Abstract
Circumcision is a universal practice that is greatly influenced by cultural and religious traditions. It is the most frequent operation on males not only in Islamic countries, but also other parts of the world [1, 2]. For example, in the USA more than one million male infants are circumcised each year [3]. It is estimated that one-third of the global male population is circumcised [4, 5].
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Notes
- 1.
Seligman, C. G. 1913. “Aspects of the Hamitic Problem of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.” Journal of the Royal Anthropologica Institute XLII: 639-46
- 2.
Hayes, Rose Oldfield. 1975. “Female Genital Mutilation: fertility control, women’s roles, and the patrilineage in moder Sudan: a functional analysis.” American Ethnologist 2/4: 617-33
- 3.
Stewart, Rosemary, “Female Circumcision: Implications for North American Nurses,” in Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, vol. 35, no. 4, 1997, p. 35
- 4.
Ibn Maja’s sunnas. Muhammad Fuad Abd al-Baqi, ed. Egypt: Dar Ihya al-Kutub al- Arabiyya, 1372 AH
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El-Sheemy, M.S., Ziada, A.M. (2012). Islam and Circumcision. In: Bolnick, D., Koyle, M., Yosha, A. (eds) Surgical Guide to Circumcision. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2858-8_24
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