Abstract
About one in every three individuals will experience chronic pain in their lifetime, and opioids are known to be an effective means to treat this condition. Much attention, however, has been given to the fact that prescription opioid analgesics are some of the most frequently abused drugs, and misuse is prominent in patients with chronic pain. Several new opioid formulations that are designed to prevent or deter the abuse of opioids are currently in development, and two have been approved for marketing (morphine sulphate co-formulated with naltrexone hydrochloride [Embeda®] and a new formulation of the extended-release oxycodone [OxyContin®]).
In this article, we review the various types of abuse-deterrent and tamper-resistant formulations in clinical development. We believe that continued advances in opioid formulations can help mitigate risk for those with legitimate need for pain control, but only if used rationally in the context of good clinical practice.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to especially thank Florence Paillard from Analgesic Solutions for helping to write and edit an earlier version of this manuscript, and Kevin Flynn, Beatrice Mendez and Nathanial Katz from Analgesic Solutions for their editorial assistance. This review was supported in part by a grant from King Pharmaceuticals, Bristol, TN, USA and a grant (R21 DA024298, Jamison, PI) from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Dr Schneider has received honoraria for being on the speaker’s bureaux of Endo Pharmaceuticals, King Pharmaceuticals and Cephalon, and has received support from Covidien. Dr Matthews has received honoraria for being on the speaker’s bureau for PriCara. Dr Jamison has received grant support from Endo Pharmaceuticals for an investigator-initiated trial and has been a consultant for King Pharmaceuticals, Abbott, Cephalon, Alpharm and Medtronic.
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Schneider, J.P., Matthews, M. & Jamison, R.N. Abuse-Deterrent and Tamper-Resistant Opioid Formulations. CNS Drugs 24, 805–810 (2010). https://doi.org/10.2165/11584260-000000000-00000
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/11584260-000000000-00000