Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Decay of the Neutral Vacuum in Overcritical Fields

  • Chapter
Atomic Physics 4

Abstract

The solutions of the Dirac equation are well known. We learned in school, that, if coupled to the electromagnetic four-potential Aμ = {A,A0(r)} it reads

$$\left( {{r}_{\mu }}\left( {{p}_{\mu }}-\frac{e}{c}{{A}_{\mu }} \right)+m{{c}^{2}} \right)\psi =0.$$
(1)

This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,by the Bundesministerium f.Forschung und Technologie, and by the Gesèllschaft f.Schwerionenforschung (GSI).

Invited speaker at the 4th Int.Conf. on Atomic Physics, Heidelberg,July 1974.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. W. Pieper and W. Greiner, Z.Physik 218 (1969)327

    Google Scholar 

  2. B. Müller, J. Rafelski, and W.Greiner, Z.Physik 257(1972)82 and 163

    Google Scholar 

  3. U. Fano, Phys.Rev. 124 (1961) 1866

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. P.G. Reinhard, W. Greiner, and A. Arenhövel,Nucl.Phys.A166(1971)173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. J. Rafelski, B. Müller, and W. Greiner, Nucl.Phys.B68 (1974)585

    Google Scholar 

  6. B. Müller and J. Rafelski, On the Hartree-Fock Approximation in Quantum Electrodynamics, to be published

    Google Scholar 

  7. M. Guylassi, Thesis, Univ. of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley Lab.,1974

    Google Scholar 

  8. G. Soff, J. Rafelski, and W.Greiner, Phys.Rev. A7(1973)903

    Google Scholar 

  9. M. Born, Am.Inst. Henri Poincaré I. (1937) 155

    Google Scholar 

  10. L. Infeld and B. Hofmann, Phys.Rev.f1 (1937)765

    Google Scholar 

  11. J. Rafelski, B. Fulcher, and W. Greiner, Il Nuovo Cimento,Vol. 13B (1973)135

    Google Scholar 

  12. J. Waldeck, diploma thesis, Inst.f.Theoretische Physik der Univ. Frankfurt/Main, 1973

    Google Scholar 

  13. W. Scheid, J. Hofmann, and W. Greiner, Nuclear Shock Waves and Pionization of Matter, Berkeley Symposium on Physics with Relativistic Ions, July 1974

    Google Scholar 

  14. U. Mosel and W. Greiner, Z.Physik 217 (1968) 256

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. G. Grumann, U. Mosel, B. Fink, and W. Greiner, Z.Physik 228 (1969) 371

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. J. Grumann, T. Morovie, and W. Greiner, Z.Naturforschung 26a (1971) 643

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. A. Sobitcevsky, Proceedings of the Ronneby Conf., June 1974, see also contribution to the Int.Conf.on Nucl.Physics, Munich (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  18. The prediction of intermediate superheavy molecules in heavy ion collisions was made by the authors during the GSI-seminars 1969–1971 and first published in the article J.Rafelski, L. Fulcher, and W. Greiner, Phys.Rev.Lett. 27 (1971)958

    Google Scholar 

  19. W. Heitler, F. London, Z.Physik 44 (1927)455

    Google Scholar 

  20. E. Hylleraas, Z. Physik 71(1931)739

    Google Scholar 

  21. E. Teller, Z.Physik 61 (1930)458

    Google Scholar 

  22. K. Helfrich and H. Hartmann, Theoret.Chim. Acta 3 (1965)21

    Google Scholar 

  23. see e.g. F.T. Smith, Phys.Rev. 179 (1969) 111

    Google Scholar 

  24. S.K. Luke et.al., J.Chem. Phys. 50 (1969) 1644

    Google Scholar 

  25. B. Müller, J. Rafelski, and W. Greiner, Phys.Lett. 47B, No. 1 (1973) 5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. B. Müller and W. Greiner, The Two Center Dirac Equation,preprint, Inst.f.Theor.Physik der Univ.Frankfurt/ Main, to be published

    Google Scholar 

  27. W.E. Meyerhof, F.K. Saylor, S.M. Lazarus, W.A. Little, and B.B. Triplett, Phys.Rev.Lett. 30 (1973) 1279

    Google Scholar 

  28. W.E. Meyerhof, F.K. Saylor, S.M. Lazarus, W.A. Little, and B.B. Triplett, Phys.Rev.Lett.32(1974)502

    Google Scholar 

  29. J.S. Greenberg, C.K. Davies, and P. Vincent, Phys.Rev.Lett. 32 (1974) 1215

    Google Scholar 

  30. P. Mokler, H.K. Stein, and P. Armbruster, Phys.Rev.Lett. 29 (1972) 827

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. D. Burch,W.B.Ingalls, H.Wieman, R. Vanderbosch, preprints,Univ. of Washington, Seattle (1973/74)

