Skip to main content

High Sensitivity Expression Profiling

  • Chapter
Microarray Technology and Its Applications

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Drmanac R, Drmanac S, Chui G, Diaz R, Hou A, Jin H, Jin P, Kwon S, Lacy S, Moeur B, Shafto J, Swanson D, Ukrainczyk T, Xu C, Little D. 2002. Sequencing by hybridization (SBH): advantages, achievements, and opportunities. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 77:75–101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Khrapko KR, Lysov YuP, Khorlyn AA, Shick VV, Florentiev VL, Mirzabekov AD. 1989. An oligonucleotide hybridization approach to DNA sequencing. FEBS Lett 256:118–22

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Lysov IuP, Florent'ev VL, Khorlin AA, Khrapko KR, Shik VV. 1988. Determination of the nucleotide sequence of DNA using hybridization with oligonucleotides. A new method. Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 303:1508–11

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Schena M, Shalon D, Davis RW, Brown PO. 1995. Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray. Science 270:467–70

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Schena M, Shalon D, Heller R, Chai A, Brown PO, Davis RW. 1996. Parallel human genome analysis: microarray-based expression monitoring of 1000 genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:10614–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Heller RA, Schena M, Chai A, Shalon D, Bedilion T, Gilmore J, Woolley DE, Davis RW. 1997. Discovery and analysis of inflammatory disease-related genes using cDNA microarrays. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:2150–5

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Huang P, Feng L, Oldham EA, Keating MJ, Plunkett W. 2000. Superoxide dismutase as a target for the selective killing of cancer cells. Nature 407:390–5

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Lam LT, Pickeral OK, Peng AC, Rosenwald A, Hurt EM, Giltnane JM, Averett LM, Zhao H, Davis RE, Sathyamoorthy M, Wahl LM, Harris ED, Mikovits JA, Monks AP, Hollingshead MG, Sausville EA, Staudt LM. 2001. Genomic-scale measurement of mRNA turnover and the mechanisms of action of the anticancer drug flavopiridol. Genome Biol 2:RESEARCH0041

    Google Scholar 

  9. Marton MJ, DeRisi JL, Bennett HA, Iyer VR, Meyer MR, Roberts CJ, Stoughton R, Burchard J, Slade D, Dai H, Bassett DE Jr, Hartwell LH, Brown PO, Friend SH. 1998. Drug target validation and identification of secondary drug target effects using DNA microarrays. Nat Med 4:1293–301

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bittner M, Meltzer P, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Seftor E, Hendrix M, Radmacher M, Simon R, Yakhini Z, Ben-Dor A, Sampas N, Dougherty E, Wang E, Marincola F, Gooden C, Lueders J, Glatfelter A, Pollock P, Carpten J, Gillanders E, Leja D, Dietrich K, Beaudry C, Berens M, Alberts D, Sondak V. 2000. Molecular classification of cutaneous malignant melanoma by gene expression profiling. Nature 406:536–40

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Iyer VR, Eisen MB, Ross DT, Schuler G, Moore T, Lee JC, Trent JM, Staudt LM, Hudson J Jr, Boguski MS, Lashkari D, Shalon D, Botstein D, Brown PO. 1999. The transcriptional program in the response of human fibroblasts to serum. Science 283:83–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Perou CM, Sorlie T, Eisen MB, van de Rijn M, Jeffrey SS, Rees CA, Pollack JR, Ross DT, Johnsen H, Akslen LA, Fluge O, Pergamenschikov A, Williams C, Zhu SX, Lonning PE, Borresen-Dale AL, Brown PO, Botstein D. 2000. Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature 406:747–52

