Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Normal Tissue Tolerance to Reirradiation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Re-Irradiation: New Frontiers

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Radiat Oncol))

Abstract

As a result of longer survival times, even among patients with incurable malignancies, the prevalence of patients at risk of developing second primary tumours and/or locoregional recurrences in previously irradiated areas might increase. Consequently, the need for additional therapeutic measures providing local control and/or symptom palliation along different lines of treatment has emerged. This has resulted in increasing requests for delivering a second and sometimes even third course of radiation to target volumes within or close to previously irradiated anatomical areas. On the one hand, improved imaging and delivery techniques including image-guided and intensity-modulated radiotherapy might facilitate reirradiation of previously exposed regions of the body. On the other hand, late toxicity is of concern because it often causes serious impact on health-related quality of life. Therefore, knowledge about long-term recovery of occult radiation injury is of utmost importance. This chapter summarises available experimental and clinical data on the effects of reirradiation to various organs.

The original version of this chapter was revised. An erratum to this chapter can be found at 10.1007/978-3-319-41825-4_78.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abusaris H, Storchi PR, Brandwijk RP et al (2011) Second re-irradiation: efficacy, dose and toxicity in patients who received three courses of radiotherapy with overlapping fields. Radiother Oncol 99:235–239

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abusaris H, Hoogeman M, Nuyttens JJ (2012) Re-irradiation: outcome, cumulative dose and toxicity in patients retreated with stereotactic radiotherapy in the abdominal or pelvic region. Technol Cancer Res Treat 11:591–597

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ang KK, Price RE, Stephens LC et al (1995) The tolerance of primate spinal cord to re-irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 25:459–464

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ang KK, Jiang GL, Feng Y et al (2001) Extent and kinetics of recovery of occult spinal cord injury. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 50:1013–1020

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Choi CY, Adler JR, Gibbs IC et al (2010) Stereotactic radiosurgery for treatment of spinal metastases recurring in close proximity to previously irradiated spinal cord. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 78:499–506

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coates J, Jeyaseelan AK, Ybarra N et al (2015) Contrasting analytical and data-driven frameworks for radiogenomic modeling of normal tissue toxicities in prostate cancer. Radiother Oncol 115:107–113

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Combs SE, Thilmann C, Edler L et al (2005) Efficacy of fractionated stereotactic reirradiation in recurrent gliomas: long-term results in 172 patients treated in a single institution. J Clin Oncol 23:8863–8869

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Combs SE, Burkholder I, Edler L et al (2010) Randomised phase I/II study to evaluate carbon ion radiotherapy versus fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with recurrent or progressive gliomas: the CINDERELLA trial. BMC Cancer 10:533

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Damast S, Wright J, Bilsky M et al (2011) Impact of dose on local failure rates after image-guided reirradiation of recurrent paraspinal metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 81:819–826

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Crevoisier R, Bourhis J, Domenge C et al (1998) Full-dose reirradiation for unresectable head and neck carcinoma: experience at the Gustave-Roussy Institute in a series of 169 patients. J Clin Oncol 16:3556–3562

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dritschilo A, Bruckman JE, Cassady JR, Belli JA (1981) Tolerance of brain to multiple courses of radiation therapy. I. Clinical experiences. Br J Radiol 54:782–786

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duprez F, Madani I, Bonte K et al (2009) Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for recurrent and second primary head and neck cancer in previously irradiated territory. Radiother Oncol 93:563–569

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Evans JD, Gomez DR, Amini A et al (2013) Aortic dose constraints when reirradiating thoracic tumors. Radiother Oncol 106:327–332

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Flickinger JC, Deutsch M, Lunsford LD (1989) Repeat megavoltage irradiation of pituitary and suprasellar tumours. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 17:171–175

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fogh SE, Andrews DW, Glass J et al (2010) Hypofractionated stereotactic radiation therapy: an effective therapy for recurrent high-grade gliomas. J Clin Oncol 28:3048–3053

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberger JS. (2009) Radioprotection. In Vivo. 23(2):323–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Grosu AL, Andratschke N, Nieder C, Molls M (2002) Retreatment of the spinal cord with palliative radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 52:1288–1292

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haque W, Crane CH, Krishnan S et al (2009) Reirradiation to the abdomen for gastrointestinal malignancies. Radiat Oncol 4:55

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Harms W, Krempien R, Grehn C et al (2004) Reirradiation of chest wall local recurrences from breast cancer. Zentralbl Gynakol 126:19–23

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hauswald H, Stoiber E, Rochet N et al (2010) Treatment of recurrent bronchial carcinoma: the role of high-dose-rate endoluminal brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 77:373–377

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heinzelmann F, Ottinger H, Engelhard M et al (2010) Advanced-stage III/IV follicular lymphoma: treatment strategies for individual patients. Strahlenther Onkol 186:247–254

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holt DE, Gill BS, Clump DA et al (2015) Tumor bed radiosurgery following resection and prior stereotactic radiosurgery for locally persistent brain metastasis. Front Oncol 5:84

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hornsey S, Myers R, Warren P (1982) Residual injury in the spinal cord after treatment with X-rays or neutrons. Br J Radiol 55:516–519

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson MA, Ball DL (1987) Palliative retreatment of locally recurrent lung cancer after radical radiotherapy. Med J Aust 147:391–394

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jentsch C, Beuthien-Baumann B, Troost EG et al (2015) Validation of functional imaging as a biomarker for radiation treatment response. Br J Radiol 88:20150014

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kerns SL, West CM, Andreassen CN et al (2014) Radiogenomics: the search for genetic predictors of radiotherapy response. Future Oncol 10:2391–2406

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kerns SL, Kundu S, Oh JH et al (2015) The prediction of radiotherapy toxicity using single nucleotide polymorphism-based models: a step toward prevention. Semin Radiat Oncol 25:281–291

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kim TH, Kim DY, Jung KH et al (2010) The role of omental flap transposition in patients with locoregional recurrent rectal cancer treated with reirradiation. J Surg Oncol 102:789–795

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kirkpatrick JP, van der Kogel AJ, Schultheiss TE (2010)Radiation dose-volume effects in the spinal cord. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1;76(3 Suppl):S42–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Kishi K, Sonomura T, Shirai S et al (2009) Critical organ preservation in reirradiation brachytherapy by injectable spacer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 75:587–594

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Knowles JW (1983) The radiosensitivity of the guinea pig spinal cord to x-rays: the effect of retreatment at one year and the effect of age at the time of irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 44:433–442

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kosaka Y, Okuno Y, Tagawa Y et al (2010) Osteoradionecrosis of the cervical vertebrae in patients irradiated for head and neck cancers. Jpn J Radiol 28:388–394

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Landuyt W, van der Kogel AJ, de Roo M et al (1988) Unilateral kidney irradiation and late retreatment with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II): functional measurements with 99m technetium-dimercaptosuccinic acid. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 14:95–101

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Langendijk JA, Kasperts N, Leemans CR et al (2006) A phase II study of primary reirradiation in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. Radiother Oncol 78:306–312

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Langer CJ, Harris J, Horwitz EM et al (2007) Phase II study of low-dose paclitaxel and cisplatin in combination with split-course concomitant twice-daily reirradiation in recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: results of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Protocol 9911. J Clin Oncol 25:4800–4805

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lavey RS, Taylor J, Tward JD et al (1994) The extent, time course, and fraction size dependence of mouse spinal cord recovery from radiation injury. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 30:609–617

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee AW, Law SC, Ng SH et al (1992) Retrospective analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated during 1976-1985: late complications following megavoltage irradiation. Br J Radiol 65:918–928

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee AW, Foo W, Law SC (1997) Reirradiation for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: factors affecting the therapeutic ratio and ways for improvement. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 38:43–52

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee AW, Foo W, Law SC et al (2000) Total biological effect on late reactive tissues following reirradiation for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 46:865–872

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee DS, Woo JY, Kim JW et al (2016) Re-irradiation of hepatocellular carcinoma: clinical applicability of deformable image registration. Yonsei Med J 57:41–49

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lingareddy V, Ahmad NR, Mohiuddin M (1997) Palliative reirradiation for recurrent rectal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 38:785–790

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu H, Zhang X, Vinogradskiy YY et al (2012) Predicting radiation pneumonitis after stereotactic ablative radiation therapy in patients previously treated with conventional thoracic radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 84:1017–1023

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Liu S, Lu T, Zhao C et al (2014) Temporal lobe injury after re-irradiation of locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma using intensity modulated radiotherapy: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors. J Neurooncol 119:421–428

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Machtay M, Rosenthal DI, Chalian AA et al (2004) Pilot study of postoperative reirradiation, chemotherapy, and amifostine after surgical salvage for recurrent head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 59:72–77

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Magrini SM, Biti GP, de Scisciolo G et al (1990) Neurological damage in patients irradiated twice on the spinal cord: a morphologic and electrophysiological study. Radiother Oncol 17:209–218

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mason KA, Withers HR, Chiang CS (1993) Late effects of radiation on the lumbar spinal cord of guinea pigs: re-treatment tolerance. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 26:643–648

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer R, Sminia P (2008) Reirradiation tolerance of the human brain. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 70:1350–1360

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McAvoy SA, Ciura KT, Rineer JM et al (2013) Feasibility of proton beam therapy for reirradiation of locoregionally recurrent non-small cell lung cancer. Radiother Oncol 109:38–44

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald MW, Moore MG, Johnstone PA (2012) Risk of carotid blowout after reirradiation of the head and neck: a systematic review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 82:1083–1089

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Medin PM, Foster RD, van der Kogel AJ et al (2012) Spinal cord tolerance to reirradiation with single-fraction radiosurgery: a swine model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 83:1031–1037

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meijneke TR, Petit SF, Wentzler D et al (2013) Reirradiation and stereotactic radiotherapy for tumors in the lung: dose summation and toxicity. Radiother Oncol 107:423–427

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mohiuddin M, Marks G, Marks J (2002) Long-term results of reirradiation for patients with recurrent rectal carcinoma. Cancer 95:1144–1150

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moman MR, Van der Poel HG, Battermann JJ et al (2009) Treatment outcome and toxicity after salvage 125-I implantation for prostate cancer recurrences after primary 125-I implantation and external beam radiotherapy. Brachytherapy 9:119–125

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Montebello JF, Aron BS, Manatunga AK et al (1993) The reirradiation of recurrent bronchogenic carcinoma with external beam irradiation. Am J Clin Oncol 16:482–488

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nieder C, Price RE, Rivera B et al (2005a) Effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and amifostine in spinal cord reirradiation. Strahlenther Onkol 181:691–695

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nieder C, Grosu AL, Andratschke NH, Molls M (2005b) Proposal of human spinal cord reirradiation dose based on collection of data from 40 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 61:851–855

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nieder C, Grosu AL, Andratschke NH, Molls M (2006a) Update of human spinal cord reirradiation tolerance based on additional data from 38 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 66:1446–1449

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nieder C, Adam M, Molls M, Grosu AL (2006b) Therapeutic options for recurrent high-grade glioma in adult patients: recent advances. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 60:181–193

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nieder C, Astner ST, Mehta MP et al (2008) Improvement, clinical course, and quality of life after palliative radiotherapy for recurrent glioblastoma. Am J Clin Oncol 31:300–305

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paulino AC, Mai WY, Chintagumpala M et al (2008) Radiation-induced malignant gliomas: is there a role for reirradiation? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 71:1381–1387

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peulen H, Karlsson K, Lindberg K et al (2011) Toxicity after reirradiation of pulmonary tumours with stereotactic body radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 101:260–266

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raza SM, Jabbour S, Thai QA et al (2007) Repeat stereotactic radiosurgery for high-grade and large intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Surg Neurol 68:24–34

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reynaud A, Travis EL (1984) Late effects of irradiation in mouse jejunum. Int J Radiat Biol 46:125–134

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robbins ME, Bywaters T, Rezvani M et al (1991) Residual radiation-induced damage to the kidney of the pig as assayed by retreatment. Int J Radiat Biol 60:917–928

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruifrok ACC, Kleiboer BJ, van der Kogel AJ (1992a) Fractionation sensitivity of the rat cervical spinal cord during radiation retreatment. Radiother Oncol 25:295–300

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruifrok ACC, Kleiboer BJ, van der Kogel AJ (1992b) Reirradiation tolerance of the immature rat spinal cord. Radiother Oncol 23:249–256

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Russell AH, Koh WJ, Markette K et al (1987) Radical reirradiation for recurrent or second primary carcinoma of the female reproductive tract. Gynecol Oncol 27:226–232

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sahgal A, Ma L, Weinberg V et al (2012) Reirradiation human spinal cord tolerance for stereotactic body radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 82:107–116

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schiff D, Shaw E, Cascino TL (1995) Outcome after spinal reirradiation for malignant epidural spinal cord compression. Ann Neurol 37:583–589

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz C, Romagna A, Thon N et al (2015) Outcome and toxicity profile of salvage low-dose-rate iodine-125 stereotactic brachytherapy in recurrent high-grade gliomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 157:1757–1764

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw E, Scott C, Souhami L et al (1996) Radiosurgery for the treatment of previously irradiated recurrent primary brain tumours and brain metastases: initial report of radiation therapy oncology group protocol (90-05). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 34:647–654

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw E, Scott C, Souhami L et al (2000) Single dose radiosurgical treatment of recurrent previously irradiated primary brain tumours and brain metastases: final report of RTOG protocol 90-05. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 47:291–298

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shepherd SF, Laing RW, Cosgrove VP et al (1997) Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in the management of recurrent glioma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 37:393–398

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simmonds RH, Hopewell JW, Robbins MEC (1989) Residual radiation-induced injury in dermal tissue: implications for retreatment. Br J Radiol 62:915–920

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sminia P, Mayer R (2012) External beam radiotherapy of recurrent glioma: radiation tolerance of the human brain. Cancers (Basel) 4:379–399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sneed PK, Mendez J, Vemer-van den Hoek JG et al (2015) Adverse radiation effect after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases: incidence, time course, and risk factors. J Neurosurg 123:373–386

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sterzing F, Hauswald H, Uhl M et al (2010) Spinal cord sparing reirradiation with helical tomotherapy. Cancer 116:3961–3968

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart FA, Oussoren Y, Luts A (1990) Long-term recovery and reirradiation tolerance of mouse bladder. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 18:1399–1406

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart FA, Oussoren Y, van Tinteren H et al (1994) Loss of reirradiation tolerance in the kidney with increasing time after single or fractionated partial tolerance doses. Int J Radiat Biol 66:169–179

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sulman EP, Schwartz DL, Le TT et al (2009) IMRT reirradiation of head and neck cancer-disease control and morbidity outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 73:399–409

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tada T, Fukuda H, Matsui K et al (2005) Non-small-cell lung cancer: reirradiation for loco-regional relapse previously treated with radiation therapy. Int J Clin Oncol 10:247–250

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Terry NHA, Tucker SL, Travis EL (1988) Residual radiation damage in murine lung assessed by pneumonitis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 14:929–938

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Terry NHA, Tucker SL, Travis EL (1989) Time course of loss of residual radiation damage in murine skin assessed by retreatment. Int J Radiat Biol 55:271–283

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thibault I, Campbell M, Tseng CL et al (2015) Salvage stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) following in-field failure of initial SBRT for spinal metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 93:353–360

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tian YM, Zhao C, Guo Y et al (2014) Effect of total dose and fraction size on survival of patients with locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy: a phase 2, single-center, randomized controlled trial. Cancer 120:3502–3509

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Kogel AJ (1979) Late effects of radiation on the spinal cord. PhD thesis, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Veninga T, Langendijk HA, Slotman BJ et al (2001) Reirradiation of primary brain tumours: survival, clinical response and prognostic factors. Radiother Oncol 59:127–137

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wondergem J, van Ravels FJ, Reijnart IW et al (1996) Reirradiation tolerance of the rat heart. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 36:811–819

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wong CS, Han Y (1997) Long-term recovery kinetics of radiation damage in rat spinal cord. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 37:171–179

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wong CS, Minkin S, Hill RP (1993) Re-irradiation tolerance of rat spinal cord to fractionated X-ray doses. Radiother Oncol 28:197–202

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wong CS, van Dyk J, Milosevic M et al (1994) Radiation myelopathy following single courses of radiotherapy and retreatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 30:575–581

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Würschmidt F, Dahle J, Petersen C et al (2008) Reirradiation of recurrent breast cancer with and without concurrent chemotherapy. Radiat Oncol 3:28

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao W, Liu S, Tian Y et al (2015) Prognostic significance of tumor volume in locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with salvage intensity-modulated radiotherapy. PLoS One 10:e0125351

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yamazaki H, Ogita M, Kodani N et al (2013) Frequency, outcome and prognostic factors of carotid blowout syndrome after hypofractionated re-irradiation of head and neck cancer using CyberKnife: a multi-institutional study. Radiother Oncol 107:305–309

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamazaki H, Ogita M, Himei K et al (2015) Carotid blowout syndrome in pharyngeal cancer patients treated by hypofractionated stereotactic re-irradiation using CyberKnife: a multi-institutional matched-cohort analysis. Radiother Oncol 115:67–71

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ysebaert L, Truc G, Dalac S et al (2004) Ultimate results of radiation therapy for T1-T2 mycosis fungoides (including reirradiation). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 58:1128–1134

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway

    Carsten Nieder MD

  2. Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen/University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Johannes A. Langendijk MD

Authors
  1. Carsten Nieder MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Johannes A. Langendijk MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Carsten Nieder MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oncology, University of Tromso and Nordland Hospital, Bodo, Norway

    Carsten Nieder

  2. University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Johannes Langendijk

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nieder, C., Langendijk, J.A. (2016). Normal Tissue Tolerance to Reirradiation. In: Nieder, C., Langendijk, J. (eds) Re-Irradiation: New Frontiers. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2016_59

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2016_59

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-41823-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-41825-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation