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Central Mineralocorticoid Receptors and Cardiovascular Disease

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Endocrine Hypertension

Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE))

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Abstract

This chapter briefly summarizes the history of the study of mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) in the CVO of the brain, hypothalamus, amygdala, and nucleus tractus solitarius, that modulate inflammatory response to injury and oxidative stress in the heart and vessels, as well as homeostatic control of the hemodynamic ­systems, including blood pressure, water and electrolyte balance, sodium appetite, and ­sympathetic drive to the heart and kidney. Unfortunately, much of our current knowledge is based on pathological functions. Though the currently available MR antagonists are valuable additions to the therapy for cardiovascular and renal ­disease, MR are expressed in specific neurons in other areas of the brain where they mediate diverse functions unrelated to the cardiovascular system, only some of which are well understood. The greatest expression of MR in the body is in the hippocampus where the receptors mediate trophic functions important to memory and cognition. Because of the crucial need to discover targets for the development of selective therapy for specific MR-mediated functions, the biology of the MR, transcriptional and non-transcriptional activity, and mechanisms conferring ligand specificity to aldosterone is also discussed.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Merit Review Medical Research funds from the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIH grants HL27255, HL27737 and HL75321. We are grateful to Dr. Eugen Melcescu who helped with the illustrations.

There are no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA

    Elise P. Gomez-Sanchez

  2. Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA

    Elise P. Gomez-Sanchez

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Correspondence to Elise P. Gomez-Sanchez .

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  1. Dept. Medicine, Div. Endocrinology, Diabetes &, University of Mississippi Medical Center, N. State Street 2500, Jackson, 39216, Mississippi, USA

    Christian A Koch

  2. UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, Division of Endocrinology, University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece

    George P Chrousos

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Gomez-Sanchez, E.P. (2013). Central Mineralocorticoid Receptors and Cardiovascular Disease. In: Koch, C., Chrousos, G. (eds) Endocrine Hypertension. Contemporary Endocrinology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-548-4_14

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