    Google Scholar 

  32. B. Fricke, W. Greiner, and J.T. Weber, Thor.Chimica Acta 21(1971) 235; G.Soff and B. Fricke, GSI-report T 1–74 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  33. K. Smith, B.Müller, and W. Greiner, J.Phys.B. in print

    Google Scholar 

  34. K. Smith, H. Peitz, B. Müller, and W. Greiner, Phys.Rev.Lett. 32(1974)554

    Google Scholar 

  35. F.W. Saris, W.F. van der Weg, H. Tawara, and W.A. Laubert, Phys. Rev.Lett. 28(1972)717

    Google Scholar 

  36. G. Presser, K.O. Groeneveld, and B. Knaf, Contribut.to the 4th Int. Conf.Atomic Physics, Heidelberg, July 1974, Abstracts, p. 621

    Google Scholar 

  37. J. Rafelski, B. Müller, and W. Greiner, Lett.il Nuovo Cim. 11 (1972) 469

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. B. Müller, K. Smith, and W. Greiner, Phys.Lett. 49B (1974) 219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. B. Müller and W. Greiner, Phys.Rev.Lett. 33 (1974) 469

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. J. Greenberg, C.K. Davies, and P. Vincent, Phys.Rev.Lett. 33 (1974) 473

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. J. Greenberg, C.K. Davies,B. Müller, and W. Greiner, Proc.of the Int.Conf. on Interactions between Nuclei, Nashville,Tenn. June 1974

    Google Scholar 

  42. H. Tetrode, Ann. Physik 50 (1928)336

    Google Scholar 

  43. J. Reinhardt et.al., Multipole bremsstrahlung in heavy ion collisions, Inst.f.Theoretische Physik der Univ.Frankfurt/M.,March 1974

    Google Scholar 

  44. Note that the expression for the time-dependence width and similar ones for the cross sections show rainbow effects due to the time dependence of the matrix elements, of wmn(t) and r(t) itself. Since these interference effects show up where the phase difference between contributions from approaching and separating ions along the scattering path are largest, they should occur most pronounced for low energetic transitions.

    Google Scholar 

  45. K. Smith, B. Müller, and W. Greiner, Coherent effects in X-rays from intermediate molecular systems, preprint, Inst.f.,Theor.Physik der Univ. Frankfurt/Main, July 1974

    Google Scholar 

  46. We acknowledge the help of W. Betz in the calculations of the level diagrams.

    Google Scholar 

  47. U. Fano and W. Lichten, Phys.Rev.Lett. 14(1965)627

    Google Scholar 

  48. H. Peitz, B. Müller,J. Rafelski, and W. Greiner, Lett.Nuov.Cim.8 (1973)37

    Google Scholar 

  49. P. Mokler et.al.,Inv.Paper at the 4th Int.Conf.on Atomic Physics, Heidelberg,July 1974, and Phys.Rev.Lett.33(1974)476

    Google Scholar 

  50. K.O. Groeneveld and B. Knaf, Inst.f.Kernphysik der Univ.Frankfurt/M., private communication

    Google Scholar 

  51. W.F. Meyerhof et.al., Contr. to the 4th Int.Atomic Physics Conf., Heidelberg, July 197)4, Abstracts, p. 625, 629,and 633

    Google Scholar 

  52. D. Burch, V. Vandenbosch et.al. ,preprint Univ.of Wash,Seattle(1974)

    Google Scholar 

  53. H.E. Gove, F.C. Jundt, and H. Kubo, preprint Univ.Rochester,Spring 1974

    Google Scholar 

  54. J. Wolf, diploma thesis, Inst.f.Theor.Physik der Univ.Frankfurt/M., June 1974

    Google Scholar 

  55. J. Rafelski and A. Klein, Instabilities of Matter in Strong External Fields and at High Density, Center for Theoretical Studies, Miami, F1a.,Jan 1974

    Google Scholar 

  56. See also W. Scheid, J. Hofmann, and W. Greiner, Nuclear Shock Waves and Pionization of Matter, Symp. on Physics with Relativistic Heavy Ions, Berkeley, July 1974

    Google Scholar 

  57. J. Goldstone, Nuov.Cim. 19(1961)154

    Google Scholar 

  58. P.W. Higgs, Phys.Rev. 145 (1966) 2156

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. S. Weinberg, Phys.Rev.Lett. 29(1972)388

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. S. Weinberg, Phys.Rev. D8(1973)4482

    ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt/M., Ger.

    Berndt Müller, R. K. Smith & Walter Greiner

Authors
  1. Berndt Müller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. K. Smith
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Walter Greiner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Physics Institute, University of Heidelberg, Germany

    G. zu Putlitz (Conference Chairman), E. W. Weber  & A. Winnacker (Conference Chairman),  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1975 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Müller, B., Smith, R.K., Greiner, W. (1975). The Decay of the Neutral Vacuum in Overcritical Fields. In: zu Putlitz, G., Weber, E.W., Winnacker, A. (eds) Atomic Physics 4. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2964-0_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2964-0_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-2966-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-2964-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation