Skip to main content

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Vincent JL, Baron JF, Reinhart K, et al (2002) Anemia and blood transfusion in critically ill patients. JAMA 288:1499–1507

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Corwin HL, Gettinger A, Pearl RG, et al (2004) The CRIT Study: Anemia and blood transfusion in the critically ill-current clinical practice in the United States. Crit Care Med 32:39–52

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Vincent JL, Sakr Y, Creteur J (2003) Anemia in the intensive care unit. Can J Anaesth 50:S53–59

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Smoller BR, Kruskall MS (1986) Phlebotomy for diagnostic laboration tests in adults: pattern of use and effect on transfusion requirements. N Engl J Med 314:1233–1236

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Nguyen BV, Bota DP, Melot C, Vincent JL (2003) Time course of hemoglobin concentration in nonbleeding intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med 31:406–410

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Andrews T, Waterman H, Hillier V (1999) Blood gas analysis: a study of blood loss in intensive care. J Adv Nursing 30:851–857

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Corwin HC, Parsonnet KC, Gettinger A (1995) RBC transfusion in the ICU: Is there a reason? Chest 108:767–771

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Richard CM, Couchman BA, Schmidt SJ, Dank A, Purdie DM (2003) A discard volume of twice the vascular line deadspace ensures clinically accurate arterial blood gases and electrolytes and prevents unnecessary blood loss. Crit Care Med 31:1654–1658

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Fowler RA, Berenson M (2003) Blood conservation in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 31:715–720

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Scharte M, Fink MP (2003) Red blood cell physiology in critical illness. Crit Care Med 31:651–657

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Weiss G (2002) Pathogenesis and treatment of anemia of chronic disease. Blood Rev 16:87–96

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. von Ahsen N, Muller C, Serke S, Frei U, Eckardt KU (1999) Important role of nondiagnostic blood loss and blunted erythropoietic response in the anemia of medical intensive care patients. Crit Care Med 27:2630–2639

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Rogers JT (1996) Ferritin translation of IL-1 and IL-6: The role of sequences upstream of the start codons of the heavy and light subunit genes. Blood 87:2525–2537

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Furukawa T, Kohuo H, Tokunaga R, Takenani S (1995) NO-mediated inactivation of mammalian ferrochelatase in vivo and in vitro:possible involvement of the iron sulphur cluster of the enzyme. Biochem J 310:533–538

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Rondriguez RM, Corwin HL, Gettinger A, Corwin MJ, Gubler D, Pearl RG (2003) Nutritional deficiencies and blunted erythropoietin response as causes of the anemia of critical illness. J Crit Care 16:36–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Salvarani C, Casali B, Salvo D, et al (1991) The role of IL-1, erythropoietin and red blood cell bound immunoglobulins in the anemia of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 9:241–246

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Moldawer LL, Marano MA, Wei H, et al (1989) Cachektin/TNF-a alters the red blood cell kinetics and induces anemia in vivo. FASEB J 3:1637–1643

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Baskurt OK, Gelmont D, Meiselman HJ (1998) Red blood cell deformability in sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157:421–427

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Dai CH, Krantz SB, Kollar K, Price JO (1995) Stem cell factor can overcome inhibition of highly purified human burst forming units erythroid by INF-γ. J Cell Physiol 165:323–332

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Papadaki HA, Kritikos HD, Valatas V, Boumpas DT, Eliopoulos GD (2002) Anemia of chronic disease in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with increased apoptosis of bone marrow erythroid cells improvement following anti TNF-a antibody therapy. Blood 100:474–482

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Strauss R, Neureiter D, Westenburger B, Wahler M, Kirchner T, Hahn EG (2004) Multifactorial risk analysis of bone marrow histiocytic hyperplasia with hemophagocytosis in critically ill medical patients-A postmortem clinicopathologic analysis. Crit Care Med 32:1316–1321

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Digicaylioglu M, Iipton SA (2001) Erythropoietin mediated neuroprotection involves cross talk between Jak-2 and NF-kB signalling cascades. Nature 412:641–647

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Lipton SA (2004) Erythropoietin for neurologic protection and diabetic neuropathy. N Engl J Med 350:2516–2517

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Erlev AJ, Wilson J, Caro J (1987) Erythropoietin titers in anemic, nonuremic patients. J Lab Clin Med 109:429–433

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Rogiers P, Zhang H, Leeman M, et al (1997) Erythropoietin response is blunted in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 23:159–162

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Krafte-Jacobs B (1997) Anemia of critical illness and erythropoietin deficiency. Intensive Care Med 23:137–138

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Goodnough LT, Brecher ME, Kanter MH, AuBuchon JP (1999) Transfusion medicine. First of two parts-blood transfusion. N Engl J Med 340:438–447

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Rangel-Frausto MS, Pittet D, Costigan M, Hwang T, Davis CS, Wenzel RP (1995) The natural history of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS): a prospective study. JAMA 273:117–123

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Hinds C, Watson D (1995) Manipulating hemodynamics and oxygen transport in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 333:1074–1075

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Stevens CE, Aach RD, Hollinger FB, et al (1984) Hepatitis B virus antibody in blood donors and the occurrence of non-A, non-B hepatitis in transfusion recipients. An analysis of the Transfusion-Transmitted Viruses Study. Ann Intern Med 101:733–738

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Spence RK, Cernaianu AC, Carson J, DelRossi AJ (1993) Transfusion and surgery. Curr Probl Surg 30:1101–1180

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Blumberg N, Heal JM (1994) Effects of transfusion on immune function. Cancer recurrence and infection. Arch Pathol Lab Med 118:371–379

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Brunson ME, Alexander JW (1990) Mechanisms of transfusion-induced immunosuppression. Transfusion 30:651–658

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Looney MR, Gropper MA, Matthay MA (2004) Transfusion-related acute lung injury: a review. Chest 126:249–258

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Marik PE, Sibbald WJ (1993) Effect of stored-blood transfusion on oxygen delivery in patients with sepsis. JAMA 269:3024–3029

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Fitzgerald RD, Martin CM, Dietz GE, Doig GS, Potter RF, Sibbald WJ (1997) Transfusing red blood cells stored in citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1 for 28 days fails to improve tissue oxygenation in rats. Crit Care Med 25:726–732

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Goodnough LT (2003) Risks of blood transfusion. Crit Care Med 31:S678–685

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Schreiber GB, Busch MP, Kleinman SH, Korelitz JJ (1996) The risk of transfusion transmitted viral infections. N Engl J Med 334:1685–1690

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Centers of Disease control and prevention, U. S. P. H. S. working group (1993) Guidelines for counselling persons infected with HTLV-I and HTLV-II. Ann Intern Med 118:448–454

    Google Scholar 

  40. National Report (1997) Red blood cells transfusion contaminated with Yersinia enterocolitica United States 1991–1996, and initiation of a national study to detect bacteria associated transfusion reactions. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 46:553–555

    Google Scholar 

  41. Theakston EP, Morris AJ, Streat SJ, Baker BW, Woodfield DG (1997) Transfusion transmitted Yersinia enterocolitica infection in New Zealand Aust N Z J Med 27:62–67

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Dellinger EP, Anaya DA (2004) Infectious and immunologic consequences of blood transfusion. Crit Care 8(suppl 2):S18–S23

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Sampathkumar P (2003) West Nile virus: Epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and prevention. Mayo Clin Proc 78:1137–1143

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Ness PM, Shirley RS, Thoman SK, Buck SA (1990) The differentiation of delayed serologic and delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions:incidence, long-term serologic findings, and clinical significance. Transfusion 30:688–693

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Popovsky MA, Moore SB (1985) Diagnostic and pathogenetic considerations in transfusion-related acute lung injury. Transfusion 25:573–574

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Blajchman MA, Dzik S, Vamvakas EC, Sweeney J, Snyder EL (2001) Clinical and molecular basis of transfusion-induced immunomodulation: summary of the proceedings of a state-of-the-art conference. Transfus Med Rev 15:108–135

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Vamvakas EC, Blajchman MA (2001) Deleterious clinical effects of transfusion-associated immunomodulation: fact or fiction? Blood 97:1180–1195

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Lee TH, Stromberg RR, Heitman J, Tran K, Busch MP (1994) Quantitation of residual white cells in filtered blood components by polymerase chain reaction amplification of HLA DQA DNA. Transfusion 34:986–994

