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Physical Activity and Cancer

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Cancer and Energy Balance, Epidemiology and Overview

Part of the book series: Energy Balance and Cancer ((EBAC,volume 2))

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Abstract

This chapter provides a synopsis of conclusions from existing epidemiologic literature on the association between physical activity and cancer risk and considers potential biological mechanisms underlying observed associations. Understanding the relationships between physical activity and risk of cancer will offer clues to the etiologic underpinnings of cancer development that should have important public health implications. Case–control studies and cohort studies, which provide most of the epidemiological evidence on physical activity and cancer risk, usually rely on widely varying self-reported measures of activity. Ideally, activity levels are represented by type (recreational or occupational), duration, frequency, and intensity of activity. The overall health benefits of participating in regular physical activity are widely documented and include reductions in risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, obesity, depression, fatigue, and reduced overall mortality rates. The evidence linking physical activity and cancer risk is quite strong for breast cancer and colon cancer. Evidence that physical activity influences endometrial cancer is increasing. Results are still not confirmed or are conflicting for cancer at other sites. Although it is clear that public health recommendations for appropriate changes in activity levels are needed, we have no exact physical activity prescriptions to give the public. Many questions remain to be answered: What are the ages when physical activity provides its greatest benefit? What types of activity will provide the greatest protection against cancer? What activity patterns (intensity, frequency and/or duration of activity) are optimal? Knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the relationship between physical activity and each cancer type will be important in understanding the etiology of these cancers and in formulating public health recommendations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cancer Etiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA

    Leslie Bernstein

  2. Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA

    Yani Lu

  3. Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Yani Lu

  4. Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population, Sciences Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA

    Katherine D. Henderson

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  1. Leslie Bernstein
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Correspondence to Leslie Bernstein .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Center for Science, Health & Society, Case Western Reserve University, Euclid Ave. 10900, Cleveland, 44106, Ohio, USA

    Nathan A. Berger

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Bernstein, L., Lu, Y., Henderson, K.D. (2010). Physical Activity and Cancer. In: Berger, N. (eds) Cancer and Energy Balance, Epidemiology and Overview. Energy Balance and Cancer, vol 2. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5515-9_7

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