Abstract
Amide proton transfer (APT) imaging is a novel molecular MRI technique that can provide endogenous contrast related to mobile protein content in tissue. The preclinical studies and pilot clinical data have shown initial potential for APT imaging to assess brain tumors, such as differentiating between tumor and peritumoral edema, separating high- from low-grade gliomas, and distinguishing between active tumor and radiation necrosis. In this chapter, we briefly introduce the basic principle of APT imaging and overview its current applications for brain tumor assessment in animal models and in patients.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Kelly PJ, Daumas-Duport C, Kispert DB, Kall BA, Scheithauer BW, Illig JJ. Imaging-based stereotaxic serial biopsies in untreated intracranial glial neoplasms. J Neurosurg. 1987;66(6):865–74.
Scott JN, Brasher PM, Sevick RJ, Rewcastle NB, Forsyth PA. How often are nonenhancing supratentorial gliomas malignant? A population study. Neurology. 2002;59:947–9.
Segall HD, Destian S, Nelson MD. CT and MR imaging in malignant gliomas. In: Apuzzo MLJ, editor. Malignant cerebral glioma. Park Ridge, IL: American Association of Neurological Surgeons; 1990. p. 63–78.
Knopp EA, Cha S, Johnson G, et al. Glial neoplasms: dynamic contrast-enhanced T2*-weighted MR imaging. Radiology. 1999;211(3):791–8.
Hasebroock KM, Serkova NJ. Toxicity of MRI and CT contrast agents. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2009;5(4):403–16.
Ersoy H, Rybicki FJ. Biochemical safety profiles of gadolinium-based extracellular contrast agents and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2007;26(5):1190–7.
Zhou J, Payen J, Wilson DA, Traystman RJ, van Zijl PCM. Using the amide proton signals of intracellular proteins and peptides to detect pH effects in MRI. Nat Med. 2003;9:1085–90.
Zhou J, Lal B, Wilson DA, Laterra J, van Zijl PC. Amide proton transfer (APT) contrast for imaging of brain tumors. Magn Reson Med. 2003;50(6):1120–6.
Jia G, Abaza R, Williams JD, et al. Amide proton transfer MR imaging of prostate cancer: a preliminary study. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2011;33(3):647–54.
Jones CK, Schlosser MJ, van Zijl PC, Pomper MG, Golay X, Zhou J. Amide proton transfer imaging of human brain tumors at 3T. Magn Reson Med. 2006;56(3):585–92.
Wen Z, Hu S, Huang F, et al. MR imaging of high-grade brain tumors using endogenous protein and peptide-based contrast. Neuroimage. 2010;51(2):616–22.
Zhou J, Blakeley JO, Hua J, et al. Practical data acquisition method for human brain tumor amide proton transfer (APT) imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2008;60(4):842–9.
Sun PZ, Zhou J, Sun W, Huang J, van Zijl PCM. Detection of the ischemic penumbra using pH-weighted MRI. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2007;27:1129–36.
Zhao X, Wen Z, Huang F, et al. Saturation power dependence of amide proton transfer image contrasts in human brain tumors and strokes at 3 T. Magn Reson Med. 2011;66:1033–41.
Forsen S, Hoffman RA. Study of moderately rapid chemical exchange reactions by means of nuclear magnetic double resonance. J Chem Phys. 1963;39:2892–901.
Ward KM, Aletras AH, Balaban RS. A new class of contrast agents for MRI based on proton chemical exchange dependent saturation transfer (CEST). J Magn Reson. 2000;143(1):79–87.
Sherry AD, Woods M. Chemical exchange saturation transfer contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2008;10:391–411.
Terreno E, Castelli DD, Aime S. Encoding the frequency dependence in MRI contrast media: the emerging class of CEST agents. Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 2010;5(2):78–98.
van Zijl PCM, Yadav NN. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST): what is in a name and what isn’t? Magn Reson Med. 2011;65:927–48.
Zhou J, van Zijl PC. Chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging and spectroscopy. Prog NMR Spectsc. 2006;48:109–36.
Hua J, Jones CK, Blakeley J, Smith SA, van Zijl PC, Zhou J. Quantitative description of the asymmetry in magnetization transfer effects around the water resonance in the human brain. Magn Reson Med. 2007;58(4):786–93.
Goplen D, Wang J, Enger PO, et al. Protein disulfide isomerase expression is related to the invasive properties of malignant glioma. Cancer Res. 2006;66(20): 9895–902.
Niclou SP, Fack F, Rajcevic U. Glioma proteomics: status and perspectives. J Proteomics. 2010;73(10):1823–38.
Salhotra A, Lal B, Laterra J, Sun PZ, van Zijl PCM, Zhou J. Amide proton transfer imaging of 9L gliosarcoma and human glioblastoma xenografts. NMR Biomed. 2008;21:489–97.
Stupp R, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, et al. Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(10):987–96.
Maier SE, Sun Y, Mulkern RV. Diffusion imaging of brain tumors. NMR Biomed. 2010;23(7):849–64.
Wippold 2nd FJ, Lammle M, Anatelli F, Lennerz J, Perry A. Neuropathology for the neuroradiologist: palisades and pseudopalisades. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006;27(10):2037–41.
Xu Z, Marko NF, Angelov L, et al. Impact of preexisting tumor necrosis on the efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of brain metastases in women with breast cancer. Cancer. 2011;118(5): 1323–33.
Kumar AJ, Leeds NE, Fuller GN, et al. Malignant gliomas: MR imaging spectrum of radiation therapy- and chemotherapy-induced necrosis of the brain after treatment. Radiology. 2000;217(2):377–84.
Brandsma D, Stalpers L, Taal W, Sminia P, van den Bent MJ. Clinical features, mechanisms, and management of pseudoprogression in malignant gliomas. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(5):453–61.
Yaman E, Buyukberber S, Benekli M, et al. Radiation induced early necrosis in patients with malignant gliomas receiving temozolomide. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2010;112(8):662–7.
Graves EE, Nelson SJ, Vigneron DB, et al. Serial proton MR spectroscopic imaging of recurrent malignant gliomas after gamma knife radiosurgery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2001;22:613–24.
Sugahara T, Korogi Y, Tomiguchi S, et al. Posttherapeutic intraaxial brain tumor: The value of perfusion-sensitive contrast-enhanced MR imaging for differentiating tumor recurrence from nonneoplastic contrast-enhancing tissue. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21:901–9.
Galban CJ, Chenevert TL, Meyer CR, et al. The parametric response map is an imaging biomarker for early cancer treatment outcome. Nat Med. 2009;15: 572–6.
Wang S, Chen Y, Lal B, et al. Evaluation of radiation necrosis and malignant glioma in rat models using diffusion tensor MR imaging. J Neurooncol. 2011;107(1):51–60. doi:10.1007/s11060-011-0719-x.
Yang I, Aghi MK. New advances that enable identification of glioblastoma recurrence. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2009;6:648–57.
Wang SL, Wu EX, Qiu DQ, Leung LHT, Lau HF, Khong PL. Longitudinal diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging study of radiation-induced white matter damage in a rat model. Cancer Res. 2009;69:1190–8.
Burger PC, Dubois PJ, Schold Jr SC, et al. Computerized tomographic and pathologic studies of the untreated, quiescent, and recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. J Neurosurg. 1983;58(2):159–69.
Howe FA, Barton SJ, Cudlip SA, et al. Metabolic profiles of human brain tumors using quantitative in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med. 2003;49(2):223–32.
Hobbs SK, Shi G, Homer R, Harsh G, Atlas SW, Bednarski MD. Magnetic resonance image-guided proteomics of human glioblastoma multiforme. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2003;18(5):530–6.
Zhou J, Tryggestad E, Wen Z, et al. Differentiation between glioma and radiation necrosis using molecular magnetic resonance imaging of endogenous proteins and peptides. Nat Med. 2011;17(1):130–4.
Wong J, Armour E, Kazanzides P, et al. High-resolution, small animal radiation research platform with X-ray tomographic guidance capabilities. Int J Radiant Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;71:1591–9.
Macdonald DR, Cascino TL, Schold Jr SC, Cairncross JG. Response criteria for phase II studies of supratentorial malignant glioma. J Clin Oncol. 1990;8(7):1277–80.
Jones CK, Polders D, Hua J, et al. In vivo 3D whole-brain pulsed steady state chemical exchange saturation transfer at 7T. Magn Reson Med. 2012;67(6):1579–89.
Zhu H, Jones CK, van Zijl PC, Barker PB, Zhou J. Fast 3D chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging of the human brain. Magn Reson Med. 2010;64(3):638–44.
Keupp J, Baltes C, Harvey PR, van den Brink J. Parallel RF transmission based MRI technique for highly sensitive detection of amide proton transfer in the human brain. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 19th annual meeting ISMRM 2011; Montreal.
Mougin OE, Coxon RC, Pitiot A, Gowland PA. Magnetization transfer phenomenon in the human brain at 7 T. Neuroimage. 2010;49(1):272–81.
Acknowledgements
This study was supported in part by grants from NIH (EB009112, EB009731, EB015032, and RR015241).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wang, S., Jarso, S., van Zijl, P.C.M., Zhou, J. (2014). Role of Amide Proton Transfer (APT)-MRI of Endogenous Proteins and Peptides in Brain Tumor Imaging. In: Pillai, J. (eds) Functional Brain Tumor Imaging. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5858-7_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5858-7_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-5857-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-5858-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)