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Taylor RW, Manganaro L, O'Brien J, Trottier SJ, Parkar N, Veremakis C (2002) Impact of allogenic packed red blood cell transfusion on nosocomial infection rates in the critically ill patient. Crit Care Med 30:2249–2254

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Shorr AF, Duh MS, Kelly KM, Kollef MH, CRIT Study Group (2004) Red blood cell transfusion and ventilator-associated pneumonia: A potential link? Crit Care Med 32:666–674

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Hebert PC, Wells G, Blajchman MA, et al (1999) A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. N Engl J Med 340:409–417

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Peruzzi WT, Parker MA, Lichtenthal PR, Cochran-Zull C, Toth B, Blake M (1993) A clinical evaluation of a blood conservation device in medical intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med 21:501–506

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. O'Hare D, Chilvers RJ (2001) Arterial blood sampling practices in intensive care units in England and Wales. Anaesthesia 56:568–571

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Barie PS (2004) Phlebotomy in the intensive care unit: strategies for blood conservation. Crit Care 8(Suppl 2):S34–S36

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Merlani P, Garnerin P, Diby M, Ferrin M, Ricou B (2001) Quality improvement report: Linking guideline to regular feedback to increase appropriate requests for clinical tests: blood gas analysis in intensive care. BMJ 323:620–624

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Schmitz BD, Shapiro BA (1995) Capnography. Respir Care Clin N Am 1:107–117

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Jubran A, Tobin MJ (1996) Monitoring during mechanical ventilation. Clin Chest Med 17:453–473

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Spirt MJ (2004) Stress-related mucosal disease: risk factors and prophylactic therapy. Clin Ther 26:197–213

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Torres A, El-Bbiary M, Soler N, Monton C, Fabregas N, Hernandez C (1996) Stomach as a source of colonization of the respiratory tract during mechanical ventilation: association with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Eur Respir J 9:1729–1735

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Lapointe M (2004) Iron supplementation in the intensive care unit: when, how much, and by what route? Crit Care 8(Suppl 2):S37–S41

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Horl WH (2002) Non-erythropoietin-based anaemia management in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant Suppl 11:35–38

    Google Scholar 

  62. Tarng DC, Wei YH, Huang TP, Kuo BI, Yang WC (1999) Intravenous ascorbic acid as an adjuvant therapy for recombinant erythropoietin in hemodialysis patients with hyperferritinemia. Kidney Int 55:2477–2486

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Henry DA, Moxey AJ, Carless PA, et al (2001): Anti-fibrinolytic use for minimizing perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD001886

    Google Scholar 

  64. Schaff HV, Rauer JM, Bell WR, et al (1978) Autotransfusion of shed mediastinal blood after cardiac surgery: a prospective study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 75:632–641

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Eng J, Kay PH, Murday AJ, et al (1990) Postoperative autologous transfusion in cardiac surgery: A prospective, randomised study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 4:595–600

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Hebert PC, Wells G, Tweeddale M, et al (1997) Does transfusion practice affect mortality in critically ill patients? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 155:1618–1623

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Nelson AH, Fleisher LA, Rosenbaum SH (1993) Relationship between postoperative anemia and cardiac morbidity in high-risk vascular patients in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 21:860–866

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. van Iperen CE, Gaillard CA, Kraaijenhagen RJ, Braam BG, Marx JJ, Van de Weil A (2000) Response of erythropoiesis and iron metabolism to recombinant human erythropoietin in intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med 28:2773–2778

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Gabriel A, Kozek S, Chiari A, et al (1998) High-dose recombinant human erythropoietin stimulates reticulocyte production in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. J Trauma 44:361–367

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Corwin HL, Gettinger A, Rodriguez RM, et al (1999) Efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin in the critically ill patient: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Crit Care Med 27:2346–2350

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Corwin HL, Gettinger A, Pearl RG, et al (2002) Efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288:2827–2835

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Corwin HL (2004) Anemia and blood transfusion in the critically ill patient: role of erythropoietin. Crit Care 8(Suppl 2):S42–44

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Potolidis, E., Vakouti, E., Georgopoulos, D. (2005). Anemia in Critically Ill Patients. In: Vincent, JL. (eds) Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2005. EN]Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, vol 2005. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-26272-5_42

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-26272-5_42

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-23476-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-26272-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics