Abstract
The name transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) has come to represent a family of highly homologous polypeptides with a wide range of biological activities. The first member of this gene family was identified nearly a decade ago as one of two essential factors, called TGF-α and TGF-ß present in the conditioned medium of a murine sarcoma virus-transformed cell line, which together stimulated the anchorage-independent growth of non-transformed fibroblast cell lines [1]. Several members of the TGF-ß family have since been identified, of which TGF-ßl, ß2, and ß3 are produced by mammalian cells. These three forms of TGF-ß have similar biological activities in the majority of assay systems, though differences in relative potency are sometimes evident. For simplicity, we will use the name TGF-ß to refer to the TGF-ß family as a whole, unless otherwise specified. It should, however, be pointed out that most studies have evaluated only the biological activities of TGF-ßl. Finally, a number of proteins have been identified that exhibit structural similarities to TGF-ß, though with a more distant relationship than the individual TGF-ß isoforms. Together with TGF-ß, they constitute the TGF-ß superfamily. As yet little is known about the effects of these factors on cell proliferation, and they will not be discussed here.
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Arrick, B.A., Derynck, R. (1993). Growth regulation by transforming growth factor-β. In: Benz, C.C., Liu, E.T. (eds) Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes in Human Malignancies. Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 63. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3088-6_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3088-6_12
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