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Oxidative Stress in Rheumatoid Arthritis

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Studies on Arthritis and Joint Disorders

Abstract

Redox imbalance has long been recognised to be a factor in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis. There is increasing evidence that reactive species of oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur play biphasic roles in inflammation and may have disease aggravating or ameliorating effects, depending on the dose, tissue compartment and disease phase. A promising target both for therapeutic purposes and as disease markers is the thioredoxin family of redox enzymes, including thioredoxins, thioredoxin reductases and peroxiredoxins. Through its cytokine-like properties, thioredoxin has been proposed to be pro-inflammatory in rheumatoid arthritis. Yet, administration of recombinant thioredoxin appears to ameliorate the disease. We demonstrated recently that protein levels of peroxiredoxin 2 are increased in peripheral blood lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis compared with healthy subjects. Therapeutically targeting peroxiredoxins in rheumatoid arthritis provides a new avenue for biomedical research.

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Abbreviations

GSH:

Glutathione

GSSG:

Glutathione disulphide

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

HOCl:

Hypochlorous acid

IL:

Interleukin

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa-B

•NO:

Nitric oxide

NOS:

NO synthase enzyme

1O2 :

Singlet oxygen

1O2 •− :

Superoxide

•OH:

Hydroxyl radical

ONOO− :

Peroxynitrite

oxLDL:

Oxidised low-density lipoprotein

Prdx:

Peroxiredoxin

RA:

Rheumatoid arthritis

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

ROO• :

Peroxyl radical

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RSS:

Reactive sulphur species

SNO-MBL:

S-nitrosated mannose binding lectin

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TNF:

Tumour necrosis factor

Trx:

Thioredoxin

2D-PAGE:

2-Dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge grants from the European Union FP7 Marie Curie ITN programme (no. 215009) and the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA; Grant No NK84043). Many thanks to Dr Joanna Mary Tarr for providing Fig. 8.1 and to Dr Tamás Géza Szabó for useful discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

    Katalin É. Szabó-Taylor

  2. Department of Genetics and Rheumatology, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

    György Nagy

  3. Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, St Luke’s Campus, Exeter, UK

    Paul Eggleton & Paul G. Winyard

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  1. Katalin É. Szabó-Taylor
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  2. György Nagy
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  3. Paul Eggleton
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  4. Paul G. Winyard
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Correspondence to Paul G. Winyard .

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  1. Fac Farmacia, Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Av Vicent Andres Estelles S/n Burjasot, Valencia, 46100, Spain

    Maria Jose Alcaraz

  2. , NEIRID Lab, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Trav. Choupana sn, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain

    Oreste Gualillo

  3. Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Rheumatology Division, Autonoma University, Avda Reyes Católicos 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain

    Olga Sánchez-Pernaute

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Szabó-Taylor, K.É., Nagy, G., Eggleton, P., Winyard, P.G. (2013). Oxidative Stress in Rheumatoid Arthritis. In: Alcaraz, M., Gualillo, O., Sánchez-Pernaute, O. (eds) Studies on Arthritis and Joint Disorders. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6166-1_8

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