AJR 1996; 167:1211–1215.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Norton KI, Hermann G, Abdelwahab IF, et al. Epiphyseal involvement in osteosarcoma. Radiology 1991; 180:813–816.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Panuel M, Gentet JC, Scheiner C, et al. Physeal and epiphyseal extent of primary malignant bone tumors in childhood. Correlation of preoperative MRI and the pathologic examination. Pediatr Radiol 1993; 23:421–424.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Ghanem N, Uhl M, Brink I, et al. Diagnostic value of MRI in comparison to scintigraphy, PET, MS-CT and PET/CT for the detection of metastases of bone. Eur J Radiol 2005; 55:41–55.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Goo HW, Choi SH, Ghim T, et al. Whole-body MRI of pediatric malignant tumors: comparison with conventional oncological imaging methods. Pediatr Radiol 2005; 35:766–773.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Panicek DM, Gatsonis C, Rosenthal DI, et al. CT and MR imaging in the local staging of primary malignant musculoskeletal neoplasms: Report of the Radiology Diagnostic Oncology Group. Radiology 1997; 202:237–246.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Panicek DM, Schwartz LH. MR imaging after surgery for musculoskeletal neoplasm. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2002; 6:57–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Brisse H, Ollivier L, Edeline V, et al. Imaging of malignant tumors of the long bones in children: monitoring response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and preoperative assessment. Pediatr Radiol 2004; 34:595–605.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Hawkins DS, Schuetze SM, Butrynski JE, et al. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography predicts outcome for Ewing sarcoma family of tumors. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:8828–8834.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. McCarville MB, Christie R, Daw NC, et al. PET/CT in the evaluation of childhood sarcomas. AJR 2005; 184:1293–1304.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Friedrich JB, Moran SL, Bishop AT, et al. Free vascularized fibular graft salvage of complications of long-bone allograft after tumor reconstruction. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008; 90:93–100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Skrzynski MC, Biermann JS, Montag A, et al. Diagnostic accuracy and charge-savings of outpatient core needle biopsy compared with open biopsy of musculoskeletal tumors. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1996; 78:639–43.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Mitsuyoshi G, Naito N, Kawai A, et al. Accurate diagnosis of musculoskeletal lesions by core needle biopsy J Surg Oncol 2006; 94:1–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Kricun M. Imaging of bone tumors. Philadelphia PA: WB Saunders; 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Murphey MD, Flemming DJ, Boyea SR, et al. Enchondroma versus chondrosarcoma in the appendicular skeleton: differentiating features. Radiographics 1998; 18:1213–1237.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Unni KK, Dahlin DC. Dahlin’s bone tumors. General aspects and data on 11,087 cases, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincot–Raven; 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Crim JR, Mirra JM, Eckardt JJ, Seeger LL. Widespread inflammatory response to osteoblastoma: the flare phenomenon. Radiology 1990; 177:835–836.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Dicaprio MR, Enneking WF. Fibrous dysplasia, pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005; 87:1848–1864.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Azouz EM, Saigal G, Rodriguez MM, Podda A. Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis: pathology, imaging and treatment of skeletal involvement. Pediatr Radiol 2005; 35:103–115.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Bollini G, Jouve JL, Cottalorda J, et al. Aneurysmal bone cyst in children: analysis of twenty-seven patients. J Pediatr Orthop 1998; B 7:274–285.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Mankin HJ, Hornicek FJ, Ortiz-Cruz E. et al. Aneurysmal bone cyst: a review of 150 patients. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:6756–6762.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Tirode F, Laud-Duval K, Prieur A, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell features of Ewing tumors. Cancer Cell 2007; 11:421–429.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Dyke JP, Panicek DM, Healey JH, et al. Osteogenic and Ewing sarcomas: estimation of necrotic fraction during induction chemotherapy with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 2003; 228:271–278.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Enneking WF. A system of staging musculoskeletal neoplasms. Clin Orthop Rel Res 1986; 204:9–24.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Kawaguchi N, Matumoto S, Manabe J. New method of evaluating the surgical margin and safety margin for musculoskeletal sarcoma, analyzed on the basis of 457 surgical case. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1995; 121:555–563.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Agarwal M, Puri A, Anchan C, et al. Rotationplasty for bone tumors: is there still a role? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2007; 459:76–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Puri A, Agarwal M. Facilitating rotationplasty. J Surg Oncol 2007; 95:351–354.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Viehweger E, Gonzalez JF, Launay F, et al. Shoulder arthrodesis with vascularized fibular graft after tumor resection of the proximal humerus Rev Chir Orthop 2005; 91:523–529.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Marulanda GA, Henderson ER, Johnson DA, et al. Orthopedic surgery options for the treatment of primary osteosarcoma. Cancer Control 2008; 15:13–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Myers GJ, Abudu AT, Carter SR, et al. The long-term results of endoprosthetic replacement of the proximal tibia for bone tumors. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2007; 89:1632–1637.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. San-Julian M, Duart J, de Rada PD, Sierrasesumaga L. Limb salvage in Ewing’s sarcoma of the distal lower extremity. Foot Ankle Int 2008; 29:22–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Sim IW, Tse LF, Ek ET, et al. Salvaging the limb salvage: management of complications following endoprosthetic reconstruction for tumors around the knee. Eur J Surg Oncol 2007; 33:796–802.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Violas P, Kohler R, Mascard E, et al. Conservative surgical treatment of osteogenic sarcoma of the limb in children and adolescents. Rev Chir Orthop 2000; 86:675–683.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Masquelet AC, Fitoussi F, Begue T, Muller GP. Reconstruction of the long bones by the induced membrane and spongy autograft. Ann Chir Plast Esthet 2000; 45:346–353.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Sajadi KR, Heck RK, Neel MD, et al. The incidence and prognosis of osteosarcoma skip metastases. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2004; 426:92–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Arndt CA, Crist WM. Common musculoskeletal tumors of childhood and adolescence. N Engl J Med 1999; 341:342–352.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Bollini G, Kalifa C, Panuel M. Malignant bone tumors in children and adolescent. Arch Pediatr 2006; 13:669–671.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer-Verlag London Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bollini, G., Jouve, JL., Launay, F., Viehweger, E., Glard, Y., Panuel, M. (2010). Bone Tumors. In: Benson, M., Fixsen, J., Macnicol, M., Parsch, K. (eds) Children's Orthopaedics and Fractures. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-611-3_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-611-3_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-84882-610-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84882-611-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics