Skip to main content

Theoretical Foundations for Understanding Boundaries in Landscape Mosaics

  • Chapter
Landscape Boundaries

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 92))

Abstract

Boundaries are often the most conspicuous features on land, yet our understanding of boundaries depends largely on how we perceive land. Does one focus on (1) a boundaryless pattern of gradients (analogous to certain impressionist paintings), (2) patches in a mosaic, (3) a network of corridors, or (4) boundaries or edges in a mosaic? All approaches lead to understanding of landscapes (e.g., Curtis 1959, Godron 1966, Harris 1984, Saunders et al. 1987, Merriam 1990); the last, however, leads to deeper insight into the structure and functional roles of boundaries. Wildlife biologists and ecologists have best understood this view, developing management strategies for high densities of game in edges (Leopold 1933, Giles 1978, Thomas 1979, Noss 1983).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Allen TFH, Starr T (1982) Hierarchy perspectives for ecological complexity. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Ambrose JP (1987) Dynamics of ecological boundary phenomena along the borders of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Ph.D. thesis. University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballard JT (1979) Fluxes of water and energy through the Pine Barrens ecosystems. In Forman RTT (ed) Pine barrens: ecosystem and landscape. Academic Press, New York, pp 133–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett AF (1991) Roads, roadsides and wildlife conservation: a review. In Saunders DA, Hobbs R (eds) Nature conservation: the role of corridors. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, Australia, pp 99–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Braakhekke WG, Braakhekke-Ilsink EI (1976) Nitrophile Saumgesellschaften im Sudosten der Niederlande. Vegetatio 32:55–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brandie JR, Hintz DL, Sturrock JW (eds) (1988) Windbreak technology. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandt J, Agger P (eds) (1984) Proceedings of the first international seminar on methodology in landscape ecology research and planning. 5 vols. Roskilde Uni-versitetsforlag GeoRuc, Roskilde, Denmark, pp 118

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandt J, Agger P (eds) (1984) Proceedings of the first international seminar on methodology in landscape ecology research and planning. 5 vols. Roskilde Uni-versitetsforlag GeoRuc, Roskilde, Denmark, pp 150

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandt J, Agger P (eds) (1984) Proceedings of the first international seminar on methodology in landscape ecology research and planning. 5 vols. Roskilde Uni-versitetsforlag GeoRuc, Roskilde, Denmark, pp 153

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandt J, Agger P (eds) (1984) Proceedings of the first international seminar on methodology in landscape ecology research and planning. 5 vols. Roskilde Uni-versitetsforlag GeoRuc, Roskilde, Denmark, pp 171

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandt J, Agger P (eds) (1984) Proceedings of the first international seminar on methodology in landscape ecology research and planning. 5 vols. Roskilde Uni-versitetsforlag GeoRuc, Roskilde, Denmark, pp 235

    Google Scholar 

  • Buechner M (1987a) Conservation in insular parks: simulation models of factors affecting the movement of animals across park boundaries. Biol Conserv 41: 57–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buechner M (1987b) A geometric model of vertebrate dispersal: tests and implications. Ecology 68:310–318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burel F, Baudry J (1990) Hedgerow network patterns and processes in France. In Zonneveld IS, Forman RTT (eds) Changing landscapes: An ecological perspective. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 99–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Burrough PA (1981) Fractal dimensions of landscapes and other environmental data. Nature 294:241–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Canny MJ (1981) A universe comes into being when a space is severed: some properties of boundaries in open systems. Proc Ecol Soc Australia 11:1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Crumley CL (1987) Historical ecology. In Crumley CL, Marquardt WH (eds) Regional dynamics: Burgundian landscapes in historical perspective. Academic Press, New York, pp 237–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtis JT (1959) The vegetation of Wisconsin: an ordination of plant communities. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Castri F, Hansen AJ, Holland MM (eds) (1988) A new look at ecotones: emerging international projects on landscape boundaries. News Magazine, Special Publication Number 17, International Union of Biological Sciences, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Dierschke H (1974) Saumgesellschaften im Vegetations—und Standortsgefalle an Waldrandern. Verlag Erich Goltze KG, Gottingen, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Fahrig L, Merriam G (1985) Habitat patch connectivity and population survival. Ecology 66:1762–1768

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finean JB, Coleman R, Michell RH (1984) Membranes and their cellular functions. Blackwell, Oxford, England

    Google Scholar 

  • Forman RTT (ed) (1979) Pine barrens: ecosystem and landscape. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Forman RTT (1983) Corridors in a landscape: their ecological structure and function. Ekologia (Czechoslovakia) 2:375–387

    Google Scholar 

  • Forman RTT (1990a) Ecologically sustainable landscapes: the role of spatial configuration. In Zonneveld IS, Forman RTT (eds) Changing landscapes: an ecological perspective. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 261–278

    Google Scholar 

  • Forman RTT (1990b) Landscape ecology plans for managing forests. In DeGraaf RM, Healy WM (compilers) Is forest fragmentation a management issue in the Northeast? U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, General Technical Report NE-140, Radnor, Pennsylvania, pp 27–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Forman RTT (1991) Landscape corridors: from theoretical foundations to public policy. In Saunders D, Hobbs R (eds) Nature conservation: the role of corridors. Surrey Beatty, Chipping Norton, Australia, pp 71–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Forman RTT, Galli AE, Leck CF (1976) Forest size and avian diversity in New Jersey woodlots with some land use implications. Oecologia 26:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forman RTT, Godron M (1984) Landscape ecology principles and landscape function. In Brandt J, Agger P (eds) Proceedings of the first international seminar on methodology in landscape ecological research and planning. Vol. 5. Roskilde Universitetsforlag GeoRuc, Roskilde, Denmark, pp 4–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Forman RTT, Godron M (1986) Landscape ecology. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Franklin JF, Forman RTT (1987) Creating landscape patterns by logging: ecological consequences and principles. Landscape Ecol 1:5–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fritts SH, Mech LD (1981) Dynamics, movements, and feeding ecology of a newly protected wolf population in Minnesota. Wildlife Monogr 80:5–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Galli AE, Leck CF, Forman RTT (1976) Avian distribution patterns within different sized forest islands in central New Jersey. Auk 93:356–364

    Google Scholar 

  • Gates JE, Mosher JA (1981) A functional approach to estimating habitat edge width for birds. Amer Midi Nat 105:189–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geiger R (1965) The climate near the ground. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts

    Google Scholar 

  • Giles RH Jr (1978) Wildlife management. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Godron M (1966) Application de la théorie de l’information a l’étude de l’homogenéité et de la structure de la végétation. Oecologia Plantarum 1:187–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Godron M (1982) L’étude du “grain” de la structure de la végétation: application à quelques exemples mediterranéens. Ecologia Mediterranea 8:191–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Godron M, Forman RTT (1983) Landscape modification and changing ecological characteristics. In Mooney HA, Godron M (eds) Disturbance and ecosystems: components of response. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 12–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorham E, Vitousek PM, Reiners WA (1979) The regulation of chemical budgets over the course of terrestrial ecosystem succession. Ann Rev Ecol and Systematics 10:53–84

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hardt RA, Forman RTT (1989) Boundary form effects on woody colonization of reclaimed surface mines. Ecology 70:1252–1260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harms B, Opdam P (1990) Woods as habitat patches for birds: application in landscape planning in The Netherlands. In Zonneveld IS, Forman RTT (eds) Changing landscapes: an ecological perspective. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 73–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris LD (1984) The fragmented forest: island biogeography theory and the preservation of biotic diversity. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris LD, Gallagher PB (1989) New initiatives for wildlife conservation: the need for movement corridors. In Mackintosh G (ed) Preserving communities and corridors. Defenders of Wildlife, Washington, D.C., pp 11–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris LD, Kangas P (1979) Designing future landscapes from principles of form and function. In Our national landscape: techniques for analyzing and management of visual resources. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report PSW-35. pp 725–729

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison R, Lunt GG (1980) Biological membranes: their structure and function. Blackie, Glasgow, Scotland

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoskins WG (1955) The making of the English landscape. Penguin, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs P, Munro DA (eds) (1987) Conservation with equity: strategies for sustainable development. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson WC (1988) Estimating dispersibility of Acer, Fraxinus and Tilia in fragmented landscapes from patterns of seedling establishment. Landscape Ecol 1:175–187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kendeigh SC (1944) Measurement of bird populations. Ecol Monogr 14:67–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leopold A (1933) Game management. Scribners, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowrance R, Todd R, Fail J Jr, Hendrickson O Jr, Leonard R, Asmussen L (1984) Riparian forests as nutrient filters in agricultural watersheds. BioScience 34:374–377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Margalef R (1963) On certain unifying principles in ecology. Am Nat 97:357–374

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matheron G (1965) Les variables regionalisées et leur estimation. Masson, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonnell MJ, Stiles EW (1983) The structural complexity of old field vegetation and the recruitment of bird-dispersed plant species. Oecologia 56:109–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meentemeyer V, Box EO (1987) Scale effects in landscape studies. In Turner MG (ed) Landscape heterogeneity and disturbance. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 15–33

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Merriam G (1984) Connectivity: a fundamental characteristic of landscape pattern. In Brandt J, Agger P (eds) Proceedings of the first international seminar on methodology in landscape ecological research and planning. Vol. 1. Roskilde Universitetsforlag GeoRuc, Roskilde, Denmark, pp 5–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Merriam G (1990) Ecological processes in the time and space of farmland mosaics. In Zonneveld IS, Forman RTT (eds) Changing landscapes: an ecological perspective. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 121–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller DH (1977) Water at the surface of the earth: an introduction to ecosystem hydrodynamics. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Milne BT (1988) Measuring the fractal geometry of landscapes. Appi Math and Comput 27:67–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milne, BT, Forman RTT (1986) Peninsulas in Maine: woody plant diversity, distance, and environmental patterns. Ecology 67:967–974

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milne BT, Johnston KM, Forman RTT (1989) Scale-dependent proximity of wildlife habitat in a spatially-neutral Bayesian model. Landscape Ecol 2:101—110

    Google Scholar 

  • Mueller-Dombois D, Ellenberg H (1974) Aims and methods of vegetation ecology. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Naveh Z, Lieberman AS (1984) Landscape ecology: theory and application. Springer-Verlag, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholis G, Prigogine I (1977) Self-organization in non-equilibrium systems. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Noss RF (1983) A regional landscape approach to maintain diversity. BioScience 33:700–706

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill RV, Krummel JR, Gardner RH, Sugihara G, Jackson B, DeAngelis DL, Milne BT, Turner MG, Zygmunt B, Christensen SW, Dale VH, Graham RL (1988) Indices of landscape pattern. Landscape Ecol 1:153–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pickett STA (1982) Population patterns through twenty years of old-field succession. Vegetatio 49:45–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Platt J (1969) Theories on boundaries in hierarchical systems. In Whyte LL, Wilson AG, Wilson D (eds) Hierarchical structures. Elsevier, New York, pp 201–213

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranney JW, Bruner MC, Levenson JB (1981) The importance of edge in the structure and dynamics of forest islands. In Burgess RL, Sharpe DM (eds) Forest island dynamics in man-dominated landscapes. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 67–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Regier HA, Baskerville GL (1986) Sustainable development of regional ecosystems degraded by exploitive development. In Clark WC, Munn RE (eds) Sustainable development of the biosphere. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 75–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Risser PG (1990) Landscape pattern and its effects on energy and nutrient distribution. In Zonneveld IS, Forman RTT (eds) Changing landscapes: an ecological perspective. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 45–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Risser PG, Karr JR, Forman RTT (1983) Landscape ecology: directions and approaches. Special Publication Number 2. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois, 18 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Saunders DA, Arnold GW, Burbidge AA, Hopkins AJM (eds) (1987) Nature conservation: the role of remnants of native vegetation. Surrey Beatty, Sydney, Australia

    Google Scholar 

  • Schonewald-Cox CM (1988) Boundaries in the protection of nature reserves. BioScience 38:480–486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schonewald-Cox CM, Bayless JW (1986) The boundary model: a geographic analysis of design and conservation of nature reserves. Biol Conserv 38:305–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Temple SA, Carey JR (1988) Modeling dynamics of habitat-interior bird populations in fragmented landscapes. Conserv Biol 2:340–347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas JW (ed) (1979) Wildlife habitats in managed forests: the Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Agricultural Handbook 553, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tjallingii SP, De Veer AA (eds) (1981) Perspectives in landscape ecology: proceedings of the international congress organized by the Netherlands Society for Landscape Ecology, Veldhoven, 1981. Pudoc Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner MG (ed) (1987) Landscape heterogeneity and disturbance. Springer-Verlag, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner MG (1989) Landscape ecology. Ann Rev Ecol and Systematics 20:171–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tuxen R (1967) Ausdauernde nitrophile Saumgesellschaften Mitteleuropas. Contributions Botaniques de Cluj (Romania), pp 431–453

    Google Scholar 

  • Wales BA (1972) Vegetation analysis of northern and southern edges in a mature oak—hickory forest. Ecol Monogr 42:451–471

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weissmann G, Claiborne R (eds) (1975) Cell membranes: biochemistry, cell biology, and pathology. HP Publishing, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiens JA, Crawford CS, Gosz JR (1986) Boundary dynamics: a conceptual framework for studying landscape ecosystems. Oikos 45:421–427

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcove DS (1985) Nest predation in forest tracts and the decline of migratory songbirds. Ecology 66:1211–1214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilmanns O, Brun-Hool J (1982) Irish mantel and saum vegetation. J Life Sci Royal Dublin Soc 3:165–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodmansee RG (1990) Biogeochemical cycles and ecological hierarchies. In Zonneveld IS, Forman RTT (eds) Changing landscapes: an ecological perspective. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 57–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Yahner RH (1988) Changes in wildlife communities near edges. Conserv Biol 2:333–339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zonneveld IS, Forman RTT (eds) (1990) Changing landscapes: an ecological perspective. Springer-Verlag, New York

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Forman, R.T.T., Moore, P.N. (1992). Theoretical Foundations for Understanding Boundaries in Landscape Mosaics. In: Hansen, A.J., di Castri, F. (eds) Landscape Boundaries. Ecological Studies, vol 92. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2804-2_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2804-2_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7677-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-2804-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics