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Diabetes Insipidus

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Pediatric Endocrinology

Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE))

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Abstract

Diabetes insipidus is a syndrome of dysregulated free water balance resulting from vasopressin deficiency or insensitivity of the kidney to vasopressin action. In the absence of vasopressin-mediated urinary concentration, there is increased excretion (polyuria) of dilute urine. The loss of free water leads to increased thirst and water intake (polydipsia). If the thirst is not quenched, the progressive free water deficit leads to a hyperosmolar state characterized by plasma hypernatremia. Diabetes insipidus may be categorized as central (or neurogenic), when due to vasopressin deficiency, or nephrogenic, when the result of diminished renal responsiveness to the antidiuretic action of vasopressin. Central diabetes insipidus can be treated with vasopressin or vasopressin analogues such as desmopressin. Treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus typically depends upon reversal of the underlying cause, but pharmacological treatment may be partly successful.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Pavilion 2, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Abhinash Srivatsa M.D. & Frederick D. Grant M.D.

  2. Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Frederick D. Grant M.D.

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  1. Abhinash Srivatsa M.D.
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  2. Frederick D. Grant M.D.
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Correspondence to Frederick D. Grant M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, 21287, Maryland, USA

    Sally Radovick

  2. , Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Buffalo, 219 Bryant St., Buffalo, 14222, New York, USA

    Margaret H. MacGillivray

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Srivatsa, A., Grant, F.D. (2013). Diabetes Insipidus. In: Radovick, S., MacGillivray, M. (eds) Pediatric Endocrinology. Contemporary Endocrinology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-395-4_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-395-4_9

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