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Shoemaker DD, Schadt EE, Armour CD, He YD, Garrett-Engele P, McDonagh PD, Loerch PM, Leonardson A, Lum PY, Cavet G, Wu LF, Altschuler SJ, Edwards S, King J, Tsang JS, Schimmack G, Schelter JM, Koch J, Ziman M, Marton MJ, Li B, Cundi P, Ward T, Castle J, Krolewski M, Meyer MR, Mao M, Burchard J, Kidd MJ, Dai H, Phillips JW, Linsley PS, Stoughton R, Scherer S, Boguski MS. 2001. Experimental annotation of the human genome using microarray technology. Nature 409:922–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Scherf U, Ross DT, Waltham M, Smith LH, Lee JK, Tanabe L, Kohn KW, Reinhold WC, Myers TG, Andrews DT, Scudiero DA, Eisen MB, Sausville EA, Pommier Y, Botstein D, Brown PO, Weinstein JN. 2000. A gene expression database for the molecular pharmacology of cancer. Nat Genet 24:236–44

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Staunton JE, Slonim DK, Coller HA, Tamayo P, Angelo MJ, Park J, Scherf U, Lee JK, Reinhold WO, Weinstein JN, Mesirov JP, Lander ES, Golub TR. 2001. Chemosensitivity prediction by transcriptional profiling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:10787–92

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Alizadeh AA, Eisen MB, Davis RE, Ma C, Lossos IS, Rosenwald A, Boldrick JC, Sabet H, Tran T, Yu X, Powell JI, Yang L, Marti GE, Moore T, Hudson J Jr, Lu L, Lewis DB, Tibshirani R, Sherlock G, Chan WC, Greiner TC, Weisenburger DD, Armitage JO, Warnke R, Staudt LM, et al. 2000. Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling. Nature 403:503–11

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Golub TR, Slonim DK, Tamayo P, Huard C, Gaasenbeek M, Mesirov JP, Coller H, Loh ML, Downing JR, Caligiuri MA, Bloomfield CD, Lander ES. 1999. Molecular classification of cancer: class discovery and class prediction by gene expression monitoring. Science 286:531–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Unger MA, Rishi M, Clemmer VB, Hartman JL, Keiper EA, Greshock JD, Chodosh LA, Liebman MN, Weber BL. 2001. Characterization of adjacent breast tumors using oligonucleotide microarrays. Breast Cancer Res 3:336–41

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Bhattacharjee A, Richards WG, Staunton J, Li C, Monti S, Vasa P, Ladd C, Beheshti J, Bueno R, Gillette M, Loda M, Weber G, Mark EJ, Lander ES, Wong W, Johnson BE, Golub TR, Sugarbaker DJ, Meyerson M. 2001. Classification of human lung carcinomas by mRNA expression profiling reveals distinct adenocarcinoma subclasses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:13790–5

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Garber ME, Troyanskaya OG, Schluens K, Petersen S, Thaesler Z, Pacyna-Gengelbach M, van de Rijn M, Rosen GD, Perou CM, Whyte RI, Altman RB, Brown PO, Botstein D, Petersen I. 2001. Diversity of gene expression in adenocarcinoma of the lung. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:13784–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Pomeroy SL, Tamayo P, Gaasenbeek M, Sturla LM, Angelo M, McLaughlin ME, Kim JY, Goumnerova LC, Black PM, Lau C, Allen JC, Zagzag D, Olson JM, Curran T, Wetmore C, Biegel JA, Poggio T, Mukherjee S, Rifkin R, Califano A, Stolovitzky G, Louis DN, Mesirov JP, Lander ES, Golub TR. 2002. Prediction of central nervous system embryonal tumour outcome based on gene expression. Nature 415:436–42

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. van 't Veer LJ, Dai H, van de Vijver MJ, He YD, Hart AA, Mao M, Peterse HL, van der Kooy K, Marton MJ, Witteveen AT, Schreiber GJ, Kerkhoven RM, Roberts C, Linsley PS, Bernards R, Friend SH. 2002. Gene expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of breast cancer. Nature 415:530–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Brown PO, Botstein D. 1999. Exploring the new world of the genome with DNA microarrays. Nat Genet 21:33–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Hughes TR, Mao M, Jones AR, Burchard J, Marton MJ, Shannon KW, Lefkowitz SM, Ziman M, Schelter JM, Meyer MR, Kobayashi S, Davis C, Dai H, He YD, Stephaniants SB, Cavet G, Walker WL, West A, Coffey E, Shoemaker DD, Stoughton R, Blanchard AP, Friend SH, Linsley PS. 2001. Expression profiling using microarrays fabricated by an ink-jet oligonucleotide synthesizer. Nat Biotechnol 19:342–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kane MD, Jatkoe TA, Stumpf CR, Lu J, Thomas JD, Madore SJ. 2000. Assessment of the sensitivity and specificity of oligonucleotide (50mer) microarrays. Nucleic Acids Res 28:4552–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Lipshutz RJ, Fodor SP, Gingeras TR, Lockhart DJ. 1999. High density synthetic oligonucleotide arrays. Nat Genet 21:20–4

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kallioniemi A, Kallioniemi OP, Sudar D, Rutovitz D, Gray JW, Waldman F, Pinkel D. 1992. Comparative genomic hybridization for molecular cytogenetic analysis of solid tumors. Science 258:818–21

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Yuen T, Wurmbach E, Pfeffer RL, Ebersole BJ, Sealfon SC. 2002. Accuracy and calibration of commercial oligonucleotide and custom cDNA microarrays. Nucleic Acids Res 30:e48

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Kuo WP, Jenssen TK, Butte AJ, Ohno-Machado L, Kohane IS. 2002. Analysis of matched mRNA measurements from two different microarray technologies. Bioinformatics 18:405–12

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Li J, Pankratz M, Johnson JA. 2002. Differential gene expression patterns revealed by oligonucleotide versus long cDNA arrays. Toxicol Sci 69:383–90

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Hu GK, Madore SJ, Moldover B, Jatkoe T, Balaban D, Thomas J, Wang Y. 2001. Predicting splice variant from DNA chip expression data. Genome Res 11:1237–45

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Fodor SP, Read JL, Pirrung MC, Stryer L, Lu AT, Solas D. 1991. Light-directed, spatially addressable parallel chemical synthesis. Science 251:767–73

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Maskos U, Southern EM. 1992. Oligonucleotide hybridizations on glass supports: a novel linker for oligonucleotide synthesis and hybridization properties of oligonucleotides synthesised in situ. Nucleic Acids Res 20:1679–84

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Nanthakumar A, Pon RT, Mazumder A, Yu S, Watson A. 2000. Solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis and flow cytometric analysis with microspheres encoded with covalently attached fluorophores. Bioconjug Chem 11:282–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Graves DJ. 1999. Powerful tools for genetic analysis come of age. Trends Biotechnol 17:127–34

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Marshall WS, Boymel JL. 1999. Drug Discovery Today. 2:34–42

    Google Scholar 

  37. Elghanian R, Xu Y, McGowen J, Siethoff M, Liu CG, Winick J, Fuller N, Ramakrishnan R, Beuhler A, Johnson T, Mazumder A, Brush C. 2001. Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids. 20:1371–1375

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Lemeshko SV, Powdrill T, Belosludtsev YY, Hogan M. 2001. Oligonucleotides form a duplex with non-helical properties on a positively charged surface. Nucleic Acids Res 29:3051–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Lockhart DJ, Dong H, Byrne MC, Follettie MT, Gallo MV, Chee MS, Mittmann M, Wang C, Kobayashi M, Horton H, Brown EL. 1996. Expression monitoring by hybridization to high-density oligonucleotide arrays. Nat Biotechnol 14:1675–80

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Mir KU, Southern EM. 1999. Determining the influence of structure on hy-bridization using oligonucleotide arrays. Nat Biotechnol 17:788–92

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Matveeva OV, Tsodikov AD, Giddings M, Freier SM, Wyatt JR, Spiridonov AN, Shabalina SA, Gesteland RF, Atkins JF. 2000. Identification of sequence motifs in oligonucleotides whose presence is correlated with antisense activity. Nucleic Acids Res 28:2862–5

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Wetmur JG. 1991. DNA probes: applications of the principles of nucleic acid hybridization. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 26:227–59

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Langer PR, Waldrop AA, Ward DC. 1981. Enzymatic synthesis of biotin-labeled polynucleotides: novel nucleic acid affinity probes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:6633–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Ramakrishnan R, Dorris D, Lublinsky A, Nguyen A, Domanus M, Prokhorova A, Gieser L, Touma E, Lockner R, Tata M, Zhu X, Patterson M, Shippy R, Sendera TJ, Mazumder A. 2002. An assessment of Motorola Code Link microarray performance for gene expression profiling applications. Nucleic Acids Res 30:e30

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Lockhart DJ, Winzeler EA. 2000. Genomics, gene expression and DNA arrays. Nature 405:827–36

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Wang X, Ghosh S, Guo SW. 2001. Quantitative quality control in microarray image processing and data acquisition. Nucleic Acids Res 29:E75–5

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Wodicka L, Dong H, Mittmann M, Ho MH, Lockhart DJ. 1997. Genome-wide expression monitoring in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nat Biotechnol 15:1359–67

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Hastie ND, Bishop JO. 1976. The expression of three abundance classes of messenger RNA in mouse tissues. Cell 9:761–74

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Chan V, Graves DJ, McKenzie SE. 1995. The biophysics of DNA hybridization with immobilized oligonucleotide probes. Biophys J 69:2243–55

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Hong Y, Muller UR, Lai F. 2003. Toxicology in Vitro 17:85–92

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Riccelli PV, Merante F, Leung KT, Bortolin S, Zastawny RL, Janeczko R, Benight AS. 2001. Hybridization of single-stranded DNA targets to immobilized complementary DNA probes: comparison of hairpin versus linear capture probes. Nucleic Acids Res 29:996–1004

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Yue H, Eastman PS, Wang BB, Minor J, Doctolero MH, Nuttall RL, Stack R, Becker JW, Montgomery JR, Vainer M, Johnston R. 2001. An evaluation of the performance of cDNA microarrays for detecting changes in global mRNA expression. Nucleic Acids Res 29:E41–1

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Che D, Bao Y, Muller UR. 2001. Novel surface and multicolor charge coupled device-based fluorescent imaging system for DNA microarrays. J Biomed Opt 6:450–6

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Neuschaefer D, Budach W, Wanke C. 2002. SPIE's BIOS 2002. Proceeding Abstract 4626-115:189

    Google Scholar 

  55. Stimpson DI, Hoijer JV, Hsieh WT, Jou C, Gordon J, Theriault T, Gamble R, Baldeschwieler JD. 1995. Real-time detection of DNA hybridization and melting on oligonucleotide arrays by using optical wave guides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:6379–83

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Broude NE, Woodward K, Cavallo R, Cantor CR, Englert D. 2001. DNA microarrays with stem-loop DNA probes: preparation and applications. Nucleic Acids Res 29:E92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Cheek BJ, Steel AB, Torres MP, Yu YY, Yang H. 2001. Chemiluminescence detection for hybridization assays on the flow-thru chip, a three-dimensional microchannel bio-chip. Anal Chem 73:5777–83

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Fredrickson HL, Perkins EJ, Bridges TS, Tonucci RJ, Fleming JK, Nagel A, Diedrich K, Mendez-Tenorio A, Doktycz MJ, Beattie KL. 2001. Towards environmental toxicogenomics — development of a flow-through, high-density DNA hybridization array and its application to ecotoxicity assessment. Sci Total Environ 274:137–49

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Raghavachari N, Bao Y, Li G, Xie X, Müller UR. 2003. Reduction of autofluo-rescence on DNA microarrays and slide surfaces by treatment with sodium borohydride. Anal Biochem 312:102–5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Duggan DJ, Bittner M, Chen Y, Meltzer P, Trent JM. 1999. Expression profiling using cDNA microarrays. Nat Genet 21:10–4

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Mayanil CS, George D, Freilich L, Miljan EJ, Mania-Farnell B, McLone DG, Bremer EG. 2001. Microarray analysis detects novel Pax3 downstream target genes. J Biol Chem 276:49299–309

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. DeRisi J, Penland L, Brown PO, Bittner ML, Meltzer PS, Ray M, Chen Y, Su YA, Trent JM. 1996. Use of a cDNA microarray to analyse gene expression patterns in human cancer. Nat Genet 14:457–60

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Relogio A, Schwager C, Richter A, Ansorge W, Valcarcel J. 2002. Optimization of oligonucleotide-based DNA microarrays. Nucleic Acids Res 30:e51

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Storho JJ, Marla SS, Hagenow S, Mehta H, Lucas A, Garimella V, Patno TJ, Buckingham W, Cork WH, Müller UR. 2002. SPIE Proceedings. SPIE Proceedings 4937:1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Sussman H. 2002. The Scientist. 16(13):37–38

    Google Scholar 

  66. Schroeder BG, Peterson LM, Fleischmann RD. 2002. Improved quantitation and reproducibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA microarrays. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 4:123–6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Xiang CC, Kozhich OA, Chen M, Inman JM, Phan QN, Chen Y, Brownstein MJ. 2002. Amine-modified random primers to label probes for DNA microarrays. Nat Biotechnol 20:738–42

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Pabon C, Modrusan Z, Ruvolo MV, Coleman IM, Daniel S, Yue H, Arnold LJ Jr. 2001. Optimized T7 amplification system for microarray analysis. Biotechniques 31:874–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Van Gelder RN, von Zastrow ME, Yool A, Dement WC, Barchas JD, Eberwine JH. 1990. Amplified RNA synthesized from limited quantities of heterogeneous cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:1663–7

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Vernon SD, Unger ER, Rajeevan M, Dimulescu IM, Nisenbaum R, Campbell CE. 2000. Reproducibility of alternative probe synthesis approaches for gene expression profiling with arrays. J Mol Diagn 2:124–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Wang E, Miller LD, Ohnmacht GA, Liu ET, Marincola FM. 2000. High-fidelity mRNA amplification for gene profiling. Nat Biotechnol 18:457–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Raghavachari et al. Ambion TechNotes. 9((3)): http://www.ambion.com-/techlib/tn/93-9313.html

    Google Scholar 

  73. Theilgaard-Monch K, Cowland J, Borregaard N. 2001. Profiling of gene expression in individual hematopoietic cells by global mRNA amplification and slot blot analysis. J Immunol Methods 252:175–89

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Brail LH, Jang A, Billia F, Iscove NN, Klamut HJ, Hill RP. 1999. Gene expression in individual cells: analysis using global single cell reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (GSC RT-PCR). Mutat Res 406:45–54

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Bao P, Frutos AG, Greef C, Lahiri J, Muller U, Peterson TC, Warden L, Xie X. 2002. High-sensitivity detection of DNA hybridization on microarrays using resonance light scattering. Anal Chem 74:1792–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Srilatha S, Raghavachari N, Bao YP, Muller UR, Feldman D. 2003. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. in press

    Google Scholar 

  77. Yuen PK, Li G, Bao P, Müller UR. 2003. Lab on a Chip. 3:46–50

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Adey NB, Lei M, Howard MT, Jensen JD, Mayo DA, Butel DL, Coffin SC, Moyer TC, Slade DE, Spute MK, Hancock AM, Eisenhoffer GT, Dalley BK, McNeely MR. 2002. Gains in sensitivity with a device that mixes microarray hybridization solution in a 25-microm-thick chamber. Anal Chem 74:6413–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Wahl GM, Stern M, Stark GR. 1979. Efficient transfer of large DNA fragments from agarose gels to diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper and rapid hybridization by using dextran sulfate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:3683–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Elowitz MB, Levine AJ, Siggia ED, Swain PS. 2002. Stochastic gene expression in a single cell. Science 297:1183–6

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ramakrishnan, R., Bao, P., Müller, U.R. (2005). High Sensitivity Expression Profiling. In: Müller, U.R., Nicolau, D.V. (eds) Microarray Technology and Its Applications. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26578-3_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics