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DNA Markers: Development And Application For Genetic Improvement Of Coffee

  • Chapter
Genomics-Assisted Crop Improvement

Abstract

Coffee tree belongs to the genus Coffea, comprising of two main cultivated species C. arabica L. (the only tetraploid species with 2n = 4x = 44) and C. canephora Pierre ex A. Forehner (diploid, 2n = 2x = 22), yielding arabica and robusta types of coffee, respectively. In addition, there are ~100 diploid, wild, coffee species many of which hybridize readily with each other. These provide a rich and valuable source of desirable genetic variability for improvement of cultivated coffee germplasm. Arabica coffee is known for excellent cup quality but suffers from a narrow genetic base due to its domestication history and susceptibility for diseases and pests. In contrast, robusta coffee though poor in quality has better adaptability to various biotic/abiotic stresses. To meet the ever-changing demands of the environment and also of the sensibilities of market, there is a continuous need for genetic improvement of coffee, which unfortunately is severely constrained owing to inherently slow pace of tree breeding using conventional methods compounded with a general lack of genetic markers, screening and selection tools. The overall experience in India and worldwide from onerous conventional breeding efforts to develop new evolved coffee varieties has been rather frustrating with only few successes. The situation warrants recourse to newer, easy and efficient practical alternatives/technologies that can surmount the above problems and provide acceleration, reliability and directionality to the breeding efforts. In this context, development/utilization of: genomic variations based DNA markers, molecular linkage maps and markers-assisted breeding approaches that provide high-genetic resolution and new hopes and possibilities for genetic improvement of difficult species like coffee has become essential, a realization dawned on coffee research community rather recently. This chapter gives a brief overview of the worldwide efforts undertaken in recent years to develop, use and integrate DNA marker tools/technologies in coffee genetics research. It also provides few thoughts about future needs and perspectives to fully harness the potential of DNA marker based applications in managing and utilizing the available germplasm resources, construction of linkage maps, QTL mapping and genetic improvement of coffee.

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  1. Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500 007, India

    Prasad S. Hendre & Ramesh K. Aggarwal

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  1. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India

    Rajeev K. Varshney

  2. University of Bologna, Italy

    Roberto Tuberosa

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Hendre, P.S., Aggarwal, R.K. (2007). DNA Markers: Development And Application For Genetic Improvement Of Coffee. In: Varshney, R.K., Tuberosa, R. (eds) Genomics-Assisted Crop Improvement. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6297-1_15

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