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Microbial Fuel Cells for Bioenergy and Bioproducts

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Sustainable Bioenergy and Bioproducts

Part of the book series: Green Energy and Technology ((GREEN))

Abstract

Redox reactions are essential in microbial bioenergetics. Oxidation of an organic carbon and reduction of an oxidant such as oxygen, sulfate and nitrate in the cytoplasm of a microbe. This respiration process provides energy for various cellular activities and maintenance as well as building blocks for organic syntheses. Because the cellular respiration efficiency is around 40, 60% of the energy is released in the form of unrecoverable low-grade heat. No electricity is produced from the redox reaction because the electrons released by the oxidation reaction are taken up locally by the reduction reaction in the cytoplasm. The purpose of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) is to harvest the electrons from organic carbon oxidation by employing electrogenic microbes to donate the electrons to an anode in the absence of an utilizable oxidant around the anode. The electrons flow through an external circuit to drive a load before returning to a cathode where they are used for reduction of an oxidant. MFCs can digest low-grade organic carbon sources while yielding high Coulombic efficiencies. They present a potentially attractive alternative for the sustainable production of bioenergy and bioproducts from renewable organic feed streams through biocatalysis by microorganisms. In recent years, heightened concerns over depleting fossil fuel supplies, most noticeably petroleum, and global warming due to increased carbon emission, many efforts have been devoted to MFC research to debottleneck various factors that hamper practical applications of MFCs. Although no large-scale applications have been reported, the improvements in MFC designs and operations have made MFCs closer to eventual practical applications in the production of bioenergy and bioproducts from feed streams that are typically wastes such as wastewater. This chapter reviews various advances in the understanding of MFC mechanisms, reactor designs and operations for improved production of renewable bioenergy and bioproducts such as hydrogen, methane, hydrogen peroxide and ethanol. The limitations, areas for improvement and perspectives for future outlooks of MFCs are also discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China

    Minghua Zhou, Tao Jin & Meiling Chi

  2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China

    Zucheng Wu

  3. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA

    Tingyue Gu

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  1. Minghua Zhou
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  2. Tao Jin
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  3. Zucheng Wu
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  4. Meiling Chi
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  5. Tingyue Gu
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  1. Dept. Civil &, Construction Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, 50010, Iowa, USA

    Kasthurirangan Gopalakrishnan

  2. Iowa State University, Town Engineering Building 376, Ames, 50011, USA

    J. (Hans) van Leeuwen

  3. Iowa State University, Marston Hall 411, Ames, 50011, USA

    Robert C. Brown

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Zhou, M., Jin, T., Wu, Z., Chi, M., Gu, T. (2012). Microbial Fuel Cells for Bioenergy and Bioproducts. In: Gopalakrishnan, K., van Leeuwen, J., Brown, R. (eds) Sustainable Bioenergy and Bioproducts. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2324-8_8

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