Abstract
This paper uses fuzzy incidence matrixes to determine the causes that have led non-equity strategies to become the preferred growth strategies for international expansion of those hotel chains with the most number of rooms in the word. Both direct cause and second generation causes that arise in the majority of the socio-economic cases have been identified. In fact, determining the second generation effects (or forgotten effects) is one of the main contributions of this study as it shows that those causes that are usually not foreseen, at least in the first instance, affect notably in the expansion strategies of hotel chains in the medium and long term.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agarwal, S.: Socio-cultural Distance and the Choice of Joint Ventures: A Contingency Perspective. Journal of International Marketing 2(2), 63–80 (1994)
Agarwal, S., Ramaswami, S.: Choice of Foreign Market Entry Mode: Impact of Ownership, Location, and Internalization Factors. Journal of International Business Studies 23(1), 1–27 (1992)
Alexander, N., Lockwood, A.: Internationalisation: A comparison of the hotel and retail sectors. The Service Industries Journal 16, 458–473 (1996)
Altinay, L.: Factors influencing entry mode choices: empirical findings from an interna-tional hotel organisation. Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing 12(3), 8–9 (2005)
Bhattacharyya, S., Lafontaine, F.: Double-Sided Moral Hazard and the Nature of Share Contracts. RAND Journal of Economics 26(4), 761–781 (1995)
Contractor, F.: Contractual and cooperative forms of international business: Towards a unified theory of modal choice. Management International Review 30(1), 31–54 (1990)
Contractor, F., Kundu, S.: Modal Choice in a world of alliances: Analyzing organisational forms in international hotel sector. Journal of International Business Studies 29(2), 325–358 (1998a)
Contractor, F., Kundu, S.: Franchising versus company-run operations: Modal choice in the global hotel sector. Journal of International Marketing 6(2), 28–53 (1998b)
Davidson, W.: The location of foreign direct investment activity: Country characteristics and experience effects. Journal of International Business Studies 12, 9–22 (1980)
Dunning, J., McQueen, M.: Transnational corporations in the international tourism. UNCTC, New York (1981)
Erramilli, M.: Entry Mode Choice in Service Industries. International Marketing Review 7(5), 50–62 (1990)
Erramilli, M.: The experience factor in foreign markets entry behavior of service firms. Journal of International Business Studies 22(5), 135–150 (1991)
Erramilli, M., Agarwal, S., Dev, C.: Choice between Non-Equity Entry Modes: An Orga-nisational Capability Perspective. Journal of International Business Studies 33(2), 223–242 (2002)
Franko, L.: The European multinationals. Greylock Publishers, Stanford (1976)
Gatignon, H., Anderson, E.: The multinational corporation’s degree of control over foreign subsidiaries: An empirical test of a transaction cost explanation. Journal of Law Economics, and Organisation 4(2), 305–336 (1988)
Gil, J.: La gestiĂłn interactiva de los recursos humanos en la incertidumbre. Ed. Centro de Estudios RamĂłn Areces, Madrid (1995)
Gil-Lafuente, A.M., AnselĂn, E.: Fuzzy logic in the strategic analysis: impact of the external factors over business. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research (2009)
Gil-Lafuente, A.M., Barcellos de Paula, L.: Una aplicaciĂłn de la metodologĂa de los efectos olvidados: los factores que contribuyen al crecimiento sostenible de la empresa. Cuadernos del Cimbage 12, 23–52 (2010)
Gil-Lafuente, A.M., Gil Aluja, J.: Fuzzylog. Patente (2009)
Gil-Lafuente, A.M., Luis-Bassa, C.: Identificación de los atributos contemplados por los clientes en una estrategia CRM utilizando el modelo de efectos olvidados. Cuadernos del Cimbage 13, 107–127 (2011)
Hymer, S.: The international operations of national firms: A study of direct foreign investment. The MIT Press, Cambridge (1976)
Ingram, H.: Book Review: Franchising Hospitality Services. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 13(5), 267–268 (2001)
Kaufmann, A., Gil, J.: Models per a la investigació d’efectes oblidats. Ed. Milladoiro, D.L. Vigo (1988)
Kim, C., Hwang, P.: Global Strategy and multinational entry mode choice. Journal of International Business Studies 23(1), 29–53 (1992)
Kogut, B., Singh, H.: The Effect of National Culture on the Choice of Entry Mode. Journal of International Business Studies 19, 411–432 (1988)
Lashley, C., Morrison, A.: In Search of Hospitality: Theoretical Perspectives and Debates. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford (2000)
Martorell, O.: The growth strategies of hotel chains. Best business practices by leading companies. The Haworth Hospitality Press (2006)
Martorell, O., Mulet, C., Rosselló, M.: Valuing growth strategy management by hotel chains based on the real options approach. Tourism Economics 14(3), 511–526 (2008)
Martorell, O., Mulet, C.: The franchise contract in hotel chains: a study of hotel chain growth and market concentrations. Tourism Economics 16(3), 493–516 (2010)
Okumus, F.: Implementation of Yield Management Practices in Service Organisation: Empirical Findings from a Major Hotel Group. The Service Industries Journal 24(6), 65–89 (2004)
Stanworth, J., Curran, J.: Colas, Burgers, Shakes and Shirkers: Towards a Sociological Model of Franchising in the Market Economy. Journal of Business Venturing 14(4), 323–344 (1999)
Stanworth, J., Stanworth, C., Watson, A., Purdy, D., Healeas, S.: Franchising as a Small Business Growth Strategy. International Small Business Journal 22, 539–559 (2004)
Stopford, J., Wells, L.: Managing the Multinational Enterprise. Organization of the Firm and Ownership of the Subsidiaries. Basic Books, Inc., New York (1972)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Martorell-Cunill, O., Gil-Lafuente, A.M., Socias SalvĂ , A., Mulet Forteza, C. (2012). Non-equity Agreements in the Hospitality Industry: Analysis from the Perspective of the Forgotten Effects. In: Gil-Lafuente, A., Gil-Lafuente, J., MerigĂł-Lindahl, J. (eds) Soft Computing in Management and Business Economics. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, vol 287. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30451-4_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30451-4_19
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-30450-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-30451-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)