Abstract
Hydrophytes, or wetland plants, are the most conspicuous and perhaps most colorful element of wetland systems. In the mid-Atlantic region, hydrophytes have been the focus of many studies, resulting in a wealth of information on wetland classification, vegetation stressors, and plant-based assessment tools. For example, exploration of the relationship between hydrophytes and the physical aspects of wetlands has led to a new hydrogeomorphic classification of headwater systems that combines three previously distinct classes. Studies of stressors have shown that plants respond differentially to human-mediated disturbances in the surrounding landscape. Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), a native but highly invasive wetland grass in regional wetlands, exhibits increased establishment, growth, and biomass in response to nutrient additions, and surprisingly, in some instances, to increased sedimentation, while blue vervain (Verbena hastata), a denizen of freshwater wetland habitats, is intolerant of increased sediment loading. Hydrophtyes have also served as the foundation for some of the most powerful wetland assessment tools in the region. Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA) and biotic indices have been developed by a number of states within the region and in the case of FQA, for the region as a whole. This chapter examines the role of hydrophytes in these studies, as well as spotlights invasive and special status wetland species found in wetland habitats in the region.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adamus PR, Danielson TJ, Gonyaw A (2001) Indicators for monitoring biological integrity of inland, freshwater wetlands: a survey of North American technical literature (1990–2000). EPA-843-R-01, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC
Alix MS, Scribailo RW (1998) Aquatic plant species diversity and floristic quality assessment of Saugany Lake, Indiana. Proc Indiana Acad Sci 107:123–139
Anderson RC, Dhillion SS, Kelley TM (1996) Aspects of the ecology of an invasive plant, garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), in central Illinois. Restor Ecol 4(2):181–191
Andreas BK, Lichvar RW (1995) Floristic index for establishing assessment standards: a case study for Northern Ohio. Technical report WRP-DE-8, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, Washington, DC
Ash HB (ed. and transl.) (1941) Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella: On Agriculture I–IV. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (us)
Atkinson RB, Perry JE, Smith E, Cairns J Jr (1993) Use of created wetland delineation and weighted averages as a component of assessment. Wetlands 13:185–193
Balcombe CK, Anderson JT, Fortney RH, Rentch JS, Grafton WN, Kordek WS (2005) A comparison of plant communities in mitigation and reference wetlands in the mid-Appalachians. Wetlands 25:130–145
Barnes WJ (1999) The rapid growth of a population of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and its impact on some riverbottom herbs. J Torrey Bot Soc 126:133–138
Beatty GH, Henderson H, Keener C, Gruver R (2002) Vascular plants of Centre County, Pennsylvania and their coefficients of conservatism: plants of Upper Penns Creek watershed, documented and probable plus appendix. Copyright © 2002 by Beatty, Henderson, Keener, directors; Gruver, producer. Used with permission by C. Keener
Bedford BL (1996) The need to define hydrologic equivalence at the landscape scale for freshwater wetland mitigation. Ecol Appl 6:57–68
Bernthal TW (2003) Development of a floristic quality assessment methodology for Wisconsin. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Integrated Science Services PUB-SS-986 2003, Madison, WI
Bigler RJ, Richardson JL (1984) Classification of soils in prairie pothole wetlands with deep marsh plant species in North Dakota. Soil Surv Horiz 25:16–24
Billings WD (1952) The environmental complex in relation to plant growth and distribution. Q Rev Biol 27:251–265
Bowman’s Hill Wildflower Preserve (2009) Plant Stewardship Index. Retrieved from http://www.bhwp.org/psi/index.html
Braun EL (1950) Deciduous forests of eastern North America. Hafner Publishing Company, New York, NY
Bried JT, Stout KL, Portante T (2012) Coefficients of conservatism for the vascular flora of New York and New England: Inter-state comparisons and expert opinion bias. Northeastern Naturalist 19(special issue 6):101–114
Brinson MM (1993) A hydrogeomorphic classification for wetlands. Technical report WRP-DE-4. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, Washington, DC, 79pp+app
Brooks RR (1979) Indicator plants for mineral prospecting: a critique. J Geochem Explor 12:67–78
Brooks RP, Wardrop DH, Perot JK (1999) Development and application of assessment protocols for determining the ecological condition of wetlands in the Juniata River watershed. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Western Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, EPA/600/R-98/181, Corvallis, OR
Brooks RM, McKenney-Easterling M, Brinson R, Rheinhardt K, Havens D, O’Brian J, Bishop J, Rubbo J, Armstrong B, Hite J (2009) A Stream-Wetland-Riparian (SWR) index for assessing condition of aquatic ecosystems in small watersheds along the Atlantic slope of the eastern U.S. Environ Monit Assess 150:101–117. doi:10.1007/s10661-008-0673-z
Burke MJW, Grime JP (1996) An experimental study of plant community invasibility. Ecology 77:776–790
Byers EA, Vanderhorst JP, Streets BP (2007) Classification and conservation assessment of high elevation wetland communities in the Allegheny Mountains of West Virginia. West Virginia Natural Heritage Program. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, Elkins, WV
Cannon HL (1971) The use of plant indicators in ground water surveys, geologic mapping and mineral prospecting. Taxon 20(2/3):227–256
Chamberlain SJ, Ingram HM (in press) Developing coefficients of conservatism to advance floristic quality assessment in the mid-Atlantic region (MAR). J Torrey Bot Soc
Chapin III FS (1991) Integrated responses of plants to stress. Bioscience 41:29–36
Chapin FS III, Bloom AJ, Field CB, Waring RH (1987) Plant responses to multiple environmental factors. Bioscience 37(1):49–57
Chesapeake Bay Program Office (2004) Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed: a regional management plan. Chesapeake Research Consortium, Chesapeake Bay Program Office
Connell JH (1983) On the prevalence and relative importance of interspecific competition: evidence from field experiments. Am Nat 122:661–696
Cook CDK (1993) Origin, autecology, and spread of some of the world’s most troublesome aquatic weeks. In: Pieterse AH, Murphy K (eds) Aquatic weeds: the ecology and management of nuisance aquatic vegetation. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Cowardin LM, Carter V, Golet FC, LaRoe ET (1979) Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, FWS/OBS-79/31. Washington, DC, 131pp
Craft CB, Richardson CJ (1998) Recent and long-term organic soil accretion and nutrient accumulation in the Everglades. Soil Sci Soc Am J 62:834–843
Cronk JK, Fennessy MS (2001) Wetland plants: biology and ecology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 440pp
D’Antonio CM (1993) Mechanisms controlling invasion of coastal plant communities by the alien succulent Carpobrotus edulis. Ecology 74(1):83–95
DeBerry DA (2006) Floristic Quality Index: ecological and management implications in created and natural wetlands. PhD dissertation, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA
DeBerry DA, Perry JE (2004) Primary succession in a created freshwater wetland. Castanea 63:185–193
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (2008) Delaware comprehensive assessment procedure: coastal plain region V 5.1. Available at http://www.wr.dnrec.delaware.gov/Information/OtherInfo/Pages/WetlandMonitoringandAssessment.aspx
Dittmar LA, Neely RK (1999) Wetland seed bank response to sedimentation varying in loading rate and texture. Wetlands 19(2):341–351
Drohan PJ, Ross CN, Anderson JT, Fortney RH, Rentch JS (2006) Soil and hydrological drivers of Typha latifolia encroachment in a marl wetland. Wetlands Ecol Manage 14:107–122
Ehrenfeld JG (2005) Vegetation of forested wetlands in urban and suburban landscapes in New Jersey. J Torrey Bot Soc 132(2):262–279
Ewel KC (1984) Effects of fire and wastewater on understory vegetation in cypress domes. In: Ewel KC, Odum HT (eds) Cypress swamps. University Presses of Florida, Gainesville, FL
Faber-Langendoen D, Masters L, Nichols J, Snow K, Tomaino A, Bittman R, Hammerson G, Heidel B, Ramsay L, Young B (2009) NatureServe conservation status assessments: methodology for assigning ranks. NatureServe, Arlington, VA
Fennessy MS, Elifritz B, Lopez R (1998) Testing the floristic quality assessment index as an indicator of riparian wetland disturbance. Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Technical Bulletin, Division of Surface Water, Wetlands Ecology Unit, Columbus, OH
Fike J (1999) Terrestrial and palustrine plant communities of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Forestry, Harrisburg, PA
Fowler N (1986) The role of competition in plant communities in arid and semiarid regions. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 17:89–110
Galatowitsch SM, Anderson NO, Ascher PD (1999) Invasiveness in wetland plants in temperate North America. Wetlands 19:733–755
Goldberg DE, Miller TE (1990) Effects of different resource additions on species diversity in an annual plant community. Ecology 71(1):213–225
Gordon RB (1940) The primeval forest types of Southwestern New York. New York State Museum Bull 321, The University of the State of New York, Albany
Goslee SC, Brooks RP, Cole CA (1997) Plants as indicators of wetland water source. Plant Ecol 131:199–206
Gosselink JG, Turner RE (1978) The role of hydrology in freshwater wetland ecosystems. In: Good RE, Whigham DF, Simpson RL (eds) Freshwater wetlands: ecological processes and management potential. Academic, New York, NY
Grace JB, Wetzel RG (1982) Niche differentiation between two rhizomatous plant species: Typha latifolia and Typha angustifolia. Can J Bot 60:46–57
Green EK, Galatowitsch SM (2001) Differences in wetland plant community establishment with additions of nitrate-N and invasive species (Phalaris arundinacea and Typha x glauca). Can J Bot 79:170–178
Greller AM (2000) Vegetation in the floristic regions of North and Central America. In: Lentz D (ed) Imperfect balance: landscape transformations in the Precolumbian Americas (Ch. 3). Columbia University Press, New York, NY
Gu B (2006) Environmental conditions and phosphorus removal in Florida lakes and wetlands inhabited by Hydrilla verticillata (Royle): implications for invasive species management. Biol Invasions 8(7):1569–1578
Harrison JW (2001) Herbaceous tidal wetland communities of Maryland’s eastern shore: identification, assessment, and monitoring. Maryland Department of Natural Resources Natural Heritage Division, Annapolis, MD
Herman KD, Masters LA, Penskar MR, Reznicek AA, Wilhelm GS, Brodowicz WW (1997) Floristic quality assessment: development and application in the state of Michigan (USA). Nat Area J 17:265–279
Herman KD, Masters LA, Penskar MR, Reznicek AA, Wilhelm GS, Brodovich WW, Gardiner KP (2001) Floristic quality assessment with wetland categories and examples of computer applications for the state of Michigan—revised, 2nd edn. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife, Natural Heritage Program, Lansing, MI
Hobbs RJ, Huenneke LF (1992) Disturbance, diversity, and invasion: implications for conservation. Conserv Biol 6(3):324–337
Hodgson JG (1986) Commonness and rarity in plants with species reference to Sheffield flora. Biol Conserv 36:199–314
Howard GW, Harley KLS (1998) How do floating aquatic weeds affect wetland conservation and development? How can these effects be minimised? Wetlands Ecol Manage 5:215–225
Jacobs A (2010) Delaware rapid assessment procedure V 6.0. Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Dover, DE
Jeglum JK (1971) Plant indicators of pH and water level in peatlands at Candle Lake, Saskatchewan. Can J Bot 49:1661–1676
Jones KB, Riitters KH, Wickham JD, Tankersley RD, O’Neill RV, Chaloud DJ, Smith ER, Neale AC (1997) An ecological assessment of the United States: mid-Atlantic region: a landscape atlas. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, EPA/600/R-97/130, Washington, DC
Jurik TW, Wang S, van der Valk AG (1994) Effects of sediment load on seedling emergence from wetland seed banks. Wetlands 14(3):159–165
Kadlec RH, Bevis FB (1990) Wetlands and wastewater: Kinross, Michigan. Wetlands 10:77–92
Karr JR, Chu EW (1999) Restoring Life in Running Waters: Better Biological Monitoring. Island Press, Washington, DC 206pp.
Karr JR, Dudley DR (1981) Ecological perspective on water quality goals. Environ Manage 5:55–68
Langeland KA (1996) Hydrilla verticillata (L.F.) Royle (Hydrocharitaceae), “The Perfect Aquatic Weed”. Castanea 61:293–304
Lopez RD, Fennessy MS (2002) Testing the floristic quality assessment index as an indicator of wetland condition. Ecol Appl 12:487–497
Mack JJ, Micacchion M, Augusta LD, Sablak GR (2000) Vegetation Indices of Biotic Integrity (VIBI) for wetlands and calibration of the Ohio rapid assessment method for wetlands v. 5.0. Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Wetland Ecology Unit, Division of Surface Water, Columbus, OH
Mack JJ, Fennessy MS, Micacchion M, Porej D (2004) Standardized monitoring protocols, data analysis and reporting requirements for mitigation wetlands in Ohio, v. 1.0. Ohio EPA technical report WET/2004-6. Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Surface Water, Wetland Ecology Group, Columbus, OH
Madeira PT, Jacono CC, Van TK (2000) Monitoring hydrilla using two RAPD procedures and the nonindigenous aquatic species database. J Aquat Plant Manage 28:33–40
Magee TK, Kentula ME (2005) Response of wetland plant species to hydrologic conditions. Wetlands Ecol Manage 13:163–181
Mahaney WM, Wardrop DH, Brooks RP (2004a) Impacts of stressors on the emergence and growth of wetland plant species in Pennsylvania, USA. Wetlands 24(3):538–549
Mahaney WM, Wardrop DH, Brooks RP (2004b) Impacts of sedimentation and nitrogen enrichment on wetland plant community development. Plant Ecol 175:227–243
Mal TK, Lovett-Doust J, Lovett-Doust L (1992) The biology of Canadian weeds. 100. Lythrum salicaria. Can J Plant Sci 72:1305–1331
Maryland Department of Natural Resources (2010) Rare, threatened and endangered plants of Maryland. Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Maryland Wildlife and Heritage Service, Natural Heritage Program, Annapolis, MD
Matters J, Bozon J (1989) Spotting soil salting—a Victorian guide to salt indicator plants. Dept of Conservation, Forests and Lands, Melbourne, VIC
Matthews JW (2003) Assessment of the floristic quality index for use in Illinois, USA, wetlands. Nat Area J 23:53–60
McAvoy WA (2009) Botanist, Delaware Natural Heritage Program, personal communication
McAvoy WA (2010) An overview of the wetland flora of Delaware. Presentation made at the 2010 Delaware Wetlands Conference. Available at http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/Admin/DelawareWetlands/Documents/Conference%20presentations/2010%20Delaware%20Wetland%20Conference%20Agenda%20and%20Links%20to%20Presentations.pdf
McAvoy WA (2011) Rare and uncommon vascular plants of Delaware. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife, Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program, Dover, DE
McAvoy WA, Bowman P (2002) The flora of Coastal Plain pond herbaceous communities on the Delmarva Peninsula. Bartonia 61:81–91
McKenney-Easterling M, DeWalle DR, Iverson LR, Prasad AM, Buda AR (2000) The potential impacts of climate change and variability on forests and forestry in the mid-Atlantic region. Climate Res 14:195–206
Meffe GK, Carroll CR (1994) Principles of conservation biology. Sinauer, Sunderland
Mid-Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council (2011) Retrieved from http://www.ma-eppc.org/
Miller SJ, Wardrop DH (2006) Adapting the floristic quality assessment index to indicate anthropogenic disturbance in central Pennsylvania wetlands. Ecol Indic 6:313–326
Miller SJ, Wardrop DH, Mahaney WM, Brooks RP (2006) A plant-based index of biological integrity (IBI) for headwater wetlands in central Pennsylvania. Ecol Indic 6:290–312
Mirsal IA (2008) Soil pollution: origin, monitoring and remediation, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin
Morrison SL, Molofsky J (1998) Effects of genotypes, soil moisture, and competition on the growth of an invasive grass, Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass). Can J Bot 76:1939–1946
Mortellaro S, Barry M, Gann G, Zahina J, Channon S, Hilsenbeck C, Scofield D, Wilder G, Wilhelm G (2009) Coefficients of conservatism values and the floristic quality index for the vascular plants of South Florida. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, South Florida Ecological Services Field Office, Vero Beach, FL
Mullin BH (1998) The biology and management of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria). Weed Technol 12:397–401
Mushet DM, Euliss NH Jr, Shaffer TL (2002) Floristic quality assessment of one natural and three restored wetland complexes in North Dakota, USA. Wetlands 22:126–138
NatureServe (2010) Retrieved from http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/
Nichols SA (1999) Floristic quality assessment of Wisconsin lake plant communities with example applications. J Lake Reservoir Manage 15:133–141
Nichols SA (2001) Long-term change in Wisconsin lake plant communities. J Freshwater Ecol 16:1–13
Nichols JD, Perry JE, DeBerry DA (2006) Using a floristic quality assessment technique to evaluate plant community integrity of forested wetlands in southeastern Virginia, USA. Nat Area J 26:360–369
Northern Great Plains Floristic Quality Assessment Panel (2001) Floristic quality assessment for plant communities of North Dakota, South Dakota (excluding the Black Hills), and adjacent grasslands. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND
Noss RF (1985) On characterizing presettlement vegetation: how and why. Nat Area J 5:5–19
Noss RF, Csuti B (1997) Habitat fragmentation. In: Meffe GK, Carroll CR (eds) Principles of conservation biology, 2nd edn. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA
Odum EP (1985) Trends expected in stressed ecosystems. Bioscience 35:419–422
Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program (2011) Species of special concern lists: plants. Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Harrisburg, PA
Peterson-Smith J, Wardrop DH, Cole CA, Cirmo CP, Brooks RP (2008) Hydrogeomorphology, environment, and vegetation associations across a latitudinal gradient in highland wetlands of the northeastern USA. Plant Ecol 203:155–172. doi:10.1007/s11258-008-9523-x
Pip E (1984) Ecoregional tolerance range variation in aquatic macrophytes. Hydrobiologia 108:37–48
Polsky C, Allard J, Currit N, Crane R, Yarnal B (2000) The mid-Atlantic region and its climate: past, present and future. Climate Res 14:161–173
Pyle LL (1995) Effects of disturbance on herbaceous exotic plant species on the floodplain of the Potomac River. Am Midl Nat 134:244–253
Reed PB Jr (1988) National list of plant species that occur in wetlands: 1988 national summary. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biol Rep 88(24), Washington, DC
Reed PB Jr (Compiler) (1997) Revision of the national list of plant species that occur in wetlands. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC
Rentch JS, Anderson JT (2006) A floristic quality index for West Virginia wetland and riparian plant communities. West Virginia Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, Morgantown, WV
Rey Benayas JM, Scheiner SM (1993) Diversity patterns of wet meadows along geochemical gradients in central Spain. J Veg Sci 4:103–108
Rey Benayas JM, Bernaldez FG, Levassor C, Peco B (1990) Vegetation of groundwater discharge sites in the Douro basin, central Spain. J Veg Sci 1:461–466
Reznicek AA (1994) The disjunct coastal plain flora in the Great Lakes region. Biol Conserv 68:203–215
Rice D, Rooth J, Stevenson JC (2000) Colonization and expansion of Phragmites australis in upper Chesapeake Bay tidal marshes. Wetlands 20(2):280–299
Rogers CE, McCarty JP (2000) Climate change and ecosystems of the mid-Atlantic region. Climate Res 14:235–244
Rooney TP, Rogers DA (2002) The modified floristic quality index. Nat Area J 22:340–344
Rubbo JM (2004) The effects of the invasive species, reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), on the germination and growth of native riparian tree species. MS thesis in Ecology. Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Schoener TW (1983) Field experiments on interspecific competition. Am Nat 122:240–245
Scott ML, Slauson WL, Segelquist CA, Auble GT (1989) Correspondence between vegetation and soils in wetlands and nearby uplands. Wetlands 9(1):41–60
Segelquist CA, Slauson WL, Scott ML, Auble GT (1990) Synthesis of soil-plant correspondence data from twelve wetland studies throughout the United States. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biol Rep (90)19, Washington, DC
Sinicrope TL, Hine PG, Warren RS, Niering WA (1990) Restoration of an impounded salt marsh in New England. Estuar Coasts 13(1):25–30
Sipple WS, Klockner WA (1984) Uncommon wetlands in the coastal plain of Maryland. In: Norden AW, Forester DC, Fenwick GH (eds) Threatened and endangered plants and animals of Maryland. Maryland Natural Heritage Program, Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis, MD, pp 111–138
Spence DHN (1982) The zonation of plants in freshwater lakes. Adv Ecol Res 12:37–125
Squires L, van der Valk AG (1992) Water-depth tolerances of the dominant emergent macrophytes of the Delta Marsh, Manitoba. Can J Bot 70:1860–1867
Stalter R (1981) Some ecological observations of Taxodium distichum (L.) Richard, in Delaware. Castanea 46(2):154–161
Stevenson RJ, Hauer FR (2002) Integrating hydrogeomorphic and Index of Biotic Integrity approaches for environmental assessment of wetlands. J N Am Benthol Soc 21:502–513
Steward KK (1993) Seed production in monoecious and dioecious populations of Hydrilla. Aquat Bot 46:169–183
Steward KK, Van TK, Carter C, Pieterse AH (1984) Hydrilla invades Washington, DC, and the Potomac. Am J Bot 71:162–163
Stuckey R (1980) Distributional history of Lythrum salicaria (Purple Loosestrife) in North America. Bartonia 47:3–20
Swink F, Wilhelm GS (1979) Plants of the Chicago region, 3rd edn. Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, 922pp
Swink F, Wilhelm GS (1994) Plants of the Chicago region, 4th edn. Indiana Academy of Science, Indianapolis, IN
Taft JB, Wilhelm GS, Ladd DM, Masters LA (1997) Floristic quality assessment for vegetation in Illinois: a method for assessing vegetation integrity. Erigenia 15:3–95
Templer P, Findlay S, Wigand C (1998) Sediment chemistry associated with native and non-native emergent macrophytes of a Hudson River marsh ecosystem. Wetlands 18:70–78
ter Braak CJ, Smilauer P (1997) Canoco for windows, version 4.5. Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Thompson JD (1991) The biology of an invasive plant: what makes Spartina anglica so successful? Bioscience 41(6):393–400
Tiner RW Jr (1988) Field guide to nontidal wetland identification. Cooperative publication, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis and U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Newton Corner, MA
Tiner RW (1999) Wetland indicators: a guide to wetland identification, delineation, classification, and mapping. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL, 392pp
USDA, NRCS (2011) The plants database (http://plants.usda.gov, 6 November 2011). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC
USEPA (2002a) Methods for evaluating wetland condition: introduction to wetland biological assessment. EPA-822-R-02-014, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC
USEPA (2002b) Methods for evaluating wetland condition: developing metrics and indexes of biological integrity. EPA-822-R-02-016, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC
USEPA (2002c) Methods for evaluating wetland condition: using vegetation to assess environmental conditions in wetlands. EPA-822-R-02-020, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC
van der Valk AG (1981) Succession in wetlands: a Gleasonian approach. Ecology 62:688–696
van der Valk AG (1986) The impact of litter and annual plants on recruitment from the seed bank of a lacustrine wetlands. Aquat Bot 24:13–26
Vasquez EA, Glenn EP, Brown JJ, Guntenspergen GR, Nelson SG (2005) Salt tolerance underlies the cryptic invasion of North American salt marshes by an introduced haplotype of the common reed Phragmites australis (Poaceae). Mar Ecol Prog Ser 298:1–8
Veneman PLM, Tiner RW (1990) Soil-vegetation correlations in the Connecticut River floodplain of western Massachusetts. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biol Rep 90(6), Washington, DC
Veselka W, Anderson JT, Kordek W (2009) Using duel classifications in the development of avian wetland indices of biological integrity for wetlands in West Virginia, USA. Environ Monit Assess 164(1–4):533–548
Veselka W, Kordek W, Krantz K (2010) IBI Using two classification schemes to develop vegetation indices of biological integrity for wetlands in West Virginia, USA. Environ Monit Assess 170:555–569
Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation (2009) Natural heritage resources of Virginia: rare plants. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, Richmond, VA
Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation (2012) The natural communities of Virginia: classification of ecological community groups, second approximation. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, Richmond, VA
Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (2004) Virginia wetland plants C-value list. Office of Wetlands, Water Protection Compliance, Richmond, VA
Wardrop DH (1997) The occurrence and impact of sedimentation in central Pennsylvania wetlands. PhD dissertation in Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Wardrop DH, Brooks RP (1998) The occurrence and impact of sedimentation in central Pennsylvania wetlands. Environ Monit Assess 51:119–130
Wardrop DH, Kentula ME, Jensen SF, Stevens DL, Hychka KC, Brooks RP (2007a) Assessment of wetlands in the upper Juniata watershed in Pennsylvania, USA using the hydrogeomorphic approach. Wetlands 27(3):432–445
Wardrop DH, Kentula ME, Stevens DL, Jensen SF, Brooks RP (2007b) Assessment of wetland condition: an example from the upper Juniata Watershed in Pennsylvania, USA. Wetlands 27(3):416–431
Watts BD, Bradshaw DS (2005) Evaluating partners in flight partnership lands in the mid-Atlantic region: Converting conservation plans into conservation actions. USDA Forest Service Gen Tech Rep PSW-GTR-191
Weiher E, Keddy PA (1995) The assembly of experimental wetland plant communities. Oikos 73:323–335
West Virginia Natural Heritage Program (2007) Rare, threatened and endangered plants. West Virginia Department of Natural Resources, South Charleston, WV. Available at http://www.wvdnr.gov/Wildlife/documents/Plants2007_2_.pdf
Wetzel PR, van der Valk AG (1998) Effects of nutrient and soil moisture on competition between Carex stricta, Phalaris arundinacea, and Typha latifolia. Plant Ecol 138:179–190
Wilcox DA, Meeker JE, Hudson PL, Armitage BJ, Black MG, Uzarski DG (2002) Hydrologic variability and the application of Index of Biotic Integrity metrics to wetlands: a Great Lakes evaluation. Wetlands 22:588–615
Wilhelm G, Ladd D (1988) Natural area assessment in the Chicago region. Trans North Am Wildl Nat Resour Conf 53:361–375
Zedler JB, Rea N (1998) Introduction to the ecology and management of wetland plant invasions. Wetlands Ecol Manage 5:161–163
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Appendix: Conservation Status Ranks for Vascular Plant Species Occurring in States within the Mid-Atlantic Region
Appendix: Conservation Status Ranks for Vascular Plant Species Occurring in States within the Mid-Atlantic Region
State conservation status ranka | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scientific name | Common name | Life form | DEb | MDc | PAd | VAe | WVf |
Abies balsamea | Balsam fir | Tree | S1 | S1 | S3 | ||
Abies fraseri | Fraser fir | Tree | S1 | ||||
Acer saccharum var. saccharum | Sugar maple | Tree | S3 | ||||
Aconitum reclinatum | White monkshood | Forb | S1 | S3 | |||
Aconitum uncinatum | Blue monkshood | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Acorus americanus | Sweet flag | Forb | S1 | ||||
Actaea pachypoda | White baneberry | Forb | S1 | ||||
Actaea podocarpa | American bugbane | Forb | S2 | S3 | |||
Adiantum pedatum | Maidenhair fern | Cryptogam | S3 | ||||
Adlumia fungosa | Climbing fumitory | Vine | S2 | ||||
Aeschynomene virginica | Sensitive joint-vetch | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Agalinis acuta | Sandplain gerardia | Forb | S1 | ||||
Agalinis auriculata | Auricled gerardia | Forb | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Agalinis maritima var. maritima | Salt marsh false foxglove | Forb | S1 | ||||
Agalinis obtusifolia | Blunt-leaved gerardia | Forb | S1 | ||||
Agalinis paupercula | Small-flowered false foxglove | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Agalinis setacea | Thread-leaved false foxglove | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Agalinis skinneriana | Midwestern gerardia | Forb | S1 | ||||
Agalinis tenuifolia var. tenuifolia | Slender false foxglove | Forb | S1 | ||||
Agastache nepetoides | Yellow giant hyssop | Forb | S2 | ||||
Agastache scrophulariifolia | Purple giant hyssop | Forb | S1S2 | ||||
Ageratina aromatica (var. aromatica) | Lesser snakeroot | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Agrimonia gryposepala | Tall hairy agrimony | Forb | S3 | ||||
Agrimonia microcarpa | Small-fruited agrimony | Forb | S1 | ||||
Agrimonia pubescens | Downy agrimony | Forb | S3 | ||||
Agrimonia rostellata | Woodland agrimony | Forb | S3 | ||||
Agrimonia striata | Woodland agrimony | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Agrostis mertensii | Arctic bentgrass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Aletris aurea | Golden colic root | Forb | S1 | ||||
Aletris farinosa | Colic root | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Alisma triviale | Northern water plantain | Forb | S1 | ||||
Allium oxyphilum | Nodding onion | Forb | S2 | ||||
Allium tricoccum | Wild leek | Forb | S3 | ||||
Alnus incana subsp. rugosa | Speckled alder | Tree/Shrub | S2 | ||||
Alnus maritima (subsp. maritima) | Seaside alder | Tree/Shrub | S3 | S3.1 | |||
Alnus viridis | Mountain alder | Tree/Shrub | S1 | ||||
Alopecurus aequalis | Short-awn foxtail | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Amaranthus cannabinus | Waterhemp ragweed | Forb | S3 | ||||
Amaranthus pumilus | Seabeach amaranth | Forb | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Amelanchier bartramiana | Oblong-fruited serviceberry | Tree | S1 | S2 | |||
Amelanchier canadensis | Serviceberry | Tree | S1 | ||||
Amelanchier humilis | Running serviceberry | Tree | S1 | S1 | |||
Amelanchier nantucketensis | Nantucket shadbush | Tree | S1 | S1 | |||
Amelanchier obovalis | Coastal juneberry | Tree | S1 | ||||
Amelanchier sanguinea | Round-leaf serviceberry | Tree | S1 | S2 | |||
Amelanchier stolonifera | Running juneberry | Tree | S2 | ||||
Amianthium muscitoxicum | Fly-poison | Forb | S2 | ||||
Ammannia coccinea | Scarlet ammannia | Forb | S2 | ||||
Ammannia latifolia | Koehne's ammannia | Forb | S2 | ||||
Ammophila breviligulata | American beachgrass | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Amorpha fruticosa | False indigo-bush | Shrub | S2 | ||||
Ampelopsis cordata | Heartleaf peppervine | Vine | S1 | ||||
Amphicarpum amphicarpon | Peanut grass | Graminoid | S2 | S1 | |||
Amphicarpum purshii | Pursh's amphicarpum | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Anaphalis margaritacea | Pearly everlasting | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Andromeda polifolia | Bog rosemary | Shrub | S3 | ||||
Andromeda polifolia var. glaucophylla | Bog rosemary | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Andropogon glomeratus (var. glomeratus) | Broomsedge | Graminoid | S3 | S2 | |||
Andropogon glomeratus var. hirsutior | Southern bushy broom-sedge | Graminoid | S1.1 | ||||
Andropogon gyrans | Elliott's beardgrass | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Anemone americana | Roundlobed hepatica | Forb | S3 | ||||
Anemone berlandieri | Eastern prairie anemone | Forb | S1 | ||||
Anemone canadensis | Canada anemone | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Anemone cylindrica | Long-fruited anemone | Forb | S1 | ||||
Anemone quinquefolia var. minima | Dwarf anemone | Forb | S2 | ||||
Angelica atropurpurea | Great angelica | Forb | S1.1 | ||||
Angelica triquinata | Filmy angelica | Forb | S1 | ||||
Angelica venenosa | hairy angelica | Forb | S2 | ||||
Antennaria solitaria | Single-headed pussytoes | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Antennaria virginica | Shale barren pussytoes | Forb | S3 | ||||
Anthoxanthum hirtum | Vanilla grass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Aplectrum hyemale | Puttyroot | Forb | S1 | S3 | |||
Apocynum androsaemifolium | Spreading dogbane | Forb | S1 | ||||
Aquilegia canadensis | Wild columbine | Forb | S2 | ||||
Arabidopsis lyrata | Lyre-leaf rockcress | Forb | S1 | ||||
Arabis glabra | Tower-mustard | Forb | S1 | ||||
Arabis hirsuta | Western hairy rockcress | Forb | S1 | ||||
Arabis hirsuta var. adpressipilis | Hairy rockcress | Forb | S1S2 | ||||
Arabis hirsuta var. pycnocarpa | Hairy rockcress | Forb | S2 | ||||
Arabis missouriensis | Missouri rockcress | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Arabis patens | Spreading rockcress | Forb | S3 | S2 | S2 | S2 | |
Arabis serotina | Shale barren rockcress | Forb | S2 | S2 | |||
Arabis shortii | Short's rockcress | Forb | S3 | S2 | S1 | ||
Aralia hispida | Bristly sarsaparilla | #N/A | S1 | S2 | |||
Aralia racemosa | American spikenard | #N/A | S3 | ||||
Arceuthobium pusillum | Dwarf mistletoe | #N/A | S2 | ||||
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi | Bearberry | Shrub | S1 | S1 | |||
Arethusa bulbosa | Swamp pink | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Arisaema dracontium | green dragon | Forb | S2 | ||||
Aristida dichotoma var. curtissii | Three-awned grass | Graminoid | S1S2 | ||||
Aristida lanosa | Woolly three-awn | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Aristida longespica var. longespica | Slender three-awn | Graminoid | S3S4 | ||||
Aristida purpurascens (var. purpurascens) | Purple needlegrass | Graminoid | S2 | S1 | |||
Aristida tuberculosa | Sea-beach three-awn | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Aristida virgata | Wand-like three-awn grass | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Aristolochia macrophylla | Pipevine | Vine | S1 | ||||
Armoracia lacustris | Lake cress | Forb | S1 | ||||
Arnica acaulis | Leopard's bane | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Arnoglossum atriplicifolium | Pale Indian-plantain | Forb | S2 | ||||
Arnoglossum muehlenbergii | Great Indian-plantain | Forb | S2 | ||||
Arnoglossum reniforme | Great Indian-plantain | Forb | S1 | ||||
Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata | Beach wormwood | Forb | S1 | ||||
Arundinaria gigantea (ssp. gigantea) | Giant cane | Graminoid | S2 | S2 | |||
Asclepias amplexicaulis | Clasping milkweed | Forb | S3 | ||||
Asclepias exaltata | Poke milkweed | Forb | S2 | ||||
Asclepias hirtella | Green milkweed | Forb | S2 | ||||
Asclepias lanceolata | Lance-leaf orange milkweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Asclepias longifolia | Long-leaf milkweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Asclepias purpurascens | Purple milkweed | Forb | S2 | S2 | |||
Asclepias rubra | Red milkweed | Forb | S1 | S1 | S2 | ||
Asclepias tuberosa ssp. rolfsii | Sandhills butterflyweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Asclepias variegata | White milkweed | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Asclepias verticillata | Whorled milkweed | Forb | S3 | ||||
Asclepias viridiflora | Green milkweed | Forb | S3 | ||||
Asclepias viridis | Spider milkweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Asplenium bradleyi | Bradley's spleenwort | Cryptogam | S1 | S2 | |||
Asplenium pinnatifidum | Lobed spleenwort | Cryptogam | S1 | S3 | |||
Asplenium resiliens | Black-stem spleenwort | Cryptogam | S1 | S1 | |||
Asplenium ruta-muraria | Wall-rue | Cryptogam | S3 | ||||
Asplenium septentrionale | Northern spleenwort | Cryptogam | S2 | ||||
Asplenium trichomanes subsp. trichomanes | Maidenhair spleenwort | Cryptogam | S1.1 | ||||
Asplenium x alternifolium | Spleenwort | Cryptogam | S1 | ||||
Astragalus canadensis | Canada milkvetch | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Astragalus distortus | Bent milkvetch | Forb | S2 | S2 | |||
Astragalus neglectus | Cooper's milkvetch | Forb | S1 | S2 | S1 | ||
Astranthium integrifolium ssp. integrifolium | Western daisy | Forb | S1 | ||||
Atriplex arenaria | Sea-beach orach | Forb | S3 | ||||
Atriplex mucronata | Crested saltbush | Shrub | S3 | ||||
Aureolaria flava (var. flava) | Yellow false-foxglove | Forb | S1 | S3 | |||
Aureolaria pedicularia var. pedicularia | Fernleaf yellow false foxglove | Forb | S1 | ||||
Baccharis halimifolia | Eastern baccharis | Shrub | S3 | ||||
Bacopa innominata | Tropical waterhyssop | #N/A | S2 | ||||
Bacopa rotundifolia | Roundleaf waterhyssop | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Baptisia albescens | Narrowpod white wild indigo | Forb | S1 | ||||
Baptisia australis (var. australis) | Wild blue indigo | Forb | S2 | S2 | S3 | ||
Bartonia paniculata (subsp. paniculata) | Twining bartonia | Vine | S2 | S3 | S3 | ||
Bartonia verna | Spring bartonia | Forb | S1 | ||||
Berberis canadensis | American barberry | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Betula cordifolia | Mountain paper birch | Tree | S2 | ||||
Betula papyrifera | Paper birch | Tree | S2 | ||||
Betula populifolia | Gray birch | Tree | S2 | S1 | |||
Betula uber | Virginia round-leaf birch | Tree | S1 | ||||
Bidens bidentoides | Swamp beggar-ticks | Forb | S1 | ||||
Bidens bidentoides var. mariana | Maryland bur-marigold | Forb | S3.1 | ||||
Bidens coronata | Tickseed sunflower | Forb | S2S3 | ||||
Bidens discoidea | Small beggar-ticks | Forb | S3 | ||||
Bidens laevis | Beggar-ticks | Forb | S1 | ||||
Bidens mitis | Small-fruited beggar-ticks | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Bidens trichosperma | Northern tick-seed sunflower | Forb | S3 | ||||
Blephilia ciliata | Downy woodmint | Forb | S3 | ||||
Blephilia hirsuta | Hairy woodmint | Forb | S2 | ||||
Boechera canadensis | Sicklepod | Forb | S2 | ||||
Boechera laevigata | Smooth rockcress | Forb | S1 | ||||
Bolboschoenus novae-angliae | Brackish bulrush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Boltonia asteroides | Aster-like boltonia | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Boltonia asteroides var. glastifolia | Aster-like boltonia | Forb | S2 | ||||
Boltonia montana | Valley doll's-daisy | Forb | S1 | ||||
Botrychium jenmanii | Alabama grapefern | Cryptogam | S1 | ||||
Botrychium lanceolatum var. angustisegmentum | Lance-leaf grape-fern | Cryptogam | S1 | S1 | |||
Botrychium matricariifolium | Daisy-leaf moonwort | Cryptogam | S1 | S2 | |||
Botrychium multifidum | Leathery grapefern | Cryptogam | S1 | ||||
Botrychium oneidense | Blunt-lobe grape-fern | Cryptogam | S1 | S2 | S3 | ||
Botrychium simplex | Least grape-fern | Cryptogam | S1 | ||||
Bouteloua curtipendula (var. curtipendula) | Side-oats grama | Graminoid | S2 | S2 | S3 | ||
Brachyelytrum erectum | Bearded short-husk grass | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Bromus ciliatus | Fringed brome grass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Bromus kalmii | Wild chess | Graminoid | S1 | S3 | S1 | ||
Bromus latiglumis | Broad-glumed brome | Graminoid | S1.1 | S1 | |||
Bromus nottowayanus | Nottoway's brome | Graminoid | S1S2 | ||||
Bromus pubescens | Hairy wood brome | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Buchnera americana | Blue-hearts | Forb | S1S2 | ||||
Buckleya distichophylla | Piratebush | Shrub | S2 | ||||
Cabomba caroliniana | Carolina fanwort | Forb | S2 | ||||
Cakile edentula | American Sea-rocket | Forb | S3 | ||||
Calamagrostis canadensis var. canadensis | Blue-joint reedgrass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Calamagrostis porteri (ssp. porteri) | Porter's reedgrass | Graminoid | S1 | S2 | |||
Calamagrostis stricta ssp. stricta var. stricta | Northern reedgrass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Calamovilfa brevipilis | Pine barrens reedgrass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Calla palustris | Wild calla | Forb | S1 | ||||
Callitriche terrestris | Pond water-starwort | Forb | S3 | ||||
Calopogon pallidus | Pale grass-pink | Forb | S1 | ||||
Calopogon tuberosus (var. tuberosus) | Tuberous grasspink | Forb | S1 | S1 | S2 | S1 | |
Caltha palustris | Marsh marigold | Forb | S2 | ||||
Calystegia spithamaea ssp. purshiana | Shale barren bindweed | Forb | S3 | ||||
Calystegia spithamaea (subsp. spithamaea) | Low bindweed | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Camassia scilloides | Wild hyacinth | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Campanula aparinoides | Marsh bellflower | Forb | S2 | ||||
Campanula rotundifolia | Harebell | Forb | S2 | S1 | S3 | ||
Cardamine angustata | Slender toothwort | Forb | S2 | ||||
Cardamine clematitis | Mountain bittercress | Forb | S1 | ||||
Cardamine dissecta | Divided-leaved toothwort | Forb | S1 | ||||
Cardamine douglassii | Purple cress | Forb | S3 | ||||
Cardamine flagellifera | Bitter cress | Forb | S2 | ||||
Cardamine longii | Long's bittercress | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Cardamine maxima | Large toothwort | Forb | S2 | ||||
Cardamine micranthera | Small-anthered bittercress | Forb | S1 | ||||
Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola | Small-flower bittercress | Forb | S1 | ||||
Cardamine pratensis | Cuckooflower | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Cardamine pratensis var. palustris | Cuckooflower | Forb | S1 | ||||
Cardamine rotundifolia | Roundleaf bittercress | Forb | S1.1 | S3 | |||
Carex aestivalis | Summer sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S2 | |||
Carex aggregata | Glomerate sedge | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Carex alata | Broad-winged sedge | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Carex albursina | Sedge | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Carex appalachica | Appalachian sedge | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Carex aquatilis (var. aquatilis) | Water sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S2 | S1 | S1 | |
Carex arctata | Black sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Carex argyrantha | Hay sedge | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Carex atherodes | Awned sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Carex aurea | Golden-fruited sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex barrattii | Barratt's sedge | Graminoid | S3 | S3 | S2 | ||
Carex bebbii | Bebb's sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Carex bicknellii | Bicknell's sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex bromoides (subsp. bromoides) | Brome-like sedge | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Carex brunnescens | Brownish sedge | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Carex bullata | Bull sedge | Graminoid | S3 | S3 | S1 | ||
Carex bushii | Bush's sedge | Graminoid | S2 | S2S3 | |||
Carex buxbaumii | Buxbaum's sedge | Graminoid | S1.1 | S2 | S3 | S2 | S2 |
Carex canescens | Hoary sedge | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Carex careyana | Carey's sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Carex collinsii | Collin's sedge | Graminoid | S3 | S2 | |||
Carex communis (var. communis) | Fibrous-root sedge | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Carex comosa | Bearded sedge | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Carex conjuncta | Soft fox sedge | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Carex conoidea | Field sedge | Graminoid | S1.1 | S1 | S1S2 | S1 | |
Carex crawei | Craw’s sedge | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Carex crawfordii | Crawford's sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex crinita var. brevicrinis | Short Hair Sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex cristatella | Crested sedge | Graminoid | S1.1 | S2 | |||
Carex crus-corvi | Ravenfoot sedge | Graminoid | S1S2 | ||||
Carex cryptolepis | Northeastern sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex cumberlandensis | Sedge | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Carex davisii | Davis' sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | |
Carex debilis var. pubera | Downy white-edge sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex decomposita | Cypress-knee sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | S2 | ||
Carex deflexa | Short-stemmed sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex diandra | Lesser panicled sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S2 | |||
Carex disperma | Soft-leaved sedge | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Carex eburnea | Ebony sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | S3 | ||
Carex echinata | Little prickly sedge | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Carex emoryi | Emory's sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S3 | S2 | ||
Carex exilis | Coast sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Carex flava | Yellow sedge | Graminoid | S2 | S1 | |||
Carex foenea | Sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex formosa | Handsome sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex garberi | Elk sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex geyeri | Geyer's sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex gigantea | Giant sedge | Graminoid | S3 | S3 | |||
Carex glaucescens | Sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex gracilescens | Slender sedge | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Carex gracillima | Graceful sedge | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Carex granularis | Meadow sedge | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Carex grisea | Inflated narrowleaf sedge | Graminoid | S1.1 | ||||
Carex gynandra | Nodding sedge | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Carex haydenii | Cloud sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1S2 | S1 | ||
Carex hirtifolia | Pubescent sedge | Graminoid | S3 | S3 | S2 | ||
Carex hitchcockiana | Hitchcock's sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex hormathodes | marsh straw sedge | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Carex hyalinolepis | Shoreline sedge | Graminoid | S2S3 | ||||
Carex hystericina | Porcupine sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex interior | Inland sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Carex jamesii | James's sedge | Graminoid | S1.1 | ||||
Carex joorii | Cypress-swamp sedge | Graminoid | S2 | S3 | |||
Carex juniperorum | Juniper sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex lacustris | River-bank sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | |
Carex lasiocarpa | Hairy-fruited sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S3 | |||
Carex lasiocarpa var. americana | Slender sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Carex laxiculmis var. copulata | Spreading sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex leptalea subsp. harperi | Coastal Plain bristly-stalk sedge | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Carex leptalea (subsp. leptalea) | Piedmont bristly-stalk sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex limosa | Mud sedge | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Carex longii | Long's sedge | Graminoid | S2S3 | ||||
Carex louisianica | Louisiana sedge | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Carex lucorum | Sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex lucorum var. austrolucorum | Sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex lupuliformis | False hop sedge | Graminoid | S2 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S1 |
Carex manhartii | Manhart sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Carex meadii | Mead's Sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Carex mesochorea | Midland sedge | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Carex mitchelliana | Mitchell's sedge | Graminoid | S2 | S2 | S1 | ||
Carex molesta | Troublesome sedge | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Carex nigromarginata | Black-edge sedge | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Carex normalis | Larger straw sedge | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Carex oblita | dark green sedge | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Carex oklahomensis | Sooner sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex oligocarpa | Eastern few-fruit sedge | Graminoid | S1.1 | ||||
Carex oligosperma (var. oligosperma) | Few-seed sedge | Graminoid | S2 | S1 | |||
Carex ormostachya | Spike sedge | Graminoid | S2 | S1 | |||
Carex pallescens | Pale sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex pauciflora | Few-flowered sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Carex paupercula | Bog sedge | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Carex pedunculata | Long-stalked sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S2 | |||
Carex pellita | Woolly sedge | Graminoid | S2 | S2 | |||
Carex planispicata | Sedge | Graminoid | S2 | S1S2 | |||
Carex polymorpha | Variable sedge | Graminoid | S2 | S2 | S1 | ||
Carex prairea | Prairie sedge | Graminoid | S2 | S1 | S1 | ||
Carex projecta | Necklace sedge | Graminoid | S2 | S3 | |||
Carex pseudocyperus | Cyperus-like sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex purpurifera | Purple sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex retroflexa | Reflexed sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex retrorsa | Backward sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex reznicekii | Reznicek's sedge | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Carex richardsonii | Richardson's sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Carex roanensis | Roan Mountain sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S2 | S1 | ||
Carex scabrata | Rough sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex schweinitzii | Schweinitz's sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Carex seorsa | Weak stellate sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex shortiana | Short's Sedge | Graminoid | S2 | S3 | |||
Carex siccata | Sedge | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Carex silicea | Sea-beach sedge | Graminoid | S2 | S1 | S1 | ||
Carex sparganioides | Burr-reed sedge | Graminoid | S2 | S1S2 | |||
Carex sprengelii | Sedge | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Carex squarrosa | Squarrose sedge | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Carex sterilis | Sterile sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Carex straminea | Straw sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1S2 | S1 | ||
Carex striatula | Lined sedge | Graminoid | S3 | S3 | |||
Carex styloflexa | Bent sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex suberecta | Prairie straw sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex tenera | Quill sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex tetanica | Rigid sedge | Graminoid | S2 | S1 | |||
Carex tetanica var. canbyi | Sedge | Graminoid | S1.1 | ||||
Carex tonsa var. rugosperma | Shaved sedge | Graminoid | S2S3 | ||||
Carex torta | Twisted sedge | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Carex trichocarpa | Hairy-fruit sedge | Graminoid | S2 | S2 | S1 | ||
Carex tuckermanii | Tuckerman sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Carex typhina | Cattail sedge | Graminoid | S3 | S2 | S2 | ||
Carex utriculata | Sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S3 | |||
Carex venusta | Dark green sedge | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Carex vesicaria | Inflated sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | S1S2 | S2 | |
Carex vestita | Velvety sedge | Graminoid | S2 | S2 | S2 | ||
Carex viridula | Green sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex wiegandii | Wiegands sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex willdenowii | Willdenow's sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Carex woodii | Pretty sedge | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Carex x aestivaliformis | Sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Carphephorus bellidifolius | Sandy-woods chaffhead | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Carphephorus tomentosus | Woolly chaffhead | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Carya carolinae-septentrionalis | Southern shagbark hickory | Tree | S1 | ||||
Carya laciniosa | Big shellbark hickory | Tree | S1 | S3S4 | |||
Carya ovata | Shagbark hickory | Tree | S3 | ||||
Cassia marilandica | Maryland senna | Shrub | S3 | ||||
Castanea dentata | American chestnut | Tree | S2S3 | ||||
Castanea pumila | Allegheny chinquapin | Tree | S3 | ||||
Castilleja coccinea | Indian paintbrush | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Caulophyllum thalictroides | Blue cohosh | Forb | S3 | ||||
Ceanothus americanus | New Jersey tea | Shrub | S2 | ||||
Ceanothus herbaceus | Prairie redroot | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Centella erecta | Erect coinleaf | Forb | S2 | S3 | |||
Centrosema virginianum | Spurred butterfly-pea | Forb | S2 | ||||
Cerastium nutans | Nodding chickweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Cerastium velutinum (var. velutinum) | Field chickweed | Forb | S1.1 | S3 | |||
Cerastium velutinum var. villosissimum | Goat hill chickweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Ceratophyllum echinatum | Prickly hornwort | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Chaerophyllum procumbens (var. procumbens) | Spreading chervil | Forb | S2 | ||||
Chamaecrista fasciculata var. macrosperma | Marsh wild senna | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Chamaecyparis thyoides | Atlantic white cedar | Tree | S3 | S3 | |||
Chamaedaphne calyculata | Leatherleaf | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Chamaelirium luteum | Devil's-bit | Forb | S1 | S3 | |||
Chamaesyce bombensis | Southern beach spurge | Forb | S2 | ||||
Chamaesyce polygonifolia | Small sea-side spurge | Forb | S2 | ||||
Chamaesyce vermiculata | Worm seeded spurge | Forb | S2 | ||||
Chasmanthium latifolium | Wild oat | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Chasmanthium laxum | Slender sea-oats | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Cheilanthes alabamensis | Alabama lipfern | Cryptogam | S1 | ||||
Cheilanthes eatonii | Chestnut lipfern | Cryptogam | S2 | S2 | |||
Cheilanthes feei | Fee’s lipfern | Cryptogam | S1 | ||||
Cheilanthes tomentosa | Woolly lipfern | Cryptogam | S1 | ||||
Chelone cuthbertii | Cuthbert turtlehead | Forb | S2 | ||||
Chelone obliqua | Red turtlehead | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Chenopodium foggii | Fogg's goosefoot | Forb | S1 | ||||
Chenopodium gigantospermum | Maple-leaved goosefoot | Forb | S1 | ||||
Chenopodium standleyanum | Standley's goosefoot | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Chimaphila umbellata | Prince's pine | Forb | S3 | ||||
Chimaphila umbellata var. cisatlantica | Pipsissewa | Forb | S2 | ||||
Chionanthus virginicus | Fringe tree | Tree | S3 | ||||
Chrysogonum virginianum | Green-and-gold | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Chrysopsis gossypina | Cottony goldenaster | Forb | S1 | ||||
Chrysopsis mariana | Maryland golden-aster | Forb | S1 | ||||
Cicuta bulbifera | Bulb-bearing water-hemlock | Forb | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Cimicifuga rubifolia | Appalachian bugbane | Forb | S2 | ||||
Cinna latifolia | Slender wood reedgrass | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Cirsium altissimum | Tall thistle | Forb | S1 | ||||
Cirsium carolinianum | Carolina thistle | Forb | S1 | ||||
Cirsium horridulum | Horrible thistle | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Cirsium muticum | Swamp thistle | Forb | S3 | ||||
Cirsium pumilum | Pasture thistle | Forb | S3 | ||||
Cirsium virginianum | Virginia thistle | Forb | S2 | ||||
Cladium jamaicense | Sawgrass | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Cladium mariscoides | Twig rush | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Claytonia caroliniana | Carolina spring-beauty | Forb | S3 | ||||
Cleistes bifaria | Spreading pogonia | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Cleistes divaricata | Spreading pogonia | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Clematis addisonii | Addison’s leatherflower | Vine | S2 | ||||
Clematis albicoma | White-haired leatherflower | Vine | S3 | ||||
Clematis catesbyana | Satin curls | Vine | S1 | ||||
Clematis occidentalis (var. occidentalis) | Purple clematis | Vine | S1 | S2 | S2 | ||
Clematis viorna | Vase-vine leather flower | Vine | S1.1 | S3 | S1 | ||
Clematis viticaulis | Millboro leatherflower | Vine | S2 | ||||
Clethra acuminata | Mountain pepper-bush | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Clintonia alleghaniensis | Harned's swamp clintonia | Forb | S1 | ||||
Clintonia borealis | Yellow clintonia | Forb | S2 | ||||
Clitoria mariana (var. mariana) | Maryland butterfly-pea | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Cocculus carolinus | Red-berried moonseed | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Coeloglossum viride | Long-bracted orchis | Forb | S1 | ||||
Coeloglossum viride var. virescens | Long-bract green orchis | Forb | S1 | ||||
Coelorachis rugosa | Wrinkled jointgrass | #N/A | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Collinsia verna | Eastern blue-eyed Mary | Forb | S2 | ||||
Collinsonia verticillata | Whorled horsebalm | Forb | S1 | ||||
Commelina erecta | Sand dayflower | Forb | S2 | S3 | |||
Commelina erecta var. angustifolia | Slender dayflower | Forb | S2 | ||||
Commelina virginica | Virginia dayflower | Forb | S1 | ||||
Comptonia peregrina | Sweet-fern | Shrub | S2 | ||||
Conioselinum chinense | Hemlock parsley | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Conopholis americana | Squaw-root | Forb | S2 | ||||
Coptis trifolia | Goldthread | Forb | S1 | S3 | |||
Corallorhiza bentleyi | Bentley's coralroot | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Corallorhiza maculata var. occidentalis | Spotted coralroot | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Corallorhiza odontorhiza | Autumn coralroot | Forb | S1 | ||||
Corallorhiza trifida | Early coralroot | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Corallorhiza wisteriana | Wister's coralroot | Forb | S1 | S1 | S2 | ||
Coreopsis falcata | Pool coreopsis | Forb | S1 | ||||
Coreopsis linifolia | Atlantic tickseed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Coreopsis pubescens var. robusta | Star tickseed | Forb | S2 | ||||
Coreopsis rosea | Rose coreopsis | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Coreopsis tripteris | Tall tickseed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Coreopsis verticillata | Whorled coreopsis | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Cornus amomum ssp. obliqua | Silky dogwood | Shrub | S2 | ||||
Cornus canadensis | Bunchberry | Subshrub | S1 | S1 | S2 | ||
Cornus rugosa | Round-leaved dogwood | Forb | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Cornus stricta | Marsh dogwood | Shrub | S2 | ||||
Corydalis aurea | Golden corydalis | Forb | S1 | ||||
Corydalis flavula | Yellow corydalis | Forb | S1.1 | ||||
Corydalis sempervirens | Pale corydalis | Forb | S3 | ||||
Corylus cornuta | Beaked hazelnut | Shrub | S1.1 | S3 | |||
Crataegus calpodendron | Pear hawthorn | Tree | S1 | ||||
Crataegus mollis | Hawthorn | Tree | S1 | ||||
Crataegus pennsylvanica | Red-fruited hawthorn | Tree | S2S3 | ||||
Crataegus spathulata | Littlehip hawthorn | Tree | S1 | ||||
Crataegus succulenta | Fleshy hawthorn | Tree | S1 | ||||
Crocanthemum bicknellii | Plains frostweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Crocanthemum canadense | Canada frostweed | Forb | S3 | ||||
Crocanthemum propinquum | Low frostweed | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Crotalaria purshii | Rattle-box | Forb | S2 | ||||
Crotalaria rotundifolia | Rabbit-bells | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Croton glandulosus var. septentrionalis | Northern croton | Forb | S3 | ||||
Cryptogramma stelleri | Slender rock-brake | Cryptogam | S1 | S1 | |||
Ctenium aromaticum | Toothache grass | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Cunila origanoides | Dittany | #N/A | S2 | ||||
Cuphea viscosissima | Blue waxweed | Forb | S2 | ||||
Cuscuta campestris | Dodder | Forb | S2 | ||||
Cuscuta cephalanthi | Button-bush dodder | Forb | S2 | ||||
Cuscuta compacta | Dodder | Forb | S2 | ||||
Cuscuta indecora var. neuropetala | Pretty dodder | Forb | S1 | ||||
Cuscuta pentagona | Field dodder | Forb | S2 | ||||
Cuscuta polygonorum | Smartweed dodder | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Cuscuta rostrata | Beaked dodder | Forb | S1 | S2 | S2 | ||
Cuthbertia graminea | Grass-like roselings | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Cymophyllus fraserianus | Fraser's sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | S3 | ||
Cynanchum laeve | Smooth swallow-wort | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Cynoglossum virginianum (var. virginianum) | Wild comfrey | Forb | S3 | ||||
Cyperus dentatus | Toothed flatsedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Cyperus diandrus | Umbrella flatsedge | Graminoid | S1 | S2 | S1 | ||
Cyperus engelmannii | Engelmann’s flatsedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Cyperus granitophilus | Granite-loving flatsedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Cyperus houghtonii | Houghton's umbrella-sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Cyperus hystricinus | Flatsedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Cyperus lancastriensis | Lancaster's flatsedge | Graminoid | S1 | S2 | |||
Cyperus odoratus var. engelmannii | Engelman's rusty flatsedge | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Cyperus plukenetii | Plukenet’s flatsedge | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Cyperus refractus | Reflexed flatsedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | S3 | ||
Cyperus retrofractus | Rough cyperus | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Cyperus schweinitzii | Schweinitz's flatsedge | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Cyperus squarrosus | Awned cyperus | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Cypripedium calceolus var. parviflorum | Small Yellow lady's-slipper | Forb | S1 | ||||
Cypripedium candidum | Small White lady's Slipper | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Cypripedium kentuckiense | Kentucky lady’s-slipper | Forb | S1 | ||||
Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens | Large yellow lady's-slipper | Forb | S1 | ||||
Cypripedium reginae | Showy lady's-slipper | Forb | S2 | S1 | S1 | ||
Cystopteris bulbifera | Bulblet fern | Cryptogam | S3 | ||||
Cystopteris laurentiana | Laurentian bladder-fern | Cryptogam | S1 | ||||
Cystopteris protrusa | Lowland fragile fern | Cryptogam | S2 | ||||
Cystopteris tennesseensis | Tennessee bladder-fern | Cryptogam | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Cystopteris tenuis | Bladderfern | Cryptogam | S1 | ||||
Dalibarda repens | Star violet | Forb | S1 | S3 | |||
Danthonia compressa | Flattened oatgrass | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Danthonia sericea | Silky oatgrass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Dasistoma macrophylla | Mullein foxglove | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Decodon verticillatus | Hairy swamp loosestrife | Forb | S1 | ||||
Delphinium exaltatum | Tall larkspur | Forb | S1 | S1 | S2 | ||
Delphinium tricorne | Dwarf larkspur | Forb | S3 | ||||
Deschampsia cespitosa | Tufted hairgrass | Graminoid | S1 | S3 | S1 | ||
Desmodium canadense | Showy tick-trefoil | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Desmodium canescens | hoary tick-trefoil | Forb | S1 | ||||
Desmodium cuspidatum (var. cuspidatum) | Toothed tick-trefoil | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Desmodium fernaldii | Fernald's tick-trefoil | Forb | S1.1 | ||||
Desmodium glabellum | Dillen's tick-trefoil | Forb | S3 | ||||
Desmodium laevigatum | Smooth tick-trefoil | Forb | S3S4 | ||||
Desmodium lineatum | Linear-leaved tick-trefoil | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Desmodium marilandicum | Maryland tick-trefoil | Forb | S3 | ||||
Desmodium nuttallii | Nuttalls' tick-trefoil | Forb | S2 | ||||
Desmodium obtusum | Stiff tick-trefoil | Forb | S1 | ||||
Desmodium ochroleucum | Cream-flowered tick-trefoil | Forb | S1 | ||||
Desmodium pauciflorum | Few-flowered tick-trefoil | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Desmodium rigidum | Rigid tick-trefoil | Forb | S1 | ||||
Desmodium rotundifolium | Prostrate tick-trefoil | Forb | S3 | ||||
Desmodium sessilifolium | Sessile-leaf tick-trefoil | Forb | S2 | ||||
Desmodium strictum | Pineland tick-trefoil | Forb | S2 | S1 | S2 | ||
Desmodium tenuifolium | Slim-leaf tick-trefoil | Forb | S1 | ||||
Desmodium viridiflorum | Velvety tick-trefoil | Forb | S3S4 | ||||
Diamorpha smallii | Small’s stonecrop | Forb | S1 | ||||
Diarrhena americana | American beakgrain | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Diarrhena obovata | Beak sedge | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Dicentra cucullaria | Dutchman's breeches | Forb | S3 | ||||
Dicentra eximia | Wild bleeding-hearts | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Dichanthelium aciculare | Needle-leaf witch grass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Dichanthelium acuminatum (var. acuminatum) | Panic grass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Dichanthelium annulum | Serpentine panic grass | Graminoid | S2 | S2 | |||
Dichanthelium boreale | Northern witch grass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Dichanthelium caerulescens | Blue witch grass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Dichanthelium dichotomum var. roanokense | Roanoke witch grass | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Dichanthelium ensifolium | Witch grass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Dichanthelium hirstii | Hirst Brothers' panic grass | Graminoid | S1.1 | ||||
Dichanthelium laxiflorum | Lax-flower witch grass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Dichanthelium longiligulatum | Long-ligule witch grass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Dichanthelium lucidum | Shining panic grass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Dichanthelium meridionale | Matting witch grass | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Dichanthelium oligosanthes (var. oligosanthes) | Few-flower witch grass | Graminoid | S1 | S2S3 | S3 | ||
Dichanthelium oligosanthes var. scribnerianum | Scribner's witch grass | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Dichanthelium ravenelii | Ravenel's witch grass | Graminoid | S2 | S3 | |||
Dichanthelium scabriusculum | Tall swamp witch grass | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Dichanthelium scoparium | Velvety panic grass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon | Roundfruit witch grass | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Dichanthelium spretum | Eaton's witch grass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Dichanthelium strigosum | Rough-hair panic grass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Dichanthelium wrightianum | Wright's panic grass | Graminoid | S2 | S1 | |||
Dichanthelium yadkinense | Yadkin's witch grass | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Didiplis diandra | Water-purslane | Forb | S1 | ||||
Diervilla lonicera | Northern bush-honeysuckle | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Digitaria cognata | Fall witch grass | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Digitaria filiformis | Slender crabgrass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Digitaria serotina | Dwarf crabgrass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Diphasiastrum tristachyum | Ground-cedar clubmoss | Bryophyte | S2 | ||||
Diplazium pycnocarpon | Glade fern | Cryptogam | S1.1 | S2 | |||
Dirca palustris | Eastern leatherwood | Shrub | S1.1 | S2 | |||
Dodecatheon meadia | Common shooting-star | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Dodecatheon radicatum | Jeweled shooting-star | Forb | S2 | ||||
Doellingeria infirma | Cornel-leaf aster | Forb | S1 | S3 | |||
Doellingeria umbellata | Flat-top white aster | Forb | S3 | ||||
Drosera capillaris | Pink sundew | Forb | S1 | ||||
Drosera rotundifolia (var. rotundifolia) | Roundleaf sundew | Forb | S2 | S3 | S3 | ||
Dryopteris campyloptera | Mountain wood-fern | Cryptogam | S1 | S1 | |||
Dryopteris celsa | Log fern | Cryptogam | S2 | S3 | S1 | ||
Dryopteris clintoniana | Clinton's wood-fern | Cryptogam | S1 | S1 | S2 | ||
Dryopteris goldiana | Goldie's wood-fern | Cryptogam | S1 | S2 | |||
Dryopteris marginalis | Marginal wood-fern | Cryptogam | S3 | ||||
Echinacea laevigata | Smooth coneflower | Forb | S2 | ||||
Echinochloa walteri | Walter's barnyard-grass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Echinodorus cordifolius | Upright burhead | Forb | S1 | ||||
Echinodorus tenellus | Dwarf burhead | Forb | S1 | ||||
Elatine americana | American waterwort | Forb | S2 | S3 | |||
Elatine minima | Small waterwort | Forb | S2 | S1 | S1 | ||
Eleocharis albida | White spikerush | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Eleocharis baldwinii | Baldwin spikerush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Eleocharis caribaea | Capitate spikerush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Eleocharis compressa | Flattened spikerush | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | S2 | S2 | |
Eleocharis elliptica | Slender spikerush | Graminoid | S2 | S1 | |||
Eleocharis engelmannii | Engelmann spikerush | Graminoid | S3 | S1 | |||
Eleocharis equisetoides | Horsetail spikerush | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Eleocharis erythropoda | Bald spikerush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Eleocharis fallax | Creeping spikerush | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Eleocharis halophila | Salt-marsh spikerush | Graminoid | S1.1 | S1 | |||
Eleocharis intermedia | Matted spikerush | Graminoid | S1 | S2 | S1 | S1 | |
Eleocharis melanocarpa | Black-fruited spikerush | Graminoid | S2 | S1 | S2 | ||
Eleocharis obtusa var. peasei | Wrights spikerush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Eleocharis palustris | Creeping spikerush | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Eleocharis parvula | Little-spike spikerush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Eleocharis pauciflora var. fernaldii | Few-flowered spikerush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Eleocharis quadrangulata | Four-angled spikerush | Graminoid | S1 | S2 | |||
Eleocharis robbinsii | Robbins' spikerush | Graminoid | S3 | S1 | S2 | S1 | |
Eleocharis rostellata | Beaked spikerush | Graminoid | S2 | S1 | S1 | ||
Eleocharis tenuis var. verrucosa | Slender spikerush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Eleocharis tortilis | Twisted spikerush | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Eleocharis tricostata | Three-angle spikerush | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Eleocharis tuberculosa | Long-tubercled spikerush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Eleocharis uniglumis | Creeping spikerush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Eleocharis vivipara | Viviparous spikerush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Eleocharis wolfii | Wolf's spikerush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Elephantopus carolinianus | Elephant's foot | Forb | S3 | ||||
Elephantopus nudatus | Smooth elephant's foot | Forb | S2 | ||||
Ellisia nyctelea | Ellisia | Forb | S2 | ||||
Elodea nuttallii | Nuttall waterweed | Forb | S3 | ||||
Elymus hystrix | Bottlebrush wild rye | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Elymus riparius | River wild rye | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Elymus trachycaulus (ssp. Trachycaulus) | Slender wheatgrass | Graminoid | S3 | S2 | S2 | ||
Elymus villosus | Hairy wild rye | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Elymus virginicus var. halophilus | Salt-loving Virginia wild rye | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Endodeca serpentaria | Virginia snakeroot | #N/A | S3 | ||||
Enemion biternatum | False rue-anemone | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Epigaea repens | Trailing arbutus | #N/A | S3 | ||||
Epilobium ciliatum | Northern willowherb | Forb | S1 | ||||
Epilobium leptophyllum | Linear-leaved willowherb | Forb | S2S3 | S2 | |||
Epilobium palustre | Marsh willowherb | Forb | S1 | ||||
Epilobium strictum | Downy willowherb | Forb | S1 | S3 | |||
Equisetum fluviatile | Water horsetail | Cryptogam | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | |
Equisetum hyemale subsp. affine | Scouring-rush horsetail | Cryptogam | S1 | ||||
Equisetum sylvaticum | Woodland horsetail | Cryptogam | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | |
Equisetum variegatum | Variegated horsetail | Cryptogam | S1 | ||||
Equisetum x ferrissii | Scouring rush | Cryptogam | S1 | ||||
Eragrostis hypnoides | Teal lovegrass | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Eragrostis refracta | Meadow lovegrass | Graminoid | S2 | S3S4 | |||
Erigenia bulbosa | Harbinger-of-spring | Forb | S3 | ||||
Erigeron pulchellus var. brauniae | Lucy Braun's robin plantain | Forb | S1 | ||||
Erigeron vernus | White-top fleabane | Forb | S2 | ||||
Eriocaulon aquaticum | Seven-angled pipewort | #N/A | S2 | S1 | S1 | ||
Eriocaulon compressum | Flattened pipewort | #N/A | S2 | S2 | |||
Eriocaulon decangulare | Ten-angle pipewort | #N/A | S1 | S2 | S2 | ||
Eriocaulon parkeri | Parker's pipewort | #N/A | S2 | S2 | S2 | ||
Eriogonum allenii | Yellow buckwheat | Forb | S2 | ||||
Eriophorum gracile | Slender cottongrass | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Eriophorum tenellum | Rough cottongrass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Eriophorum virginicum | Tawny cottongrass | Graminoid | S1 | S3 | |||
Eriophorum viridicarinatum | Thin-leaved cottongrass | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Eryngium aquaticum (var. aquaticum) | Rattlesnake-master | Forb | S2 | ||||
Eryngium integrifolium | Savanna eryngo | Forb | S1 | ||||
Eryngium yuccifolium (var. yuccifolium) | Rattlesnake-master | Forb | S2 | ||||
Erysimum capitatum (var. capitatum) | Prairie rocket | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Erythronium albidum | White trout lily | Forb | S2 | S3 | S2 | ||
Euonymus americanus | Bursting heart | Forb | S3S4 | ||||
Euonymus atropurpureus | Wahoo | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Eupatorium album var. vaseyi | Vasey's white thoroughwort | Forb | S3 | ||||
Eupatorium altissimum | Tall boneset | Forb | S3 | ||||
Eupatorium anomalum | Anomalous eupatorium | Forb | S1 | ||||
Eupatorium godfreyanum | Vasey's eupatorium | Forb | S1S2 | S2S3 | |||
Eupatorium hyssopifolium (var. hyssopifolium) | Hyssopleaf thoroughwort | Forb | S1 | ||||
Eupatorium hyssopifolium var. laciniatum | Fringed boneset | Forb | S1 | ||||
Eupatorium incarnatum | Pink thoroughwort | Forb | S2 | ||||
Eupatorium leucolepis | White-bracted boneset | Forb | S3 | S2S3 | |||
Eupatorium maculatum (var. maculatum) | Mottle joe-pye weed | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Eupatorium pilosum | Vervain thoroughwort | Forb | S2 | ||||
Eupatorium rotundifolium | Eupatorium | Forb | S3 | ||||
Eupatorium serotinum | Late-flowering thoroughwort | Forb | S3 | ||||
Eupatorium sessilifolium (var. sessilifolium) | Sessile-leaf thoroughwort | Forb | S1 | ||||
Euphorbia exserta | Coastal-sand spurge | Forb | S1 | ||||
Euphorbia ipecacuanhae | Wild ipecac | Forb | S1 | ||||
Euphorbia obtusata | Blunt-leaved spurge | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Euphorbia pubentissima | Flowering spurge | Forb | S1 | ||||
Euphorbia purpurea | Darlington's spurge | Forb | S1.1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S2 |
Eurybia radula | Rough-leaved aster | Forb | S1 | S2 | S1 | ||
Eurybia schreberi | Schreber's aster | Forb | S2 | ||||
Eurybia spectabilis | Showy aster | Forb | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Eurybia surculosa | Creeping aster | Forb | S1 | ||||
Euthamia tenuifolia | Grass-leaved goldenrod | Forb | S1 | ||||
Eutrochium purpureum (var. purpureum) | Purple-node Joe-pye weed | Forb | S3 | ||||
Festuca paradoxa | Cluster fescue | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Filipendula rubra | Queen-of-the-prairie | Forb | S1 | S1S2 | S2 | ||
Fimbristylis annua | Annual fimbry | Graminoid | S3 | S2 | S1 | ||
Fimbristylis caroliniana | Carolina fimbry | Graminoid | S2 | S1S2 | |||
Fimbristylis perpusilla | Harper's fimbristylis | Graminoid | S1 | S2 | S1 | ||
Fimbristylis puberula (var. puberula) | Hairy fimbry | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Floerkea proserpinacoides | False mermaidweed | Forb | S3 | ||||
Fraxinus nigra | Black ash | Tree | S2 | S3 | S3 | ||
Fraxinus profunda | Pumpkin ash | Tree | S1 | ||||
Fraxinus quadrangulata | Blue ash | Tree | S1 | S1 | |||
Fuirena pumila | Smooth fuirena | #N/A | S3 | S2S3 | |||
Fuirena squarrosa | Hairy umbrella sedge | #N/A | S3 | ||||
Galactia volubilis | Downy milkpea | Vine | S3 | S2 | |||
Galearis spectabilis | Showy orchis | Forb | S3 | ||||
Galium asprellum | Rough bedstraw | Forb | S2 | ||||
Galium boreale | Northern bedstraw | Forb | S1 | ||||
Galium concinnum | Shining bedstraw | Forb | S3 | ||||
Galium hispidulum | Coast bedstraw | Forb | S1 | ||||
Galium labradoricum | Labrador marsh bedstraw | Forb | S1 | ||||
Galium lanceolatum | lance-leaf bedstraw | Forb | S3 | ||||
Galium latifolium | Purple bedstraw | Forb | S3 | S3 | |||
Galium trifidum | Marsh bedstraw | Forb | S2 | ||||
Gaultheria hispidula | Creeping snowberry | #N/A | S1 | S3 | S3 | ||
Gaylussacia brachycera | Box huckleberry | #N/A | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S2 |
Gaylussacia dumosa | Dwarf huckleberry | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Gentiana alba | Yellow gentian | Forb | S1 | ||||
Gentiana andrewsii (var. andrewsii) | Closed bottle gentian | Forb | S1.1 | S2 | |||
Gentiana austromontana | Appalachian gentian | Forb | S1 | ||||
Gentiana autumnalis | Pine-barren gentian | Forb | S1 | ||||
Gentiana catesbaei | Elliott's gentian | Forb | S3 | ||||
Gentiana linearis | Narrow-leaved gentian | Forb | S3 | ||||
Gentiana saponaria | Soapwort gentian | Forb | S3 | S1S2 | |||
Gentiana villosa | Striped gentian | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Gentianella quinquefolia | Stiff gentian | Forb | S1 | ||||
Gentianopsis crinita | Fringed gentian | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Geranium bicknellii | Cranesbill | Forb | S1 | ||||
Geranium robertianum | Herb robert | Forb | S1 | ||||
Geum aleppicum | Yellow avens | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Geum laciniatum | Rough avens | Forb | |||||
Geum rivale | Purple avens | Forb | S1 | ||||
Geum virginianum | Pale avens | Forb | S1 | ||||
Glyceria acutiflora | Sharp-scaled mannagrass | Graminoid | S2 | S1 | S2 | ||
Glyceria canadensis | Canada mannagrass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Glyceria grandis (var. grandis) | American mannagrass | Graminoid | S1.1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | |
Glyceria laxa | Northern mannagrass | Graminoid | S2S3 | ||||
Glyceria obtusa | Blunt mannagrass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Gnaphalium uliginosum | Low cudweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Goodyera repens | Dwarf rattlesnake-plantain | Forb | S2 | S1S2 | |||
Goodyera tesselata | Checkered rattlesnake-plantain | Forb | S1 | ||||
Gratiola aurea | Golden hedge hyssop | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Gratiola brevifolia | Branching hedge hyssop | Forb | S1.1 | ||||
Gratiola ramosa | Branched hedge hyssop | Forb | S1 | ||||
Gratiola viscidula | Short's hedge hyssop | Forb | S1 | ||||
Gymnocarpium appalachianum | Appalachian oak fern | Cryptogam | S1 | S2 | |||
Gymnocarpium dryopteris | Oak fern | Cryptogam | S1 | S1 | |||
Gymnocladus dioicus | Kentucky coffee-tree | Tree | S1 | ||||
Gymnopogon ambiguus | Eastern beardgrass | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Gymnopogon brevifolius | Broad-leaved beardgrass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Hasteola suaveolens | Sweet-scented Indian-plantain | Forb | S1 | S2 | S3 | ||
Hedyotis nigricans | Barren bluets | Forb | S1 | ||||
Helenium brevifolium | Shortleaf sneezeweed | Forb | S2 | ||||
Helenium virginicum | Virginia sneezeweed | Forb | S2 | ||||
Helianthemum bicknellii | Hoary frostweed | Forb | S1 | S2 | S1 | ||
Helianthemum canadense | Canada frostweed | Forb | S2 | ||||
Helianthemum propinquum | Frostweed | Forb | S1S3 | S1 | |||
Helianthus angustifolius | Swamp sunflower | Forb | S3 | ||||
Helianthus decapetalus | Thinleaf sunflower | Forb | S3 | ||||
Helianthus divaricatus | Woodland sunflower | Forb | S1 | ||||
Helianthus hirsutus | Sunflower | Forb | S2 | ||||
Helianthus laevigatus | Smooth sunflower | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Helianthus microcephalus | Small-headed sunflower | Forb | S1 | ||||
Helianthus occidentalis (ssp. Occidentalis) | McDowell sunflower | Forb | S1 | S1 | S2 | ||
Heliopsis helianthoides (var. helianthoides) | Ox-eye | Forb | S1 | ||||
Heliotropium curassavicum | Seaside heliotrope | Forb | S1 | ||||
Helonias bullata | Swamp-pink | Forb | S2 | S2 | S2S3 | ||
Hemicarpha micrantha | Dwarf bulrush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Heracleum lanatum | Cow-parsnip | Forb | S3 | ||||
Heracleum maximum | Cow-parsnip | Forb | S3 | ||||
Heteranthera dubia | Grassleaf mud-plantain | Forb | S2 | ||||
Heteranthera multiflora | Multiflowered mud-plantain | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Heteranthera reniformis | Kidneyleaf mud-plantain | Forb | S1 | ||||
Heuchera alba | White-flowered alumroot | Forb | S2 | ||||
Heuchera americana | American alumroot | Forb | S3 | ||||
Heuchera americana var. hispida | Rough alumroot | Forb | S2 | ||||
Heuchera caroliniana | Carolina alumroot | Forb | S1 | ||||
Heuchera longiflora | Long-flowered alumroot | Forb | S2 | ||||
Heuchera pubescens | Downy heuchera | Forb | S3 | ||||
Hexalectris spicata (var. spicata) | Crested coralroot | Forb | S1 | ||||
Hexastylis contracta | Mountain heartleaf | Forb | S1 | ||||
Hexastylis virginica | Virginia heartleaf | Forb | S1 | ||||
Hibiscus laevis | Halberd-leaved mallow | Forb | S3 | S2 | |||
Hieracium traillii | Maryland hawkweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Hieracium umbellatum | Umbellate hawkweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Hierochloe hirta ssp. arctica | Common northern sweet grass | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Hierochloe odorata (ssp. odorata) | Vanilla grass | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Honckenya peploides | Sea-beach sandwort | Forb | S1 | ||||
Hordeum jubatum | Fox-tail barley | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Hottonia inflata | Featherfoil | forb | S2 | S1 | S1 | ||
Houstonia canadensis | Canada bluets | forb | S2 | ||||
Houstonia purpurea (var. purpurea) | Purple bluets | forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Houstonia serpyllifolia | Creeping bluets | forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Houstonia tenuifolia | Slender-leaved bluets | forb | S1 | ||||
Hudsonia ericoides | Golden heather | forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Hudsonia tomentosa (var. tomentosa) | False heather | forb | S1 | ||||
Huperzia appalachiana | Appalachian fir-clubmoss | Bryophyte | S2 | ||||
Huperzia porophila | Rock clubmoss | Bryophyte | S1 | S1 | |||
Huperzia porophila | Rock clubmoss | Bryophyte | S1 | ||||
Hybanthus concolor | Green violet | #N/A | S1 | S3 | |||
Hydrastis canadensis | Goldenseal | Forb | S3 | S2 | |||
Hydrocotyle americana | American water-pennywort | Forb | S3 | ||||
Hydrocotyle ranunculoides | Floating pennywort | Forb | S2 | ||||
Hydrophyllum macrophyllum | Large-leaved waterleaf | Forb | S2 | ||||
Hydrophyllum virginianum | Eastern waterleaf | Forb | S3 | ||||
Hylodesmum glutinosum | Large tick-trefoil | Forb | S2 | ||||
Hypericum adpressum | Creeping St. John's-wort | Forb | S2 | S1 | S1 | ||
Hypericum boreale | Northern St. John's-wort | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Hypericum crux-andreae | St. Peter's-wort | Subshrub | S3 | ||||
Hypericum densiflorum | Bushy St. John's-wort | Shrub | S2 | S3 | |||
Hypericum denticulatum | Coppery St. John's-wort | Forb | S2 | S2 | |||
Hypericum dissimulatum | Disguised St. John's-wort | Forb | S2S4 | ||||
Hypericum drummondii | Drummond St. John's-wort | Forb | S1.1 | S1 | |||
Hypericum gymnanthum | Clasping-leaved St. John's-wort | Forb | S2 | S3 | S1 | ||
Hypericum hypericoides | Erect St. Andrew's cross | Subshrub | S3 | ||||
Hypericum majus | Larger Canadian St. John's-wort | Forb | S2 | ||||
Hypericum mitchellianum | Blue Ridge St. John's-wort | Forb | S1 | ||||
Hypericum prolificum | Shrubby St. John's-wort | Shrub | S1.1 | ||||
Hypericum setosum | St. John’s-wort | Forb | S1S2 | ||||
Hypericum stragulum | St Andrew's-cross | Forb | S2 | ||||
Hypericum virgatum | Coppery St. John's-wort | Forb | S1 | ||||
Hypopitys monotropa | American pinesap | #N/A | S2 | ||||
Hypoxis hirsuta | Eastern yellow stargrass | #N/A | S3 | ||||
Ilex collina | Long-stalked holly | Shrub | S2 | S2 | |||
Ilex coriacea | Bay-gall holly | Shrub | S2 | ||||
Ilex decidua | Deciduous holly | Shrub | S2 | ||||
Ilex opaca | American holly | Shrub | S2 | ||||
Iliamna corei | Peter’s mountain mallow | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Iliamna remota | Kankakee globemallow | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Impatiens pallida | Pale jewel-weed | Forb | S3 | ||||
Iodanthus pinnatifidus | Purple rocket | Forb | S1 | ||||
Ionactis linariifolia | Flaxleaf aster | Forb | S2 | ||||
Iresine rhizomatosa | Bloodleaf | Forb | S1 | ||||
Iris cristata | Crested iris | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Iris prismatica | Slender blue flag | Forb | S2 | S1 | S1 | ||
Iris verna | Dwarf iris | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Iris virginica | Virginia blue flag | Forb | S3 | S2 | |||
Isoetes engelmannii | Engelmann's quillwort | #N/A | S2 | S3 | |||
Isoetes hyemalis | Winter quillwort | #N/A | S2 | ||||
Isoetes riparia | Riverbank quillwort | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Isoetes tenella | Spiny-spored quillwort | #N/A | S1.1 | ||||
Isoetes valida | True quillwort | #N/A | S1S3 | S1 | |||
Isoetes x brittonii | Quillwort | #N/A | S1S2 | ||||
Isotria medeoloides | Small-whorled pogonia | forb | S1.1 | S1 | S2 | S1 | |
Isotria verticillata | Large whorled pogonia | forb | S3 | ||||
Itea virginica | Virginia willow | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Iva imbricata | Sea-coast marsh elder | Shrub | S1S2 | ||||
Juglans cinerea | Butternut | Tree | S3 | S2S3 | S3 | ||
Juncus abortivus | Pine-barren rush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Juncus alpinoarticulatus ssp. nodulosus | Richardson's rush | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Juncus arcticus var. littoralis | Baltic rush | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Juncus articulatus | Jointed rush | Graminoid | S1 | S1S2 | S2 | ||
Juncus balticus var. littoralis | Baltic rush | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Juncus biflorus | Grass-leaved rush | Graminoid | S2 | S2 | |||
Juncus brachycarpus | Short-fruited rush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Juncus brachycephalus | Small-headed rush | Graminoid | S2 | S2 | |||
Juncus brevicaudatus | Narrow-panicled rush | Graminoid | S2 | S2 | |||
Juncus caesariensis | New Jersey rush | Graminoid | S1 | S2 | |||
Juncus coriaceus | leathery rush | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Juncus debilis | Weak rush | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Juncus dichotomus | Forked rush | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Juncus elliottii | Bog rush | Graminoid | S1S2 | ||||
Juncus filiformis | Thread rush | Graminoid | S3 | S2 | |||
Juncus longii | Long's rush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Juncus megacephalus | Big-headed rush | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Juncus militaris | Bayonet rush | Graminoid | S2 | S1 | |||
Juncus nodosus (var. nodosus) | Knotted rush | Graminoid | S1 | S1S2 | |||
Juncus pelocarpus | Brown-fruited rush | Graminoid | S2 | S1 | S1 | ||
Juncus scirpoides | Scirpus-like rush | Graminoid | S1 | S2 | |||
Juncus subcaudatus | short-tailed rush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Juncus torreyi | Torrey's rush | Graminoid | S1 | S3 | S2 | S2 | |
Juncus trifidus | Highland rush | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Juniperus communis | Common juniper | Tree | S2 | ||||
Juniperus communis var. depressa | Ground juniper | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Kalmia angustifolia | Sheep laurel | Shrub | S2 | S3S4 | S2 | ||
Kalmia carolina | Carolina sheep laurel | Shrub | S2 | ||||
Krigia biflora | Two-flowered cynthia | #N/A | S3 | ||||
Krigia dandelion | Potato dandelion | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Kyllinga pumila | Thin-leaved flatsedge | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Lachnanthes caroliana (Lachnanthes caroliniana) | #N/A | S1 | S1 | ||||
Lachnocaulon anceps | Bog-buttons | #N/A | S2 | ||||
Lactuca floridana | Woodland lettuce | Forb | S2 | ||||
Lactuca hirsuta | Downy lettuce | Forb | S3 | ||||
Larix laricina | Larch | Tree | S1 | S1 | |||
Lathyrus japonicus | Beach peavine | #N/A | S2 | ||||
Lathyrus ochroleucus | Wild-pea | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Lathyrus palustris | Vetchling peavine | #N/A | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Lathyrus venosus | Veiny pea | #N/A | S3 | S2 | |||
Lechea maritima | Beach pinweed | #N/A | S3 | ||||
Lechea minor | Thyme-leaved pinweed | #N/A | S1S3 | ||||
Lechea mucronata | hairy pinweed | #N/A | S2 | ||||
Lechea tenuifolia | Slender pinweed | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Lechea villosa | Bog-buttons | #N/A | S3S4 | ||||
Ledum groenlandicum | Common Labrador-tea | #N/A | S3 | ||||
Leersia hexandra | Club-headed cutgrass | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Leersia lenticularis | Catchfly-grass | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Lemna perpusilla | Minute duckweed | Forb | S1S3 | ||||
Lemna trisulca | Star duckweed | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Lemna turionifera | Duckweed | Forb | S1S3 | ||||
Lemna valdiviana | Pale duckweed | Forb | S3 | ||||
Lespedeza angustifolia | Narrowleaf bushclover | #N/A | S3 | S1 | |||
Lespedeza frutescens | Violet bushclover | #N/A | S3 | ||||
Lespedeza hirta (var. hirta) | Hairy bushclover | #N/A | S3 | ||||
Lespedeza stuevei | Tall bushclover | #N/A | S2 | S3 | |||
Leucothoe fontanesiana | Highland doghobble | Shrub | S1S2 | ||||
Leucothoe racemosa | Swamp doghobble | Shrub | S2S3 | ||||
Leucothoe recurva | Recurved fetterbush | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Liatris pilosa | Grassleaf blazingstar | Forb | S2 | ||||
Liatris scariosa | Round-head gayfeather | Forb | S2 | ||||
Liatris scariosa var. nieuwlandii | Northern blazing-star | Forb | S1 | ||||
Liatris spicata | Spiked blazing-star | Forb | S1 | ||||
Liatris squarrosa | Scaly blazing-star | Forb | S1 | ||||
Liatris squarrulosa | Appalachian gay-feather | Forb | S1 | ||||
Liatris turgida | Turgid gay-feather | Forb | S2 | ||||
Lilaeopsis carolinensis | Carolina lilaeopsis | Forb | S1 | ||||
Lilium canadense (subsp. canadense) | Canada lily | Forb | S2 | ||||
Lilium catesbaei | Southern red lily | Forb | S1 | ||||
Lilium grayi | Gray’s lily | Forb | S2 | ||||
Lilium michauxii | Carolina lily | Forb | S1 | ||||
Lilium philadelphicum (var. philadelphicum) | Wood lily | Forb | S2S3 | ||||
Lilium pyrophilum | Sandhills lily | Forb | S1 | ||||
Limnobium spongia | American frog's-bit | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Limosella australis | Mudwort | Forb | S2 | ||||
Lindernia dubia var. anagallidea | False pimpernel | Forb | S2 | ||||
Linnaea borealis | Twinflower | Forb | S1 | ||||
Linnaea borealis ssp. americana | Twinflower | Forb | S1 | ||||
Linum intercursum | Sandplain flax | Forb | S1 | S2 | S1 | ||
Linum lewisii var. lewisii | Prairie flax | Forb | S2 | ||||
Linum sulcatum (var. sulcatum) | Grooved yellow flax | Forb | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Liparis liliifolia | Large twayblade | Forb | S2 | S2S3 | |||
Liparis loeselii | Loesel's twayblade | Forb | S1S2 | S2 | S3 | ||
Lipocarpha maculata | American lipocarpha | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Lipocarpha micrantha | Small-flowered hemicarpha | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Listera australis | Southern twayblade | Forb | S3 | S3 | S1 | ||
Listera cordata (var. cordata) | Heartleaf twayblade | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Listera smallii | Appalachian twayblade | Forb | S1 | S1 | S2 | ||
Lithospermum canescens | Hoary puccoon | Forb | S2 | ||||
Lithospermum caroliniense | Hispid gromwell | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Lithospermum latifolium | American gromwell | Forb | S1 | ||||
Litsea aestivalis | Pondspice | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Lobelia canbyi | Canby's lobelia | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Lobelia dortmanna | Water lobelia | Forb | S2 | ||||
Lobelia elongata | Southern blue lobelia | Forb | S1.1 | S3 | S1 | ||
Lobelia kalmii | Brook lobelia | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Lobelia puberula | Downy lobelia | Forb | S1 | ||||
Lobelia spicata (var. spicata) | Pale-spike lobelia | Forb | S2 | ||||
Lonicera canadensis | Canada honeysuckle | Shrub | S1 | S2 | |||
Lonicera hirsuta | Hairy honeysuckle | Vine | S1 | ||||
Lonicera oblongifolia | Swamp Fly honeysuckle | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Lonicera villosa | Mountain Fly honeysuckle | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Lotus helleri | Carolina prairie-trefoil | Forb | S1 | ||||
Ludwigia alata | Winged seedbox | Forb | S1 | ||||
Ludwigia brevipes | Long beach seedbox | Forb | S2 | ||||
Ludwigia decurrens | Upright primrose-willow | Forb | S2S3 | S1 | |||
Ludwigia glandulosa | Cylindric-fruited seedbox | Forb | S1 | ||||
Ludwigia hirtella | Hairy seedbox | Forb | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Ludwigia leptocarpa | River seedbox | Forb | S2 | ||||
Ludwigia linearis (var. linearis) | Narrow-leaf seedbox | Forb | S3 | ||||
Ludwigia pilosa | Hairy seedbox | Forb | S1 | ||||
Ludwigia polycarpa | False loosestrife seedbox | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Ludwigia ravenii | Raven’s seedbox | Forb | S1 | ||||
Ludwigia repens | Creeping seedbox | Forb | S1 | ||||
Lupinus perennis ssp. perennis | Sundial lupine | Forb | S1 | S2 | S3 | S1 | |
Luzula acuminata (var. acuminata) | Northern hairy woodrush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Luzula acuminata var. carolinae | Southern hairy woodrush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Luzula bulbosa | Southern wood-rush | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Lycopodiella alopecuroides | Foxtail clubmoss | Bryophyte | S3 | S1 | |||
Lycopodiella appressa | Southern bog clubmoss | Bryophyte | S3 | S2 | |||
Lycopodiella caroliniana | Carolina clubmoss | Bryophyte | S1 | ||||
Lycopodiella inundata | Bog clubmoss | Bryophyte | S2 | S1 | S2 | ||
Lycopodiella margueritae | Clubmoss | Bryophyte | S1 | ||||
Lycopodiella x copelandii | Clubmoss | Bryophyte | S1 | ||||
Lycopodium clavatum | Staghorn clubmoss | Bryophyte | S3 | ||||
Lycopodium lagopus | One-cone ground-pine | Bryophyte | S1 | ||||
Lycopodium tristachyum | Ground-cedar | Bryophyte | S3 | ||||
Lycopus amplectens | Sessile-leaved water-horehound | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Lycopus rubellus | Bugleweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Lygodium palmatum | Climbing fern | Cryptogam | S1.1 | S2 | S3 | ||
Lyonia mariana | Stagger-bush | Shrub | S2 | S1 | |||
Lysimachia hybrida | Lance-leaf loosestrife | Forb | S2 | S2 | S1 | S2 | S1 |
Lysimachia lanceolata | Lance-leaved loosestrife | Forb | S3 | ||||
Lysimachia quadriflora | Four-flowered loosestrife | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Lysimachia thyrsiflora | Tufted loosestrife | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Lythrum alatum (var. alatum) | Winged loosestrife | Forb | S1 | S1 | S2 | S2 | |
Magnolia macrophylla | Bigleaf magnolia | Tree | S1 | ||||
Magnolia tripetala | Umbrella magnolia | Tree | S3 | S2 | |||
Magnolia virginiana | Sweet bay magnolia | Tree | S2 | ||||
Maianthemum stellatum | Starflower false solomon's-seal | Forb | S2 | ||||
Malaxis bayardii | Bayard's malaxis | Forb | S1 | ||||
Malaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda | White adder's-mouth | Forb | S1 | ||||
Malaxis unifolia | Green adder's-mouth | Forb | S1 | ||||
Malus angustifolia | Narrow-leaved wild crab | Tree | S3 | ||||
Malvastrum hispidum | Hispid falsemallow | Forb | S1 | ||||
Manfreda virginica | False aloe | Subshrub | S2 | S1 | |||
Marshallia grandiflora | Large-flowered marshallia | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Marshallia obovata | Obovate marshallia | Forb | S2 | ||||
Matelea carolinensis | Anglepod | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Matelea decipiens | Old-field milkvine | Vine | S1 | ||||
Matelea obliqua | Climbing milkweed | Vine | S1 | S1 | |||
Matteuccia struthiopteris | Ostrich fern | Cryptogam | S2 | S2 | |||
Matteuccia struthiopteris var. pensylvanica | Ostrich fern | Cryptogam | S1 | ||||
Mecardonia acuminata (var. acuminata) | Purple mecardonia | #N/A | S3 | S1 | |||
Meehania cordata | Heartleaf meehania | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Megalodonta beckii | Beck's water-marigold | Forb | S1 | ||||
Melanthium latifolium | Broad-leaved bunchflower | Forb | S1 | ||||
Melanthium virginicum | Virginia bunchflower | Forb | S3 | ||||
Melica mutica | Two-flowered melic grass | Graminoid | S1 | S2 | |||
Melica nitens | Three-flower melic grass | Graminoid | S2 | S2 | S1S2 | S1 | |
Melothria pendula | Creeping cucumber | #N/A | S1 | S1 | |||
Menyanthes trifoliata | Buckbean | #N/A | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Menziesia pilosa | Minniebush | #N/A | S3 | ||||
Mertensia virginica | Virginia bluebells | Forb | S3 | ||||
Micranthemum umbrosum | Shade mudflower | Forb | S1 | ||||
Micranthes pensylvanica | Swamp saxifrage | Forb | S1.1 | ||||
Micranthes virginiensis | Virginia saxifrage | Forb | S3 | ||||
Milium effusum | Millet grass | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Mimosa quadrivalvis var. angustata | Little-leaf sensitivebriar | #N/A | S2 | ||||
Mimulus moschatus | Muskflower | Forb | S1 | ||||
Minuartia caroliniana | Carolina sandwort | Forb | S1.1 | S1 | |||
Minuartia glabra | Mountain sandwort | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Minuartia groenlandica | Mountain sandwort | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Minuartia michauxii | Rock sandwort | Forb | S2 | ||||
Mitella diphylla | two-leaf Bishop's-cap | Forb | S2 | ||||
Mitella nuda | Naked Bishop's-cap | Forb | S1 | ||||
Mitreola petiolata | Lax hornpod | Forb | S1 | ||||
Mitreola sessilifolia | Sessile-leaved hornpod | Forb | S1 | ||||
Moehringia lateriflora | Grove sandwort | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Monarda clinopodia | Basil beebalm | Forb | S2 | S3 | |||
Monarda fistulosa ssp. brevis | Smoke hole bergamot | Forb | S1 | ||||
Monarda fistulosa (var. fistulosa) | Wild bergamot beebalm | Forb | S1.1 | ||||
Monotropsis odorata | Sweet pinesap | #N/A | S1 | S1 | |||
Montia chamissoi | Chamisso's miner's-lettuce | Forb | S1 | ||||
Morella caroliniensis | Evergreen bayberry | Shrub | S2 | S1 | |||
Morus rubra | Red mulberry | Tree | S3 | ||||
Muhlenbergia bushii | Bush’s muhly | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Muhlenbergia capillaris (var. capillaris) | Long-awn hairgrass | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Muhlenbergia cuspidata | Plains muhly | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Muhlenbergia glomerata | Marsh muhly | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Muhlenbergia sobolifera | Cliff muhly | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Muhlenbergia sylvatica | Woodland dropseed | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Muhlenbergia tenuiflora | Slender muhly | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Muhlenbergia torreyana | Torrey's dropseed | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Muhlenbergia uniflora | Fall dropseed muhly | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Myosotis laxa (subsp. laxa) | Small forget-me-not | Forb | S3 | ||||
Myosotis macrosperma | Large-seed forget-me-not | Forb | S1 | S2S3 | S2 | ||
Myosotis verna | Spring forget-me-not | Forb | S3 | ||||
Myrica cerifera var. pumila | Dwarf southern bayberry | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Myrica gale | Sweet-gale | Shrub | S2 | ||||
Myriophyllum farwellii | Farwell's water-milfoil | Forb | S3 | ||||
Myriophyllum heterophyllum | Broadleaf water-milfoil | Forb | S1 | ||||
Myriophyllum humile | Low water-milfoil | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Myriophyllum laxum | Loose water-milfoil | Forb | S1 | ||||
Myriophyllum pinnatum | Cutleaf water-milfoil | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Myriophyllum sibiricum | Northern water-milfoil | Forb | S1 | ||||
Myriophyllum tenellum | Slender water-milfoil | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Myriophyllum verticillatum | Whorled water-milfoil | Forb | S1 | ||||
Najas flexilis | Slender naiad | Forb | S3 | ||||
Najas gracillima | thread-like naiad | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Najas guadalupensis | Southern naiad | Forb | S3 | ||||
Napaea dioica | Glade mallow | Forb | S1 | ||||
Nelumbo lutea | American lotus | Forb | S1.1 | S2 | |||
Nemopanthus mucronatus | Mountain holly | Shrub | S3 | ||||
Nemophila aphylla | Small-flowered baby-blue-eyes | Forb | S1 | ||||
Nestronia umbellula | Nestronia | Forb | S1 | ||||
Nuphar microphylla | Yellow cowlily | Forb | S1 | ||||
Nuphar sagittifolia | Narrow-leaved spatterdock | Forb | S1 | ||||
Nuttallanthus canadensis | Old-field toadflax | Forb | S2 | ||||
Nymphoides aquatica | Larger floating-heart | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Nymphoides cordata | little floating-heart | Forb | S1 | S1 | S2 | ||
Obolaria virginica | Virginia pennywort | Forb | S3 | ||||
Oclemena nemoralis | Bog aster | Forb | S1 | ||||
Oenothera argillicola | Shale-barren evening-primrose | Forb | S3 | S2 | S3 | ||
Oenothera fruticosa (var. fruticosa) | Narrow-leaf evening-primrose | Forb | S2 | ||||
Oenothera humifusa | Sea-beach evening-primrose | Forb | S3 | ||||
Oenothera oakesiana | Evening-primrose | Forb | S2 | ||||
Oenothera pilosella ssp. pilosella | Evening-primrose | Forb | S2 | ||||
Oenothera tetragona (var. tetragona) | Shrubby evening-primrose | Forb | S2 | ||||
Oldenlandia boscii | Bosc’s bluets | Forb | S1 | ||||
Oldenlandia uniflora | Clustered bluets | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Oligoneuron rigidum var. glabratum | Southeastern stiff goldenrod | Forb | S1 | ||||
Oligoneuron rigidum (var. rigidum) | Stiff goldenrod | Forb | S2 | ||||
Onosmodium molle | Shaggy false-gromwell | Forb | S1 | ||||
Onosmodium molle var. hispidissimum | False gromwell | Forb | S1 | ||||
Onosmodium virginianum | Virginia false-gromwell | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Ophioglossum engelmannii | Limestone Adder's-tongue | Cryptogam | S1 | S1 | |||
Ophioglossum petiolatum | Longstem adder’s-tongue | Cryptogam | S1 | ||||
Ophioglossum pusillum | Northern adder’s tongue | Cryptogam | S1 | ||||
Ophioglossum vulgatum | Southern adder's-tongue | Cryptogam | S3 | ||||
Opuntia humifusa | Prickly-pear cactus | Forb | S3 | ||||
Orbexilum onobrychis | Lanceleaf scurfpea | Forb | S1 | ||||
Orobanche uniflora | One-flowered broomrape | Forb | S3 | ||||
Oryzopsis asperifolia | White-grained mountain-ricegrass | Graminoid | S2 | S1 | S1 | ||
Oryzopsis pungens | Slender mountain-ricegrass | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Osmanthus americanus | Wild olive | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Osmunda cinnamomea var. glandulosa | Glandular cinnamon fern | Cryptogam | S1 | ||||
Ostrya virginiana | Eastern hop-hornbeam | Tree | S2 | ||||
Oxydendrum arboreum | Sourwood | Tree | S1 | S3S4 | |||
Oxypolis canbyi | Canby's dropwort | Forb | S1 | ||||
Oxypolis rigidior | Stiff cowbane | Forb | S2 | ||||
Packera anonyma | Small's ragwort | Forb | S1.1 | S2 | |||
Packera antennariifolia | Cat's-paw ragwort | Forb | S3 | S1 | S3 | ||
Packera millefolium | Yarrow-leaved ragwort | Forb | S2 | ||||
Packera paupercula (var. paupercula) | Balsam ragwort | Forb | S1 | S3 | S2 | ||
Packera plattensis | Prairie ragwort | Forb | S1 | ||||
Panax quinquefolius | American ginseng | Forb | S2 | S3 | |||
Panicum commonsianum var. euchlamydeum | Cloaked panic grass | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Panicum flexile | Wiry witch grass | Graminoid | S1 | S2S3 | |||
Panicum hemitomon | Maidencane panic grass | Graminoid | S2 | S3 | S2 | ||
Panicum longifolium | Long-leaf panic grass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Panicum philadelphicum | Philadelphia panic grass | Graminoid | S1.1 | ||||
Panicum tuckermanii | Tuckerman's panic grass | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Panicum verrucosum | Warty panic grass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Panicum xanthophysum | Slender panic grass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Parnassia asarifolia | Kidneyleaf grass-of-parnassus | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Parnassia glauca | Carolina grass-of-parnassus | Forb | S2 | ||||
Parnassia grandifolia | Largeleaf grass-of-parnassus | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Paronychia argyrocoma | Silver nailwort | Forb | S3 | ||||
Paronychia canadensis | Forked nailwort | Forb | S3 | ||||
Paronychia fastigiata (var. fastigiata) | Cluster-stemmed nailwort | Forb | S2 | ||||
Paronychia fastigiata var. nuttallii | Forked-chickweed | Forb | S1S2 | ||||
Paronychia fastigiata var. paleacea | Cluster-stemmed nailwort | Forb | S2 | ||||
Paronychia virginica (var. virginica) | Yellow nailwort | Forb | S1 | S1 | S2 | ||
Parthenium integrifolium | American feverfew | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Paspalum dissectum | Walter's paspalum | Graminoid | S3 | S2 | S2 | ||
Paspalum distichum | Joint paspalum | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Paspalum fluitans | Floating paspalum | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Paspalum praecox | Early paspalum | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Paspalum pubiflorum | Hairy-seed paspalum | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Paspalum setaceum (var. setaceum) | slender paspalum | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Passiflora lutea | Passion-flower | Vine | S2 | ||||
Paxistima canbyi | Canby's mountain lover | #N/A | S1 | S1 | S2 | S2 | |
Pedicularis canadensis | Early wood lousewort | Forb | S2 | ||||
Pedicularis lanceolata | Swamp lousewort | Forb | S1 | S1S2 | S2 | ||
Pediomelum canescens | Hoary scurfpea | Forb | S1 | ||||
Pellaea glabella (ssp. glabella) | Smooth cliffbrake | Cryptogam | S1 | S2 | |||
Peltandra virginica | Arrow-arum | Forb | S2 | ||||
Penstemon australis | Southern beard-tongue | Forb | S2 | ||||
Penstemon calycosus | Long-sepal beard-tongue | Forb | S1 | ||||
Penstemon canescens | Beard-tongue | Forb | S3 | ||||
Penstemon laevigatus | Smooth beardtongue | Forb | S1 | S3 | S3 | ||
Persea palustris | Red bay | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Persicaria setacea | Bog smartweed | Forb | S2 | ||||
Phacelia covillei | Blue scorpion-weed | Forb | S2 | S1 | S1 | ||
Phacelia fimbriata | Fringed scorpionweed | Forb | S2 | ||||
Phacelia purshii | Miami-mist | Forb | S3 | ||||
Phanopyrum gymnocarpon | Clustered panic grass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Phaseolus polystachios | Wild kidney bean | #N/A | S3 | S1S2 | |||
Phegopteris connectilis | Northern beech fern | Cryptogam | S2 | ||||
Phemeranthus teretifolius | Round-leaved fame-flower | Forb | S2 | ||||
Phlox amplifolia | Large-leaved phlox | Forb | S2 | ||||
Phlox buckleyi | Swordleaf phlox | Forb | S2 | S2 | |||
Phlox glaberrima | Smooth phlox | Forb | S1 | ||||
Phlox ovata | Mountain phlox | Forb | S1 | ||||
Phlox pilosa | Downy phlox | Forb | S1 | S1S2 | S2 | ||
Phlox subulata ssp. brittonii | Moss pink | Forb | S1 | ||||
Photinia floribunda | Purple chokeberry | Shrub | S3 | ||||
Phragmites australis subsp. americanus | North American reed | Graminoid | S2 | S1 | |||
Phyla lanceolata | Fog-fruit | Forb | S2 | ||||
Phyla nodiflora | Common frog-fruit | Forb | S1 | ||||
Phyllanthus caroliniensis | Carolina leaf-flower | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Physalis virginiana | Virginia ground-cherry | Forb | S3 | S1S2 | |||
Physalis walteri | Dune ground-cherry | Forb | S2 | ||||
Picea rubens | Red spruce | Tree | S3 | ||||
Pieris floribunda | Mountain fetter-bush | Shrub | S2 | ||||
Pilea fontana | Coolwort | Forb | S3 | ||||
Pinus echinata | Short-leaf pine | Tree | S3 | S1S2 | |||
Pinus palustris | Long-leaf pine | Tree | S1 | ||||
Pinus resinosa | Red pine | Tree | S1 | ||||
Pinus rigida | pitch pine | Tree | S3 | ||||
Piptatherum canadense | Canada mountain-ricegrass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Piptatherum racemosum | Black-fruited mountainrice | Graminoid | S2 | S2 | |||
Piptochaetium avenaceum | Blackseed needlegrass | Graminoid | S3 | S1 | S2 | ||
Pityopsis graminifolia | Grass-leaved golden-aster | Forb | S1 | ||||
Plantago maritima var. juncoides | Seaside plantain | Forb | S1 | ||||
Platanthera aquilonis | Northern green orchid | Forb | S1 | ||||
Platanthera blephariglottis | White-fringe orchis | Forb | S1 | S2 | S2S3 | S1 | |
Platanthera ciliaris | Yellow fringed orchid | Forb | S2 | S2 | S3 | ||
Platanthera cristata | Yellow-crested orchis | Forb | S2 | S3 | |||
Platanthera dilatata | Leafy white orchid | Forb | S1 | ||||
Platanthera flava | Pale green orchid | Forb | S2 | ||||
Platanthera flava var. herbiola | Southern rein orchid | Forb | S1 | ||||
Platanthera grandiflora | Large purple fringed orchid | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Platanthera hookeri | Hooker's orchid | Forb | S1 | ||||
Platanthera huronensis | Huron green orchid | Forb | S1 | ||||
Platanthera lacera | Green-fringe orchis | Forb | S3 | ||||
Platanthera leucophaea | Prairie fringed orchid | Forb | S1 | ||||
Platanthera peramoena | Purple fringeless orchid | Forb | S1 | S1 | S2 | S2 | |
Platanthera psycodes | Small purple-fringe orchid | Forb | S1 | ||||
Platanthera shriveri | Shriver's frilly orchid | Forb | S1 | ||||
Pleopeltis polypodioides | Resurrection fern | Cryptogam | S3 | ||||
Pluchea camphorata | Marsh fleabane | Forb | S1 | ||||
Pluchea foetida (var. foetida) | Stinking camphorweed | Forb | S3 | ||||
Pluchea odorata | Shrubby camphorweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Poa alsodes | Grove meadowgrass | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Poa autumnalis | Autumn bluegrass | Graminoid | S3 | S1 | |||
Poa cuspidata | Early bluegrass | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Poa languida | Drooping bluegrass | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Poa paludigena | Bog bluegrass | Graminoid | S1.1 | S3 | S2 | S1 | |
Poa palustris | Fowl bluegrass | Graminoid | S1S2 | ||||
Poa saltuensis | Drooping bluegrass | Graminoid | S1 | S2 | S1 | ||
Podostemum ceratophyllum | Threadfoot | Forb | S1 | S3 | |||
Pogonia ophioglossoides | Rose pogonia | Forb | S2 | S3 | S2 | ||
Polanisia dodecandra (ssp. dodecandra) | Common clammyweed | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Polemonium reptans (var. reptans) | Greek valerian | Forb | S3 | ||||
Polemonium vanbruntiae | Jacob's-ladder | Forb | S2 | S1 | S2 | ||
Polygala cruciata | Cross-leaved milkwort | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Polygala cruciata var. aquilonia | Crossleaf milkwort | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Polygala curtissii | Curtis's milkwort | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Polygala incarnata | Pink milkwort | Forb | S1 | S2S3 | |||
Polygala nuttallii | Nuttall's milkwort | Forb | S3 | ||||
Polygala polygama | Racemed milkwort | Forb | S1 | S1S2 | |||
Polygala senega | Seneca snakeroot | Forb | S2 | ||||
Polygonatum biflorum var. commutatum | Giant Solomon's-seal | Forb | S3 | ||||
Polygonella articulata | Eastern Jointweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Polygonella polygama | October-flower | Forb | S1 | ||||
Polygonum amphibium var. emersum | Water smartweed | Forb | S2S3 | ||||
Polygonum amphibium var. stipulaceum | Water smartweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Polygonum careyi | Carey's smartweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Polygonum cilinode | Fringed bindweed | Forb | S3 | ||||
Polygonum glaucum | Seabeach knotweed | Forb | S1 | S1 | S1S2 | ||
Polygonum ramosissimum | Bushy knotweed | Forb | S2 | ||||
Polypodium virginianum | Virginia polypody | Cryptogam | S3 | ||||
Polystichum braunii | Braun's holly fern | Cryptogam | S1 | ||||
Populus balsamifera (ssp. balsamifera) | Balsam poplar | Tree | S1 | S1 | |||
Populus tremuloides | Quaking aspen | Tree | S2 | ||||
Porteranthus stipulatus | American ipecac | Forb | S1 | ||||
Portulaca smallii | Small’s purslane | Forb | S1 | ||||
Potamogeton amplifolius | Large-leaf pondweed | Forb | S1S2 | ||||
Potamogeton confervoides | Tuckerman's pondweed | Forb | S2 | ||||
Potamogeton foliosus | Leafy pondweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Potamogeton friesii | Fries' pondweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Potamogeton gramineus | Grassy pondweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Potamogeton hillii | Hill's pondweed | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Potamogeton illinoensis | Illinois pondweed | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Potamogeton natans | Floating pondweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Potamogeton oakesianus | Oakes' pondweed | Forb | S1S2 | S2 | |||
Potamogeton obtusifolius | Blunt-leaved pondweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Potamogeton perfoliatus | Clasping-leaved pondweed | Forb | S2 | ||||
Potamogeton praelongus | White-stemmed pondweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Potamogeton pulcher | Spotted pondweed | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Potamogeton pusillus | Slender pondweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Potamogeton pusillus var. tenuissimus | Slender pondweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Potamogeton richardsonii | Red-head pondweed | Forb | S3 | ||||
Potamogeton spirillus | Spiral pondweed | Forb | S1 | S1 | S2 | ||
Potamogeton strictifolius | Straight-leaf pondweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Potamogeton tennesseensis | Tennessee pondweed | Forb | S1 | S1 | S2 | ||
Potamogeton vaseyi | Vasey's pondweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Potamogeton zosteriformis | Flatstem pondweed | Forb | S1 | S2S3 | S1 | ||
Potentilla anserina | Silverweed | Forb | S3 | ||||
Potentilla arguta | Tall cinquefoil | Forb | S1 | ||||
Potentilla fruticosa | Shrubby cinquefoil | Forb | S1 | ||||
Potentilla paradoxa | Bushy cinquefoil | Forb | S1 | ||||
Potentilla tridentata | Three-toothed cinquefoil | Forb | S1 | ||||
Prenanthes autumnalis | Slender rattlesnake-root | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Prenanthes crepidinea | Nodding rattlesnake-root | Forb | S1 | ||||
Prenanthes serpentaria | Lion's-foot | Forb | S3 | ||||
Prosartes maculata | Nodding mandarin | Forb | S1 | ||||
Prunus alleghaniensis (var. alleghaniensis) | Alleghany plum | Tree | S2 | S2S3 | S3 | ||
Prunus angustifolia (var. angustifolia) | Chickasaw plum | Tree | S1 | ||||
Prunus maritima | Beach plum | Tree | S3 | S1 | S1 | S1 | |
Prunus nigra | Canada plum | Tree | S1 | ||||
Prunus pumila var. depressa | Dwarf sand cherry | Tree | S1 | S1 | |||
Prunus pumila var. susquehanae | Susquehanna cherry | Tree | S2 | S1 | |||
Pseudognaphalium helleri | Catfoot | Forb | S1 | ||||
Pseudognaphalium macounii | Winged cudweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Ptelea trifoliata | Common hop-tree | Tree | S3 | S2 | |||
Ptilimnium fluviatile | Harperella | Forb | S1 | ||||
Ptilimnium nodosum | Harperella | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Puccinellia fasciculata | Salt marsh goosegrass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Pycnanthemum beadlei | Beadle's mountain mint | Forb | S1 | ||||
Pycnanthemum clinopodioides | Basil mountain-mint | Forb | S1 | ||||
Pycnanthemum incanum (var. incanum) | Hoary mountain-mint | Forb | S1 | ||||
Pycnanthemum loomisii | Loomis' mountain-mint | Forb | S2 | ||||
Pycnanthemum montanum | Appalachian mountain-mint | Forb | S2 | ||||
Pycnanthemum muticum | Blunt mountain-mint | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Pycnanthemum setosum | Awned mountain-mint | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Pycnanthemum torrei | Torrey's Mountain-mint | Forb | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | |
Pycnanthemum verticillatum (var. verticillatum) | Whorled mountain-mint | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Pycnanthemum virginianum | Virginia mountain-mint | Forb | S2 | ||||
Pyrola americana | Round-leaf shinleaf | Forb | S2 | ||||
Pyrola chlorantha | Forb | S1 | |||||
Pyrola elliptica | Elliptic shinleaf | Forb | S2 | S2 | |||
Pyrularia pubera | Buffalo nut | Forb | S3 | ||||
Pyxidanthera barbulata | Flowering pixiemoss | Forb | S1 | ||||
Quercus falcata | Southern red oak | Tree | S1 | ||||
Quercus hemisphaerica | Darlington’s oak | Tree | S1 | ||||
Quercus incana | Bluejack oak | Tree | S2 | ||||
Quercus lyrata | Overcup oak | Tree | S2 | ||||
Quercus macrocarpa | Mossy-cup oak | Tree | S1 | S1 | |||
Quercus marilandica (var. marilandica) | Blackjack oak | Tree | S3 | ||||
Quercus michauxii | Swamp chestnut oak | Tree | S1 | ||||
Quercus phellos | Willow oak | Tree | S2 | ||||
Quercus prinoides | Dwarf chinquapin oak | Tree | S1 | S3 | S1 | ||
Quercus shumardii | Shumard's oak | Tree | S2 | S2 | S2 | ||
Ranunculus allegheniensis | Mountain crowfoot | Forb | S3 | ||||
Ranunculus ambigens | Water-plantain buttercup | Forb | S1.1 | S3 | S1 | ||
Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus | White water-crowfoot | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Ranunculus caricetorum | Hispid buttercup | Forb | S1 | ||||
Ranunculus fascicularis | Early buttercup | Forb | S1 | S1S2 | |||
Ranunculus flabellaris | Yellow water-crowfoot | Forb | S1.1 | S1 | S2 | ||
Ranunculus flammula var. filiformis | Creeping spearwort | Forb | S1 | ||||
Ranunculus hederaceus | Long-stalked crowfoot | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Ranunculus hispidus | Bristly buttercup | Forb | S1.1 | ||||
Ranunculus laxicaulis | Mississippi buttercup | Forb | S1 | ||||
Ranunculus macounii | Macoun buttercup | Forb | S1 | ||||
Ranunculus pensylvanicus | Bristly crowfoot | Forb | S1 | ||||
Ranunculus pusillus (var. pusillus) | Low spearwort | Forb | S3 | S1 | S1 | ||
Ranunculus sceleratus (var. sceleratus) | Crused crowfoot | Forb | S2 | ||||
Ranunculus septentrionalis | Shining hispid buttercup | Forb | S1.1 | ||||
Ranunculus trichophyllus | White water-crowfoot | Forb | S1 | ||||
Ratibida pinnata | Gray-headed prairie coneflower | Forb | S1 | ||||
Rhamnus alnifolia | Alder-leaved buckthorn | Tree | S1 | S1S2 | |||
Rhamnus lanceolata | Lance-leaved buckthorn | Tree | S1 | ||||
Rhamnus lanceolata var. glabrata | Smooth lanceleaved buckthorn | Tree | S1 | ||||
Rhamnus lanceolata (ssp. lanceolata) | Lance-leaved buckthorn | Tree | S1 | ||||
Rhexia aristosa | Awned meadow beauty | Forb | S1 | ||||
Rhexia mariana (var. mariana) | Maryland meadow beauty | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Rhexia petiolata | Ciliate meadow beauty | Forb | S1 | ||||
Rhododendron arborescens | Smooth azalea | Shrub | S3 | S2 | |||
Rhododendron atlanticum | Dwarf azalea | Shrub | S3 | S1 | |||
Rhododendron calendulaceum | Flame azalea | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Rhododendron viscosum | Swamp azalea | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Rhus michauxii | Michaux’s sumac | Tree | S1 | ||||
Rhynchosia tomentosa | Hairy snoutbean | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Rhynchospora alba | White beakrush | Graminoid | S2 | S3 | S2 | ||
Rhynchospora capillacea | Capillary beaked-rush | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Rhynchospora cephalantha var. attenuata | Small capitate beakrush | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Rhynchospora cephalantha (var. cephalantha) | Capitate beakrush | Graminoid | S2 | S1 | |||
Rhynchospora colorata | White-topped sedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Rhynchospora corniculata | Short-bristle beakrush | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Rhynchospora debilis | Savannah beakrush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Rhynchospora fascicularis | Fasciculate beakrush | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Rhynchospora filifolia | Thread-leaved beakrush | Graminoid | S1.1 | ||||
Rhynchospora fusca | Brown beakrush | Graminoid | S2 | S1 | |||
Rhynchospora globularis | Grass-like beakrush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Rhynchospora glomerata | Clustered beakrush | Graminoid | S2 | S3 | |||
Rhynchospora harperi | Harper's beakrush | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Rhynchospora harveyi | Harvey’s beakrush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Rhynchospora inundata | Drowned beakrush | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Rhynchospora macrostachya (var. macrostachya) | Tall horned rush | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Rhynchospora microcephala | Tiny-headed beakrush | Graminoid | S2 | S2 | |||
Rhynchospora nitens | Short-beaked beakrush | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Rhynchospora oligantha | Few-flowered beakrush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Rhynchospora rariflora | Few-flowered beakrush | Graminoid | S1.1 | ||||
Rhynchospora recognita | Tall horned rush | Graminoid | S2 | S2 | S1 | S2 | |
Rhynchospora scirpoides | Long-beaked beakrush | Graminoid | S2 | S2 | S1 | ||
Rhynchospora stenophylla | Coastal bog beaksedge | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Rhynchospora torreyana | Torrey's beakrush | Graminoid | S2 | S2 | |||
Rhynchospora wrightiana | Wright’s beakrush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Ribes americanum | Wild black currant | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Ribes cynosbati | Prickly gooseberry | Shrub | S3 | ||||
Ribes glandulosum | Skunk currant | Shrub | S3 | ||||
Ribes hirtellum | Low wild gooseberry | Shrub | S1 | S1 | |||
Ribes lacustre | Swamp currant | Shrub | S1 | S2 | |||
Ribes missouriense | Missouri gooseberry | Shrub | S1 | S1 | |||
Ribes triste | Swamp red currant | Shrub | S2 | S1 | |||
Rorippa sessiliflora | Stalkless yellowcress | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Rosa acicularis ssp. sayi | Prickly rose | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Rosa blanda | Smooth rose | Shrub | S1 | S2 | |||
Rosa carolina | Carolina rose | Shrub | S3 | ||||
Rosa setigera | Prairie rose | Shrub | S1 | S1 | |||
Rosa virginiana | Virginia rose | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Rotala ramosior | Tooth-cup | Forb | S3 | ||||
Rubus cuneifolius | Sand blackberry | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus | Red raspberry | Shrub | S2 | ||||
Rubus odoratus | Purple-flowering raspberry | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Rubus pubescens (var. pubescens) | Dwarf red raspberry | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Rudbeckia fulgida | Orange coneflower | Forb | S3 | S3 | S2 | ||
Rudbeckia heliopsidis | Sun-facing coneflower | Forb | S1 | ||||
Rudbeckia triloba | Thin-leaved coneflower | Forb | S3 | ||||
Rudbeckia triloba var. pinnatiloba | Pinnate-lobed coneflower | Forb | S1 | ||||
Ruellia caroliniensis | Carolina wild petunia | Forb | S3 | ||||
Ruellia humilis | Hairy wild-petunia | Forb | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Ruellia pedunculata | Stalked wild-petunia | Forb | S1 | ||||
Ruellia purshiana | Pursh's ruellia | Forb | S1 | ||||
Ruellia strepens | Rustling wild-petunia | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Rumex altissimus | Tall dock | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Sabatia angularis | Square-stemmed rose pink | Forb | S3 | ||||
Sabatia campanulata | Slender marsh pink | Forb | S1 | S1 | S2 | ||
Sabatia difformis | Two-formed pink | Forb | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Sabatia dodecandra | Large marsh pink | Forb | S1 | S3 | |||
Sabatia stellaris | Sea pink | Forb | S3 | ||||
Saccharum baldwinii | Narrow plumegrass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Saccharum brevibarbe var. contortum | Bent-awn plumegrass | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Saccharum coarctatum | Bunched plumegrass | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Saccharum contortum | Bent-awn plumegrass | Graminoid | S3S4 | ||||
Sacciolepis striata | Gibbous grass | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Sagittaria calycina var. spongiosa | Arrowhead | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Sagittaria calycina (var. calycina) | Long-lobe arrowhead | Forb | S3 | S2 | S1 | S2 | |
Sagittaria cuneata | Wapatum arrowhead | Forb | S1 | ||||
Sagittaria engelmanniana | Engelmann's arrowhead | Forb | S2 | S2 | |||
Sagittaria graminea | Grassleaf arrowhead | Forb | S2 | ||||
Sagittaria lancifolia var. media | Bull-tongue arrowhead | Forb | S1.1 | ||||
Sagittaria latifolia var. pubescens | Hairy arrowhead | Forb | S3 | ||||
Sagittaria rigida | Sessile-fruited arrowhead | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Sagittaria spatulata | Tidal arrowhead | Forb | S1 | ||||
Sagittaria subulata | Strap-leaf arrowhead | Forb | S2 | S3 | |||
Salicornia bigelovii | Dwarf glasswort | Forb | S1 | ||||
Salix amygdaloides | Peach-leaved willow | Tree | S1 | ||||
Salix candida | Hoary willow | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Salix caroliniana | Carolina willow | Tree | S3 | S1 | |||
Salix discolor | Glaucous willow | Tree | S1 | S2 | |||
Salix exigua | Sandbar willow | Tree | S1 | S1 | |||
Salix humilis var. tristis | Dwarf Prairie willow | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Salix lucida (ssp. lucida) | Shining willow | Tree | S1 | ||||
Salix myricoides | Broad-leaved willow | Tree | S2 | ||||
Salix pedicellaris | Bog willow | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Salix sericea | Silky willow | Tree | S1 | ||||
Salix serissima | Autumn willow | Tree | S2 | ||||
Samolus parviflorus | Pineland pimpernel | Forb | S3 | ||||
Samolus valerandi ssp. parviflorus | Water pimpernel | Forb | S2 | ||||
Sanguisorba canadensis | Canada burnet | Forb | S2 | S2 | S2S3 | ||
Sanicula marilandica | Maryland black snakeroot | Forb | S1.1 | S3 | |||
Sanicula trifoliata | Large-fruited snakeroot | Forb | S1.1 | S3 | |||
Sarcocornia pacifica | Perennial glasswort | Forb | S3 | ||||
Sarracenia flava | Yellow pitcher-plant | Forb | S1 | ||||
Sarracenia purpurea var. venosa | Southern purple pitcher-plant | Forb | S2 | ||||
Sarracenia purpurea (var. purpurea) | Northern purple pitcherplant | Forb | S2 | S2 | |||
Saxifraga careyana | Carey saxifrage | Forb | S3 | ||||
Saxifraga caroliniana | Carolina saxifrage | Forb | S1 | ||||
Saxifraga michauxii | Michaux saxifrage | Forb | S1 | ||||
Saxifraga micranthidifolia | Lettuce-leaved saxifrage | Forb | S3 | ||||
Saxifraga pensylvanica | Swamp saxifrage | Forb | S2 | ||||
Scheuchzeria palustris | Pod-grass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Schizachne purpurascens | Purple oat | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Schizachyrium littorale | Seaside bluestem | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Schizachyrium scoparium var. littorale | Seaside bluestem | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Schizaea pusilla | Curly-grass fern | Cryptogam | S1.1 | ||||
Schoenoplectus acutus (var. acutus) | Hard-stemmed bulrush | Graminoid | S2 | S1 | S2 | ||
Schoenoplectus etuberculatus | Canby's bulrush | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Schoenoplectus fluviatilis | River bulrush | Graminoid | S3 | S2 | |||
Schoenoplectus novae-angliae | Salt-marsh bulrush | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Schoenoplectus purshianus (var. purshianus) | Bristled weakstalk bulrush | Graminoid | S2 | S3 | |||
Schoenoplectus purshianus var. williamsii | Bristleless weakstalk bulrush | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Schoenoplectus smithii | Smith's bulrush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Schoenoplectus smithii var. setosus | Smith's bristled bulrush | Graminoid | S1.1 | ||||
Schoenoplectus subterminalis | Water clubrush | Graminoid | S2 | S1 | S3 | S1S2 | |
Schoenoplectus torreyi | Torrey's bulrush | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Scirpus ancistrochaetus | Northeastern bulrush | Graminoid | S1 | S3 | S2 | S1 | |
Scirpus atrocinctus | Black-girdle bulrush | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Scirpus atrovirens | Bulrush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Scirpus expansus | Red-stem bulrush | Graminoid | S2 | S3 | |||
Scirpus flaccidifolius | Schuyler reclining bulrush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Scirpus microcarpus | Small-fruit bulrush | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Scirpus pedicellatus | Stalked bulrush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Scirpus pendulus | Pendulous bulrush | Graminoid | S2 | S3 | |||
Scleria ciliata (var. ciliata) | Fringed nutrush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Scleria minor | Slender nutrush | Graminoid | S1 | S2 | |||
Scleria muehlenbergii | Muhlenberg's nutrush | Graminoid | S1 | S1S2 | S1 | ||
Scleria nitida | Shining nutrush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Scleria oligantha | Little-headed nutrush | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Scleria pauciflora var. caroliniana | Hairy few-flowered nutrush | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Scleria pauciflora (var. pauciflora) | Smooth few-flowered nutrush | Graminoid | S1 | S3 | S2 | S1 | |
Scleria reticularis | Reticulated nutrush | Graminoid | S3 | S2S3 | |||
Scleria triglomerata | Tall nutrush | Graminoid | S2 | S1S2 | S2 | ||
Scleria verticillata | Whorled nutrush | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | S2 | ||
Sclerolepis uniflora | One-flowered bog button | #N/A | S2 | S2 | S1 | ||
Scrophularia lanceolata | Hare figwort | Forb | S3 | ||||
Scutellaria galericulata | Hooded skullcap | Forb | S1 | S1 | S1 | S1 | |
Scutellaria incana | Downy skullcap | Forb | S3 | S2 | |||
Scutellaria leonardii | Leonard's skullcap | Forb | S2 | ||||
Scutellaria nervosa | Veined skullcap | Forb | S1 | ||||
Scutellaria ovata (ssp. ovata) | Heart-leaved skullcap | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Scutellaria parvula (var. parvula) | Small skullcap | Forb | S1 | ||||
Scutellaria saxatilis | Rock skullcap | Forb | S1 | S1 | S2 | ||
Scutellaria serrata | Showy skullcap | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Sedum glaucophyllum | Cliff stonecrop | Forb | S1 | ||||
Sedum rosea | Roseroot stonecrop | Forb | S1 | ||||
Sedum telephioides | Allegheny stonecrop | Forb | S3 | ||||
Sedum ternatum | Woodland stonecrop | Forb | S2 | ||||
Selaginella apoda | Meadow spikemoss | Bryophyte | S3 | ||||
Senna marilandica | Wild senna | Subshrub | S3 | ||||
Sericocarpus linifolius | Narrow-leaved white-topped aster | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Sesuvium maritimum | Sea-purslane | Forb | S1 | ||||
Seymeria cassioides | Seymeria | #N/A | S1S2 | ||||
Shepherdia canadensis | Canada buffalo-berry | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Sibbaldiopsis tridentata | Three-toothed cinquefoil | Forb | S2 | S2 | |||
Sida elliottii | Elliott sida | Forb | S1 | ||||
Sida hermaphrodita | Virginia mallow | Forb | S1 | S2 | S1 | S3 | |
Sideroxylon lycioides | Buckthorn | #N/A | S1.1 | ||||
Silene caroliniana ssp. wherryi | Wherry's catchfly | Forb | S1 | ||||
Silene caroliniana var. pensylvanica | Northern wild pink | Forb | S1 | ||||
Silene nivea | Snowy campion | Forb | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Silene ovata | Ovate catchfly | Forb | S1 | ||||
Silene rotundifolia | Roundleaf catchfly | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Silene virginica | Fire-pink | Forb | S1 | ||||
Silene virginica var. robusta | Robust fire pink | Forb | S1 | ||||
Silphium compositum var. reniforme | Kidney-leaf rosin-weed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Silphium perfoliatum var. connatum | Virginia cup-plant | Forb | S1 | ||||
Silphium terebinthinaceum | Prairie rosinweed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Silphium trifoliatum | Three-leaved rosinweed | Forb | S3 | ||||
Sisyrinchium albidum | White blue-eyedgrass | Forb | S2 | ||||
Sisyrinchium atlanticum | Eastern blue-eyed Grass | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Sisyrinchium fuscatum (arenicola) | Coastal Plain blue-eyed grass | Forb | S1 | ||||
Sisyrinchium mucronatum | Michaux's blue-eyed-grass | Forb | S1.1 | ||||
Smallanthus uvedalius | Yellow-flowered leafcup | Forb | S3 | S3 | |||
Smilacina stellata | Star-flowered false Solomon's-seal | Forb | S1 | ||||
Smilax bona-nox | Saw greenbrier | Vine | S1 | S3 | |||
Smilax ecirrata | Upright greenbrier | Vine | S1 | ||||
Smilax hispida | weak-prickle greenbrier | Vine | S1 | ||||
Smilax pseudochina | long-stalk greenbrier | Vine | S2 | S2 | |||
Smilax walteri | Walter's greenbrier | Vine | S3 | ||||
Solidago arguta (var. arguta) | cutleaf goldenrod | Forb | S1 | ||||
Solidago arguta var. harrisii | Harris' golden-rod | Forb | S3 | S1 | S3 | ||
Solidago curtisii | Curtis' goldenrod | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Solidago erecta | Slender golden-rod | Forb | S1 | ||||
Solidago faucibus | Gorge goldenrod | Forb | S1 | ||||
Solidago gracillima | Southern bog goldenrod | Forb | S2 | ||||
Solidago latissimifolia | Elliott's goldenrod | Forb | S1 | S3 | S2 | ||
Solidago patula var. strictula | Forb | S1 | |||||
Solidago patula (var. patula) | Roundleaf goldenrod | Forb | S3 | S3 | S1 | ||
Solidago racemosa | Sticky goldenrod | Forb | S1 | ||||
Solidago randii | Rand’s goldenrod | Forb | S2S3 | ||||
Solidago rigida | Hard-leaved goldenrod | Forb | S1 | ||||
Solidago roanensis | Tenessee golden-rod | Forb | S2 | ||||
Solidago rupestris | Riverbank goldenrod | Forb | S1 | ||||
Solidago simplex ssp. randii | Mountain goldenrod | Forb | S1 | ||||
Solidago simplex ssp. randii var. racemosa | Sticky goldenrod | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Solidago simplex var. racemosa | Riverbank goldenrod | Forb | S1 | ||||
Solidago speciosa (var. speciosa) | Showy goldenrod | Forb | S2 | S2 | |||
Solidago tarda | Late goldenrod | Forb | S1.1 | ||||
Solidago tortifolia | Leafy pinewoods goldenrod | Forb | S1 | ||||
Solidago uliginosa (var. uliginosa) | Bog goldenrod | Forb | S1.1 | S3 | S2 | S2 | |
Solidago ulmifolia (var. ulmifolia) | Elm-leaf goldenrod | Forb | S2 | ||||
Sorbus americana | American mountain-ash | Tree | S3 | ||||
Sorbus decora | Showy mountain-ash | Tree | S1 | ||||
Sorghastrum elliottii | Long-bristled Indian-grass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Sparganium androcladum | Branching bur-reed | Forb | S3 | S1 | S2S3 | ||
Sparganium angustifolium | Narrow-leaf bur-reed | Forb | S2 | S1S2 | |||
Sparganium chlorocarpum | Narrow-leaf bur-reed | Forb | S1 | ||||
Sparganium erectum | Green-fruited bur-reed | Forb | S3 | ||||
Sparganium eurycarpum | Broad-fruited bur-reed | Forb | S3 | ||||
Spartina pectinata | Fresh water cordgrass | Graminoid | S1.1 | S2 | |||
Spermacoce glabra | Buttonweed | #N/A | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Sphenopholis pensylvanica | Swamp wedgescale grass | Graminoid | S1 | S2 | |||
Spiraea alba (var. alba) | Narrowleaf white spiraea | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Spiraea alba var. latifolia | Broad-leaf white spiraea | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Spiraea betulifolia | Dwarf spiraea | Shrub | S3 | S1 | |||
Spiraea virginiana | Virginia spiraea | Shrub | S1 | S1 | |||
Spiranthes casei | Case's ladies'-tresses | Forb | S1 | ||||
Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis | Southern slender ladies'-tresses | Forb | S2 | ||||
Spiranthes lacera (var. lacera) | Northern slender ladies'-tresses | Forb | S1 | ||||
Spiranthes lucida | Wide-leaved ladies' tresses | Forb | S1 | S3 | S1 | S1S2 | |
Spiranthes magnicamporum | Great Plains ladies’-tresses | Forb | S1 | ||||
Spiranthes ochroleuca | Yellow Nodding ladies' tresses | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Spiranthes ovalis | October ladies'-tresses | Forb | S1 | ||||
Spiranthes ovalis var. erostellata | Oval ladies'-tresses | Forb | S1 | ||||
Spiranthes praecox | Grass-leaved ladies' tresses | Forb | S1 | ||||
Spiranthes romanzoffiana | Hooded Ladies'-tresses | Forb | S1 | ||||
Spiranthes tuberosa | Little Ladies'-tresses | Forb | S3 | S1 | S3 | ||
Spiranthes vernalis | Spring Ladies'-tresses | Forb | S2 | S1 | S3 | ||
Sporobolus asper | Long-leaved rushgrass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Sporobolus clandestinus | Rough dropseed | Graminoid | S1 | S2 | S1 | S1 | |
Sporobolus compositus (var. compositus) | Longleaf dropseed | Graminoid | S1S2 | ||||
Sporobolus heterolepis | Northern dropseed | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Sporobolus junceus | Purple dropseed | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Sporobolus neglectus | Small dropseed | Graminoid | S2 | ||||
Stachys arenicola | Marsh hedgenettle | Forb | S1 | ||||
Stachys aspera | Rough hedge-nettle | Forb | S1 | S2 | S1 | ||
Stachys cordata | Nuttall's hedge-nettle | Forb | S1 | ||||
Stachys eplingii | Epling's hedge-nettle | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Stachys latidens | Broad-toothed hedge-nettle | Forb | S1 | ||||
Stachys nuttallii | Nuttall's hedge-nettle | Forb | S1 | S3 | |||
Stachys tenuifolia | Smooth hedge-nettle | Forb | S1.1 | S3 | |||
Steinchisma hians | Gaping panic grass | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Stellaria alsine | Trailing stitchwort | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Stellaria borealis | Mountain starwort | Forb | |||||
Stellaria borealis (ssp. borealis) | Northern stitchwort | Forb | S1S2 | S1 | |||
Stenanthium gramineum (var. gramineum) | Featherbells | Forb | S1 | S1S2 | S2S3 | ||
Stenanthium gramineum var. micranthum | Tiny-flowered featherbells | Forb | S1 | ||||
Stenanthium gramineum var. robustum | Stout featherbells | Forb | S1S2 | ||||
Stenanthium leimanthoides | Death-camas | Forb | S1 | ||||
Stewartia ovata | Mountain camellia | #N/A | S2 | ||||
Stillingia sylvatica (ssp. sylvatica) | Queen’s delight | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Stipulicida setacea (var. setacea) | Pineland scaly-pink | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Streptopus amplexifolius | White twisted-stalk | #N/A | S1 | S1 | |||
Streptopus roseus | Rose twisted-stalk | #N/A | S1S2 | ||||
Strophostyles umbellata | Wild bean | #N/A | S2 | ||||
Stylophorum diphyllum | Celandine poppy | Forb | S2 | ||||
Stylosanthes biflora | Pencilflower | #N/A | S2 | ||||
Suaeda linearis | Narrow-leaf seepweed | #N/A | S3 | S3 | |||
Sullivantia sullivantii | Sullivantia | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Swertia caroliniensis | American columbo | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Symphoricarpos albus (var. albus) | Snowberry | Forb | S1 | S2 | S2 | ||
Symphyotrichum boreale | Rush aster | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Symphyotrichum concolor | Silvery aster | Forb | S1 | ||||
Symphyotrichum cordifolium | Heart-leaf aster | Forb | S3 | ||||
Symphyotrichum depauperatum | Serpentine aster | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Symphyotrichum drummondii | Drummond aster | Forb | S1 | ||||
Symphyotrichum dumosum | Bushy aster | Forb | S1 | ||||
Symphyotrichum elliottii | Elliott’s aster | Forb | S1 | ||||
Symphyotrichum ericoides | White heath aster | Forb | S3 | ||||
Symphyotrichum laeve var. concinnum | Narrow-leaved smooth blue aster | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Symphyotrichum laeve (var. laeve) | Smooth blue aster | Forb | S1 | ||||
Symphyotrichum novi-belgii | New York aster | Forb | S2 | S2S3 | |||
Symphyotrichum ontarionis (var. ontarionis) | Ontario aster | Forb | S1 | ||||
Symphyotrichum praealtum | Willow aster | Forb | S1 | S3 | |||
Symphyotrichum praealtum var. angustior | Willow aster | Forb | S1 | ||||
Symphyotrichum pratense | Silky aster | Forb | S1 | ||||
Symphyotrichum prenanthoides | Crooked-stem aster | Forb | S1 | ||||
Symphyotrichum shortii | Short's aster | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Symplocos tinctoria | Sweetleaf | #N/A | S3 | ||||
Synandra hispidula | Guyandotte beauty | #N/A | S2 | S2 | |||
Syntrichia ammonsiana | Ammons's tortula | S1 | |||||
Taenidia integerrima | Yellow pimpernel | Forb | S1.1 | ||||
Taenidia montana | Mountain pimpernel | Forb | S2 | S1 | S3 | ||
Talinum teretifolium | Fameflower | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Taxodium ascendens | Pond cypress | Tree | S1 | ||||
Taxodium distichum | Bald cypress | Tree | S2 | ||||
Taxus canadensis | American yew | Shrub | S2 | S3S4 | S2S3 | ||
Tephrosia spicata | Southern goat's rue | Forb | S1 | ||||
Tetragonotheca helianthoides | Pineland squarehead | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Teucrium canadense var. virginicum | American germander | Forb | S3 | ||||
Thalictrum clavatum | Mountain meadow-rue | Forb | S2 | ||||
Thalictrum coriaceum | Thick-leaved meadow-rue | Forb | S2 | ||||
Thalictrum dasycarpum | Purple meadow-rue | Forb | S1 | ||||
Thalictrum dioicum | Early meadow-rue | Forb | S1 | ||||
Thalictrum macrostylum | Small-leaved meadow-rue | Forb | S1 | ||||
Thalictrum revolutum | Waxleaf meadow-rue | Forb | S1 | ||||
Thaspium barbinode | Hairy-jointed meadow-parsnip | Forb | S1 | ||||
Thaspium trifoliatum | Purple meadow-parsnip | Forb | S1 | ||||
Thelypteris simulata | Bog fern | Cryptogam | S2 | S2 | S1S2 | S1 | |
Thuja occidentalis | Arbor-vitae | #N/A | S1 | S2 | |||
Tillandsia usneoides | Spanish moss | #N/A | S2 | ||||
Tipularia discolor | Cranefly orchid | Forb | S3 | ||||
Torreyochloa pallida var. fernaldii | Fernald's mannagrass | Graminoid | S1 | S2 | |||
Torreyochloa pallida (var. pallida) | Pale mannagrass | Graminoid | S3 | S1 | |||
Toxicodendron pubescens | Poison oak | Shrub | S2 | ||||
Toxicodendron rydbergii | Giant poison-ivy | Shrub | S1 | S1 | |||
Toxicodendron vernix | Poison sumac | Tree/Shrub | S3 | S2 | |||
Trachelospermum difforme | Climbing dogbane | #N/A | S1 | S1 | |||
Tradescantia virginiana | Virginia spiderwort | Forb | S3 | ||||
Trautvetteria caroliniensis | Carolina tassel-rue | Forb | S3 | ||||
Triadenum fraseri | Northern marsh St. John's-wort | Forb | S1.1 | S1 | |||
Triadenum tubulosum | Large Marsh St. John's-wort | Forb | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Triadenum walteri | Walter St. John's-wort | Forb | S1 | ||||
Triantha glutinosa | Sticky false-asphodel | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Triantha racemosa | Coastal False-asphodel | Forb | S1 | ||||
Trichomanes boschianum | Filmy fern | Cryptogam | S1 | S1 | |||
Trichophorum planifolium | Bashful bulrush | Graminoid | S2 | S2S3 | S1 | ||
Trichostema brachiatum | False pennyroyal | Forb | S3 | ||||
Trichostema setaceum | Narrowleaf bluecurls | Forb | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | S2 |
Tridens chapmanii | Chapman's purple-top | Graminoid | S1.1 | ||||
Tridens flavus var. chapmanii | Chapman's redtop | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Trientalis borealis (subsp. borealis) | Northern starflower | Forb | S1 | ||||
Trifolium calcaricum | Running glade clover | Forb | S1 | ||||
Trifolium reflexum | Buffalo clover | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Trifolium stoloniferum | Running buffalo clover | Forb | S3 | ||||
Trifolium virginicum | Kate's mountain clover | Forb | S2S3 | S1 | S3 | ||
Triglochin striata | Three-ribbed arrow-grass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Trillium cernuum | Nodding trillium | Forb | S2 | S3 | S2 | S2 | S1 |
Trillium erectum | Ill-scented trillium | Forb | S1.1 | ||||
Trillium flexipes | Drooping trillium | Forb | S1 | S2 | S1 | S2 | |
Trillium nivale | Snow trillium | Forb | S1 | S3 | S1 | S2 | |
Trillium pusillum var. virginianum | Least trillium | Forb | S2 | S2 | S1 | ||
Triosteum angustifolium (var. angustifolium) | Yellowleaf tinker's-weed | #N/A | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Triosteum aurantiacum (var. aurantiacum) | Coffee tinker's-weed | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Triosteum perfoliatum | Perfoliate tinker's-weed | #N/A | S1.1 | ||||
Triphora trianthophora | Nodding pogonia | Forb | S1 | S1 | S1 | S2 | |
Triplasis purpurea | Purple sandgrass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Tripsacum dactyloides | Eastern gamma-grass | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Trisetum spicatum | Narrow false oats | Graminoid | S1 | S1 | |||
Trollius laxus | Spreading globeflower | Forb | S1 | ||||
Tsuga canadensis | Eastern hemlock | Tree | S1 | ||||
Typha domingensis | Southern cattail | Forb | S3 | ||||
Utricularia cornuta | Horned bladderwort | Forb | S2 | ||||
Utricularia geminiscapa | Hidden-fruited bladderwort | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Utricularia gibba | Humped bladderwort | Forb | S3 | S2 | |||
Utricularia inflata | Large swollen bladderwort | Forb | S1 | S1 | |||
Utricularia intermedia | Flat-leaved bladderwort | Forb | S2 | ||||
Utricularia juncea | Southern bladderwort | Forb | S2 | S2 | |||
Utricularia macrorhiza | Greater bladderwort | Forb | S1 | ||||
Utricularia purpurea | Purple bladderwort | Forb | S1 | S1 | S2 | ||
Utricularia resupinata | Reversed bladderwort | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Utricularia striata | Fibrous bladderwort | Forb | S3 | S1 | S1 | ||
Utricularia subulata | Zigzag bladderwort | Forb | S2 | S3 | |||
Uvularia grandiflora | Large-flowered bellwort | Forb | S1 | ||||
Uvularia pudica | Mountain bellwort | Forb | S3 | ||||
Vaccinium crassifolium | Creeping blueberry | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Vaccinium macrocarpon | Large cranberry | Shrub | S3 | S3 | S2 | S3 | |
Vaccinium myrtilloides | Velvetleaf blueberry | Shrub | S3 | S1S2 | |||
Vaccinium oxycoccos | Small cranberry | Shrub | S2 | S3 | |||
Valeriana pauciflora | Valerian | Forb | S1 | S2 | |||
Valerianella chenopodiifolia | Goose-foot cornsalad | Forb | S1 | ||||
Vallisneria americana | Tape-grass | Forb | S3 | ||||
Veratrum virginicum | Virginia bunchflower | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Verbena scabra | Sandpaper vervain | Forb | S2 | ||||
Vernonia glauca | Tawny ironweed | Forb | S3 | S1 | S1 | ||
Veronica americana | American speedwell | Forb | S1 | ||||
Veronica scutellata | Marsh speedwell | Forb | S1 | S1 | S2 | ||
Veronicastrum virginicum | Culver's-root | Forb | S1 | ||||
Viburnum lentago | Nannyberry | Shrub | S1.1 | S1 | S1S2 | ||
Viburnum nudum | Possum-haw | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Viburnum opulus var. americanum | Highbrush cranberry | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Viburnum rafinesquianum | Downy arrow-wood | Shrub | S1 | S2 | |||
Viburnum rufidulum | Rusty blackhaw | Shrub | S1 | ||||
Viburnum trilobum | Highbush-cranberry | Shrub | S1S2 | ||||
Vicia americana (ssp. americana) | American purple vetch | #N/A | S1S2 | ||||
Viola appalachiensis | Appalachian Blue violet | Forb | S2 | S3S4 | S3 | ||
Viola blanda | Smooth white violet | Forb | S3 | ||||
Viola blanda var. palustriformis | Large-leaved white violet | Forb | S1 | ||||
Viola brittoniana (var. brittoniana) | Coast violet | Forb | S3 | S1 | |||
Viola labradorica | American dog violet | Forb | S3 | ||||
Viola macloskeyi var. pallens | Smooth white violet | Forb | S1 | ||||
Viola palmata | Palmate-leaved violet | Forb | S3 | ||||
Viola pedata | Bird's-foot violet | Forb | S1 | ||||
Viola pedatifida | Crowfoot violet | Forb | S1 | ||||
Viola renifolia | Kidney-leaved white violet | Forb | S1 | ||||
Viola rostrata | Long-spurred violet | Forb | S3 | ||||
Viola rotundifolia | Roundleaf violet | Forb | S2 | ||||
Viola selkirkii | Great-spurred violet | Forb | S3S4 | ||||
Viola septentrionalis | Northern blue violet | Forb | S2 | ||||
Viola striata | Striped violet | Forb | S3 | ||||
Viola tripartita | Three-parted violet | Forb | S1 | ||||
Viola walteri | Prostrate blue violet | Forb | S2 | ||||
Vitis novae-angliae | New England grape | Vine | S1 | ||||
Vitis rupestris | Sand grape | Vine | S1 | S1 | S2 | ||
Vittaria appalachiana | Appalachian gametophyte | #N/A | S2 | S1 | |||
Wisteria frutescens | American wisteria | Vine | S2 | ||||
Wolffia columbiana | Columbia water-meal | Forb | S3 | S1 | S1 | ||
Wolffia papulifera | Water-meal | Forb | S2 | ||||
Wolffia punctata | Dotted water-meal | Forb | S2 | ||||
Wolffiella gladiata | Bog-mat | Forb | S2 | ||||
Woodsia appalachiana | Allegheny cliff fern | Cryptogam | S2 | ||||
Woodsia ilvensis | Rusty woodsia | Cryptogam | S1 | S2 | |||
Woodsia obtusa (subsp. obtusa) | blunt-lobe woodsia | Cryptogam | S1 | ||||
Woodwardia areolata | Netted chainfern | Cryptogam | S2 | S2 | |||
Xerophyllum asphodeloides | Eastern turkeybeard | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Xyris caroliniana | Carolina yelloweyed-grass | Forb | S1 | ||||
Xyris difformis var. curtissii | Curtiss’ yelloweyed-grass | Forb | S1 | ||||
Xyris fimbriata | Fringed yelloweyed-grass | Forb | S1 | S1 | S1 | ||
Xyris laxifolia var. iridifolia | Irisleaf yelloweyed-grass | Forb | S1 | ||||
Xyris platylepis | Tall yelloweyed-grass | Forb | S2 | ||||
Xyris smalliana | Small's yelloweyed-grass | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Xyris torta | Twisted yelloweyed-grass | Forb | S3 | S1 | S2 | ||
Zannichellia palustris | Horned pondweed | Forb | S2 | S1 | |||
Zanthoxylum americanum | Northern prickly-ash | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Zenobia pulverulenta | Dusty zenobia | #N/A | S1 | ||||
Zephyranthes atamasca | Atamasco lily | Forb | S1 | ||||
Zigadenus densus | Dense-flowered camas | Forb | S1 | ||||
Zigadenus elegans ssp. glaucus | White camas | Forb | S1 | ||||
Zigadenus glaberrimus | Large-flowered camas | Forb | S1 | ||||
Zigadenus glaucus | White camas | Forb | S1 | ||||
Zigadenus leimanthoides | Oceanorus | Forb | S1 | S3 | |||
Zizania aquatica | Indian wild rice | Graminoid | S3 | ||||
Zizaniopsis miliacea | Southern wild rice | Graminoid | S1 | ||||
Zizia aptera | Wingless alexander | Forb | S1 | ||||
Zizia aurea | Golden alexander | Forb | S2 | S3 | |||
Zornia bracteata | Viperina | Forb | S1 | ||||
Zostera marina var. stenophylla | Eel-grass | Graminoid | S1 |
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chamberlain, S.J., Wardrop, D.H., Fennessy, M.S., DeBerry, D. (2013). Hydrophytes in the Mid-Atlantic Region: Ecology, Communities, Assessment, and Diversity. In: Brooks, R., Wardrop, D. (eds) Mid-Atlantic Freshwater Wetlands: Advances in Wetlands Science, Management, Policy, and Practice. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5596-7_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5596-7_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-5595-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-5596-7
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)