Skip to main content

Kinetics of Filamentous Growth and Branching

  • Chapter
The Growing Fungus

Abstract

Both Chapters 14 and 15 are concerned with quantification of fungal growth and morphology. This is frequently necessary for purely practical or technical reasons. For example, many physiological studies require information on the specific rate of growth or biomass yield. Similarly, large-scale industrial fermentations involving filamentous fungi can only be operated and controlled efficiently on the basis of quantitative information on, for example, changes in substrate, biomass and product concentrations. The ability to predict such changes accurately is a reflection of our understanding of the physiological mechanisms controlling growth. An elementary knowledge of microbial growth would enable the prediction that, during growth, biomass concentration will increase with time and substrate concentration will decrease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adams, H.L. and Thomas, C.R. (1988) The use of image analysis for morphological measurements on filamentous microorganisms. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 32, 707–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Banks, G.T. (1977) Aeration of mould and streptomycete culture fluids, in Topics in Enzyme and Fermentation Biotechnology, Vol. 1, (ed. A. Wiseman) Ellis Horwood, Chichester pp. 72–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, G.M. (1961) Growth of hyphal branching systems in Coprinus disseminatus. Annals of Botany, 25, 341–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, G.M. (1984) Colony ontogeny in basidiomycetes, in The Ecology and Physiology of the Fungal Mycelium, (eds. D.H. Jennings and A.D.M. Rayner), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 53–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dabes, J.N., Finn, R.K. and Wilke, C.R. (1973) Equations of substrate-limited growth: the case for Blackman kinetics. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 15, 1159–77.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edelstein, L. and Hadar, Y. (1983) A model for pellet size distributions in submerged cultures. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 105, 427–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, S. (1950) The growth phase in Neurospora corresponding to the logarithmic phase in unicellular organisms. Journal of Bacteriology, 60, 221–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gooday, G.W. and Trinci, A.P.J. (1980) Wall structure and biosynthesis in fungi. Symposia of the Society for General Microbiology, 30, 207–51.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gow, N.A.R. and Gooday, G.W. (1982) Growth kinetics and morphology of colonies of the filamentous form of Candida albicans. Journal of General Microbiology, 128, 2187–94.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granade, T.C., Hehmann, M.F. and Arris, W.M. (1985) Monitoring of filamentous fungal growth by in situ microspectrophotometry, fragmented mycelium absorbance density, and 14C incorporation: alternatives to mycelial dry weight. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 49, 101–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, D.I. and Morris, B.M. (1992) A low cost video analysis system for the BBC Master computer. Binary, 4, 58–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, S.A., Sharma, P., Clarke, K.R. and Macdonald, I. (1980) Control of hyphal orientation in colonies of Mucor hiemalis. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 75, 177–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inch, M.M. and Trinci, A.P.J. (1987) Effects of water activity on growth and sporulation of Paecilomyces farinosus in liquid and solid media. Journal of General Microbiology, 133, 247–52.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, C.L., Lonergan, G.T. and Mainwaring, D.E. (1993a) A rapid method for the fractal analysis of fungal colony growth using image processing. Binary, 5, 171–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, C.L., Lonergan, G.T. and Mainwaring, D.E. (1993b) Mycelial fragment size distribution: an analysis based on fractal geometry. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 39, 242–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, P., Shahab, B.A., Trinci, A.P.J. and Moore, D. (1989) Effect of polymeric additives, especially Junlon and Hostacerin, on the growth of some basidiomycetes in submerged culture. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 90, 577–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katz, D., Goldstein, D. and Rosenberger, R.F. (1972) Model for branch initiation in Aspergillus nidulans based on measurement of growth parameters. Journal of Bacteriology, 109, 1097–100.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koch, A.L. (1975) The kinetics of mycelial growth. Journal of General Microbiology, 89, 209–16.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kotov, V. and Reshernikov, S.V. (1990) A stochastic model for early mycelial growth. Mycological Research, 94, 577–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madelin, M.F., Toomer, D.J. and Ryan, J. (1978) Spiral growth of fungus colonies. Journal of General Microbiology, 106, 73–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, K.C. and Alexander, M. (1960) Growth characteristics of fungi and actinomycetes. Journal of Bacteriology, 80, 412–16.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuura, S. and Miyazima, S. (1993) Colony of the fungus Aspergillus oryzae and self-affine fractal geometry of growth fronts. Fractals, 1, 11–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLean, K.M. and Prosser, J.I. (1987) Development of vegetative mycelium during colony growth of Neurospora crassa. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 88, 489–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monod, J. (1942) Recherches sur la Croissance des Cultures Bacteriennes, 2nd edn. Hermann, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, K.B. and Righelato, R.C. (1974) The relationship between the hyphal branching, specific growth rate and colony radial growth rate in Penicillium chrysogenum. Journal of General Microbiology, 81, 517–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Obert, M., Pfeifer, P. and Sernetz, M. (1990) Microbial growth patterns described by fractal geometry. Journal of Bacteriology, 172, 1180–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pall, M.L. and Robertson, C.K. (1986) Cyclic AMP control of hierarchical growth pattern of hyphae in Neurospora crassa. Experimental Mycology, 10, 161–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pegg, G.F. and Jonglaekha, N. (1981) Assessment of colonisation in chrysanthemum grown under different photoperiods and infected with Verticillium dahliae. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 76, 353–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pirt, S.J. (1965) The maintenance energy of bacteria in growing cultures. Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B, 163, 224–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pirt, S.J. (1966) A theory of the mode of growth of fungi in the form of pellets in submerged culture. Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B, 166, 369–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pirt, S.J. (1967) A kinetic study of the mode of growth of surface colonies of bacteria and fungi. Journal of General Microbiology, 47, 181–97.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pirt, S.J. (1975) Principles of Microbe and Cell Cultivation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pirt, S.J. and Callow, D.S. (1959) Continuous flow culture of the filamentous mould Penicillium chrysogenum and the control of its morphology. Nature, 184, 307–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prosser, J.I. and Tough, A.J. (1991) Growth mechanisms and growth kinetics of filamentous microorganisms. CRC Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 10, 253–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Righelato, R.C. (1979) The kinetics of mycelial growth, in Fungal Walls and Hyphal Growth, (eds J.H. Burnett and A.P.J. Trinci), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 385–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ritz, K. and Crawford, J. (1990) Quantification of the fractal nature of colonies of Trichoderma viride. Mycological Research, 94, 1138–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, P.M. (1973a) Autotropism in fungal spores and hyphae. Botanical Review, 39, 367–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, P.M. (1973b) Chemotropism in fungi. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 61, 303–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, P.M. and Smith, J.M. (1976) Morphogenesis and growth kinetics of Geotrichum candidum in continuous culture. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 66, 413–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, P.M. and Smith, J.M. (1979) Development of cells and hyphae of Geotrichum candidum in chemostat and batch culture. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 72, 39–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, P.M. and Smith, J.M. (1980) Apical branch formation and cyclic development in Geotrichum candidum. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 75, 233–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robson, G.D., Bell, S.D., Kuhn, P.J. and Trinci, A.P.J. (1987) Glucose and penicillin concentrations in agar medium below fungal colonies. Journal of General Microbiology, 133, 361–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, A. and Padwal-Desai, S.R. (1985) On the relationship between pellet size and aflatoxin yield in Aspergillus parasiticus. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 27, 1577–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J.M. and Robinson, P.M. (1980) Development of somatic hyphae of Geotrichum candidum. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 74, 159–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, G.C. and Trinci, A.P.J. (1975a) The extension zone of mycelial hyphae. New Phytologist, 75, 583–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, G.C. and Trinci, A.P.J. (1975b) Morphology and growth kinetics of hyphae of differentiated and undifferentiated mycelia of Neurospora crassa. Journal of General Microbiology, 91, 362–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trinci, A.P.J. (1969) A kinetic study of the growth of Aspergillus nidulans and other fungi. Journal of General Microbiology, 57, 11–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trinci, A.P.J. (1971) Influence of the peripheral growth zone on the radial growth rate of fungal colonies. Journal of General Microbiology, 67, 325–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trinci, A.P.J. (1974) A study of the kinetics of hyphal extension and branch initiation of fungal mycelia. Journal of General Microbiology, 81, 225–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trinci, A.P.J. and Collinge, A.J. (1973) Influence of L-sorbose on the growth and morphology of Neurospora crassa. Journal of General Microbiology, 78, 179–92.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trinci, A.P.J., Saunders, P.T., Gosrani, R. and Campbell, K.A.S. (1979) Spiral growth of mycelial and reproductive hyphae. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 73, 283–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Suijdam, J.C. and Metz, B. (1981) Influence of engineering variables on the morphology of filamentous molds. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 23, 111–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whipps, J.M., Haselwandter, K., McGee, E.E.M. and Lewis, D.H. (1982) Use of biochemical markers to determine growth, development and biomass of fungi in infected tissues, with particular reference to antagonistic and mutualistic biotrophs. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 79, 385–400.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiebe, M.G. and Trinci, A.P.J. (1990) Dilution rate as a determinant of mycelial morphology in continuous culture. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 38, 75–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wittier, R., Baumgartl, H., Lubbers, D.W. and Schugerl, K. (1986) Investigations of oxygen transfer into Penicillium chrysogenum pellets by microprobe measurement. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 28, 1024–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yanagita, T. and Kogane, F. (1963) Cytochemical and physiological differentiation of mould pellets. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology, 9, 171–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, W.-Z. and Gooday, G.W. (1992) Effects of nikkomycin and echinocandin on differentiated and undifferentiated mycelia of Botrytis cinerea and Mucor rouxii. Mycological Research, 96, 371–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Neil A.R. Gow and Geoffrey M. Gadd

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Prosser, J.I. (1995). Kinetics of Filamentous Growth and Branching. In: Gow, N.A.R., Gadd, G.M. (eds) The Growing Fungus. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-27576-5_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-27576-5_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-412-46600-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-585-27576-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics