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Cartilage Repair by Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Preclinical and Clinical Trial Update and Perspectives

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Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 12

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((CBTMED,volume 1326))

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) and other degenerative joint diseases are characterized by articular cartilage destruction, synovial inflammation, sclerosis of subchondral bone, and loss of extracellular matrix (ECM). Worldwide, these diseases are major causes of disability. Cell therapies have been considered to be the best therapeutic strategies for long-term treatment of articular cartilage diseases. It has been suggested that the mechanism of stem cell-based therapy is related to paracrine secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are recognized as the main secretion factors of stem cells. EVs, and in particular the subclass exosomes (Exos), are novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of cartilage lesions and OA. The results of recent studies have shown that EVs isolated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could inhibit OA progression. EVs isolated from various stem cell sources, such as MSCs, may contribute to tissue regeneration of the limbs, skin, heart, and other tissues. Here, we summarize recent findings of preclinical and clinical studies on different MSC-derived EVs and their effectiveness as a treatment for damaged cartilage. The Exos isolation techniques in OA treatment are also highlighted.

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Abbreviations

ACI:

Autologous chondrocyte implantation

ADMSCs:

Adipose-derived MSCs

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

DLS:

Dynamic light scattering

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays

EVs:

Extracellular vesicles

GFP:

Green fluorescent protein

GMP:

Good manufacturing practice

HA:

Hyaluronic acid

IPFP:

Infrapatellar fat pad

iPSCs :

Induced pluripotent stem cells

MACI:

Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation

MMP :

Matrix metalloproteinase

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cell

MVs:

Microvesicles

NPCs:

Nucleus pulposus cells

NTA:

Nanoparticle tracking analysis

OA:

Osteoarthritis

PCs:

Progenitor cells

PRP:

Platelet-rich plasma

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

STR:

Short tandem repeat

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

TFF:

Tangential flow filtration

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Author notes

  1. Shahrbano Jahangir and Mojtaba Khozaei Ravari contributed equally with all other contributors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran

    Leila Taghiyar, Shahrbano Jahangir, Mojtaba Khozaei Ravari & Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad

  2. Department of Polymer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Sarvestan, Iran

    Mohammad Amin Shamekhi

Authors
  1. Leila Taghiyar
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  2. Shahrbano Jahangir
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  3. Mojtaba Khozaei Ravari
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  4. Mohammad Amin Shamekhi
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  5. Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Mohammad Amin Shamekhi or Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad .

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  1. (emeritus), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Kursad Turksen

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Taghiyar, L., Jahangir, S., Khozaei Ravari, M., Shamekhi, M.A., Eslaminejad, M.B. (2021). Cartilage Repair by Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Preclinical and Clinical Trial Update and Perspectives. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 12. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1326. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2021_625

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