Abstract
In this work, we prove the existence of a tripled point of coincidence theorem for a pair of mappings with φ-contraction mappings in partially ordered metric spaces without G-increasing property of F and mixed monotone property of G, using the concept of a -closed set. We give some examples of a nonlinear contraction mapping, which is not applied to the existence of tripled coincidence point by G using the mixed monotone property. We also show the uniqueness of a tripled point of coincidence of the given mapping. Further, we apply our results to the existence and uniqueness of a tripled point of coincidence of the given mapping with G-increasing property of F and mixed monotone property of G in partially ordered metric spaces.
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1 Introduction
The existence of a fixed point for the contraction type of mappings in partially ordered metric spaces has been studied by Ran and Reurings [1] and they established some new results for contractions in partially ordered metric spaces and presented applications to matrix equations. Following this line of research, Nieto and Rodriguez-Lopez [2, 3] extended the results in [1]. Later, Agarwal et al. [4] presented some new results for contractions in partially ordered metric spaces.
In 1987, Guo and Lakshmikantham [5] introduced the concept of a coupled fixed point. Later, Bhaskar and Lakshmikantham [6] introduced the concept of the mixed monotone property for contractive operators in partially ordered metric spaces. They also give some applications on the existence and uniqueness of the coupled fixed point theorems for mappings which satisfy the mixed monotone property. Lakshimikantham and Ćirić [7] extended the results in [6] by defining the mixed g-monotonicity and proved the existence and uniqueness of coupled coincidence point for such a mapping which satisfy the mixed monotone property in partially ordered metric spaces. As a continuation of this work, many authors conducted research on the coupled fixed point theory and coupled coincidence point theory in partially ordered metric spaces and different spaces. For example, see [7–29].
One of the interesting ways to developed coupled fixed point theory in partially ordered metric spaces is to consider the mapping without the mixed monotone property. Recently, Sintunavarat et al. [18, 19] proved some coupled fixed point theorems for nonlinear contractions without mixed monotone property and extended some coupled fixed point theorems of Bhaskar and Lakshmikantham [6] by using the concept of an F-invariant set due to Samet and Vetro [12]. Later, Kutbi et al. [23] introduced the concept of an F-closed set which is weaker than the concept of an F-invariant set and proved some coupled fixed point theorems without the condition of mixed monotone property.
In 2014, Hussain et al. [15] presented the new concept of generalized compatibility of a pair of mappings and proved some coupled coincidence point results of such a mapping without the mixed G-monotone property of F, which generalized some recent comparable results in the literature. They also showed some examples and an application to integral equations to support the result.
The notion of a tripled fixed point which is a fixed point of order was introduced by Samet and Vetro [12]. Later, in 2011, Berinde and Borcut [30] defined the concept of a tripled fixed point in the case of ordered sets in order to keep the mixed monotone property for nonlinear mappings in partially ordered complete metric spaces and proved existence and uniqueness theorems for contractive type mappings. In 2012, Berinde and Borcut [31] introduced the concept of a tripled coincidence point for a pair of nonlinear contractive mappings and and obtained tripled coincidence point theorems which generalized the results of [30]. Recently, Aydi et al. [32] introduced the concept of W-compatibility for mappings and in an abstract metric space and defined the notion of a tripled point of coincidence. They also established tripled and common point of coincidence theorems in an abstract metric space.
A wide discussion on a tripled coincidence point in partially ordered metric spaces, using mixed the g-monotone property, has been dedicated to the improvement and generalization. Borcut [33] established tripled coincidence point theorems for a pair of mappings and satisfying a nonlinear contractive condition and mixed g-monotone property in partially ordered metric spaces. The presented theorems extended existing results in literature. Recently, Choudhury et al. [34] established some tripled coincidence point results in partially ordered metric spaces depended on another contractions. Very recently, Aydi et al. [35] established tripled coincidence point theorems for a pair of mappings and satisfying weak φ-contractions in partially ordered metric spaces. The results unified, generalized, and complemented various known comparable results by Berinde and Borcut [31]. After the publication of this work, some authors have studied tripled fixed point and tripled coincidence point theory in different directions in several spaces with applications (see [13, 14, 32–48]).
In 2013, Charoensawan [44] introduced the concept of an -invariant set and proved the existence of a tripled coincidence point theorem and a tripled common fixed point theorem for a ϕ-contractive mapping in a complete metric space without the mixed g-monotone property. Very recently, Karapınar et al. [49] showed that the notion of a transitive F-closed (or F-invariant) set is equivalent to the concept of a preordered set, and then some recent multidimensional results using F-invariant sets can be reduced to well-known results on partially ordered metric spaces.
In this work, we generalize and extend a tripled point of coincidence theorem for a pair of mappings with φ-contraction mappings in partially ordered metric spaces without the G-increasing property of F and the mixed monotone property of G by using the concept of a -closed set.
2 Preliminaries
In this section, we give some definitions, propositions, examples, and remarks which are useful for the main results in this paper. Throughout this paper, denotes a partially ordered set with the partial order ⪯. By , we mean . Let be a partially ordered set, the partial order ⪯3 for the product set defined in the following way: for all ,
We say that is comparable to if either or .
Guo and Lakshmikantham [5] introduced the concept of a coupled fixed point as follows.
Definition 2.1 [5]
An element is called a coupled fixed point of a mapping if and .
The concept of a mixed monotone property has been introduced by Bhaskar and Lakshmikantham in [6].
Definition 2.2 [6]
Let be a partially ordered set and . We say F has the mixed monotone property if, for any ,
and
In 2009, Lakshmikantham and Ćirić in [7] introduced the concept of a mixed g-monotone mapping and a coupled coincidence point as follows.
Definition 2.3 [7]
Let be a partially ordered set and and . We say F has the mixed g-monotone property if, for any ,
and
Definition 2.4 [7]
An element is called a coupled coincidence point of mappings and if and .
Definition 2.5 [7]
Let X be a non-empty set and and . We say F and g are commutative if for all .
Hussain et al. [15] introduced the concept of G-increasing and generalized compatibility and proved the coupled coincidence point for such mappings involving the -contractive condition as follows.
Definition 2.6 [15]
Suppose that are two mappings. F is said to be G-increasing with respect to ⪯ if, for all , with we have .
Definition 2.7 [15]
An element is called a coupled coincidence point of mappings if and .
Definition 2.8 [15]
Let . We say that the pair is generalized compatible if
whenever and are sequences in X such that
Definition 2.9 [15]
Let be two maps. We say that the pair is commuting if
Let Φ denote the set of all functions such that:
-
(i)
ϕ is continuous and increasing,
-
(ii)
if and only if ,
-
(iii)
, for all .
Let Ψ be the set of all functions such that for all and .
Theorem 2.10 [15]
Let be a partially ordered set and M be a non-empty subset of and let d be a metric on X such that is a complete metric space. Assume that are two generalized compatible mappings such that F is G-increasing with respect to ⪯, G is continuous and has the mixed monotone property. Suppose that for any , there exist such that and . Suppose that there exist and such that the following holds:
for all with and .
Also suppose that either
-
(a)
F is continuous or
-
(b)
X has the following properties: for any two sequences and with
-
(i)
if a non-decreasing sequence , then for all n,
-
(ii)
if a non-increasing sequence , then for all n.
If there exist with
then there exist such that and , that is, F and G have a coupled coincidence point.
Kutbi et al. [23] introduced the notion of an F-closed set which extended the notion of an F-invariant set as follows.
Definition 2.11 [23]
Let be a mapping, and let M be a subset of . We say that M is an F-closed subset of if, for all ,
In 2010, Samet and Vetro [12] gave the notion of a fixed point of order as follows.
Definition 2.12 [12]
An element is called a tripled point of coincidence of mappings F and g if , and .
In 2012, Berinde and Borcut [31] introduced the concept of a tripled coincidence point and mixed g-monotonicity as follows.
Definition 2.13 [31]
Let be a partially ordered set and two mappings , . We say that F has the mixed g-monotone property if, for any ,
and
Definition 2.14 [31]
An element is called a tripled coincidence point of mappings F and g if , and .
Aydi et al. [35] extended the tripled coincidence point theorems for mixed g-monotone operator obtained by Berinde and Borcut [31]. For the sake of completeness, we recollect the main results of Aydi et al. [35] here.
Let the set of functions .
Theorem 2.15 [35]
Let be a partially ordered set and suppose there is a metric d on X such that is a complete metric space. Let and be such that F has the mixed g-monotone property and . Assume there is a function such that
for all with , and . Assume that F is continuous, g is continuous and commutes with F.
If there exist such that
then there exist such that
Definition 2.16 [35]
Let be a partially ordered set and d be a metric on X. We say that is regular if the following conditions hold:
-
(i)
if a non-decreasing sequence in X, then for all n,
-
(ii)
if a non-increasing sequence in X, then for all n.
Theorem 2.17 [35]
Let be a partially ordered set and suppose there is a metric d on X such that is regular. Suppose that there exist and mappings and are such that (4) hold for any with , and . Suppose also that is complete, F has the mixed g-monotone property, and .
If there exist such that
then there exist such that
Now, we give the notion of a -closed set which is useful for our main results.
Definition 2.18 Suppose that are two mapping. F is said to be G-increasing with respect to ⪯ if, for all , with we have .
Definition 2.19 An element is called a tripled point of coincidence of mappings if , and .
Definition 2.20 Let . We say that the pair is generalized compatible if
whenever , , and are sequences in X such that
Definition 2.21 Let be two maps. We say that the pair is commuting if
Definition 2.22 Let be two mapping, and let M be a subset of . We say that M is an -closed subset of if, for all ,
Definition 2.23 Let be a metric space and M be a subset of . We say that M satisfies the transitive property if and only if, for all ,
Remark The set is a trivially -closed set, which satisfies the transitive property.
Example 2.24 Let be a metric space endowed with a partial order ⪯. Let be two generalized compatible mappings such that F is G-increasing with respect to ⪯, G is continuous and has the mixed monotone property. Define a subset by
Let . It is easy to see that, since F is G-increasing with respect to ⪯, we have
and this implies that
Then M is -closed subset of , which satisfies the transitive property.
3 Main results
Let Φ denote the set of functions satisfying
-
1.
for all ,
-
2.
for all .
Theorem 3.1 Let be a partially ordered set and M be a non-empty subset of and let d be a metric on X such that is a complete metric space. Assume that are two generalized compatible mappings such that G is continuous and for any , there exist such that , , and . Suppose that there exists such that the following holds:
for all with
Also suppose that either
-
(a)
F is continuous or
-
(b)
for any three sequences , , and with
and
for all implies
If there exist such that
and M is an -closed, then there exist such that , , and , that is, F and G have a tripled point of coincidence.
Proof Let be such that
From the assumption, there exist such that
Again from assumption, we can choose such that
By repeating this argument, we can construct three sequences , , and in X such that
Since
and M is -closed, we get
Again, using the fact that M is -closed, we have
Continuing this process, for all , we get
For all , denote
We can suppose that for all . If not, will be a tripled point of coincidence and the proof is finished. From (5), (6), and (7), we have
Therefore, the sequence satisfies
Using property of φ it follows that the sequence is decreasing. Therefore, there exists some such that
We shall prove that . Assume, to the contrary, that . Then by letting in (10) and using the property of φ, we have
a contradiction. Thus and hence
We now prove that , , and are Cauchy sequences in . Suppose, to the contrary, that at least one of the sequences or or is not a Cauchy sequence. Then exists an for which we can find subsequences , of , , of , and , of , respectively, with such that
Further, corresponding to , we can choose in such a way that is the smallest integer with and satisfying (13). Then
Using (13), (14), and the triangle inequality, we have
Letting in (15) and using (12), we get
Again, for all , we have
From (7) and we have
and
Using the transitive property of M, we get
Continuing this process, we have
From (5), (6), and (18), we have
which, by (17), yields
Letting in the above inequality and using (12) and (16) we get
a contradiction. Hence , , and are Cauchy sequences in . Since is complete and (6), there exist such that
Since the pair satisfies the generalized compatibility, from (21), we have
Suppose that assumption (a) holds. For all , by the triangle inequality we have
and
Taking the limit as in (23), (24), and (25). Using (21), (22), and the fact that F and G are continuous, we have
Therefore is a tripled point of coincidence of F and G.
Suppose now assumption (b) holds. Since converges to x, converges to y and converges to z. From (7) and assumption (b), for all , we have
Since the pair satisfies the generalized compatibility, G is continuous and by (21), we have
and
Then, by (5), (6), (27), (28), (29), (30), and the triangle inequality, we have
Letting now in the above inequality and using the property of φ that , we have
which implies that
□
Next, we give an example to validate Theorem 3.1.
Example 3.2 Let , and be defined by
Clearly, G does not satisfy the mixed monotone property.
Now we prove that for any , there exist such that , , and . It is easy to see that there exist such that
Now, we prove that the pair satisfies the generalized compatibility hypothesis. Let , and be three sequences in X such that
Then we must have and it is easy to prove that
Now, for all with
we let be a function defined by , then we have
Therefore condition (5) is satisfied. Thus all the requirements of Theorem 3.1 are satisfied and is a tripled point of coincidence of F and G.
Next, we show the uniqueness of the tripled point of coincidence of F and G.
Theorem 3.3 In addition to the hypotheses of Theorem 3.1, suppose that, for every , there exist such that
Then F and G have a unique tripled point of coincidence. Moreover, if the pair is commuting, then F and G have a unique tripled fixed point, that is, there exist unique such that
Proof From Theorem 3.1, we know that F and G have a tripled point of coincidence. Suppose that , are tripled points of coincidence of F and G, that is,
Now we show that , , and . By the hypothesis there exist such that
We put , and and define three sequences , and as follows:
Since M is -closed and
we have
From
if we use again the property of -closedness, then
By repeating this process, for all , we get
Using (5), (31), and (32), for all n, we have
Using the property that and repeating this process, we get
From and , it follows that for each . Therefore, from (34) we have
This implies that
Similarly, we show that
From (36) and (37), we have
Now let the pair be commuting, we shall prove that F and G have a unique tripled fixed point. Since
and F and G commutes, we have
Denote , , and . Then, by (39) and (40), one gets
Therefore, is a tripled point of coincidence of F and G. Then, by (38) with , , and , it follows that
Thus is a tripled fixed point of G, by (39) and (42), is also a tripled fixed point of F. To prove the uniqueness, assume form another tripled fixed point of F and G. Then is a tripled point of coincidence of F and G. Using (38) and (42), we have
□
Next, we give some application of our results to a tripled point of coincidence theorems with F is G-increasing with respect to ⪯ and G has the mixed monotone property.
Corollary 3.4 Let be a partially ordered set and let d be a metric on X such that is a complete metric space. Assume that are two generalized compatible mappings such that F is G-increasing with respect to ⪯, G is continuous and has the mixed monotone property. Suppose that for any , there exist such that , , and . Suppose that there exists such that the following holds:
for all with , , and .
Also suppose that either
-
(a)
F is continuous or
-
(b)
X has the following properties: for any two sequences and we have
-
(i)
if the non-decreasing sequence , then for all n,
-
(ii)
if the non-increasing sequence , then for all n.
If there exist with
then there exist such that , , and , that is, F and G have a tripled point of coincidence.
Proof We define the subset by
From Example 2.24, M is an -closed set which satisfies the transitive property. For all with , , and , we have
By (5), we get
Since with
we have
If assumption (a) holds, F is continuous. By assumption (a) of Theorem 3.1, we have , , and .
Next, if assumption (b) holds, since F is G-increasing with respect to ⪯, using (43) and (6), we can show that
Therefore
For any three sequences , , and such that is a non-decreasing sequence in X with , is a non-increasing sequence in X with and is a non-decreasing sequence in X with . Using assumption (b), we have
Therefore, we have , for all , and so assumption (b) of Theorem 3.1 holds. Now, since all the hypotheses of Theorem 3.1 hold, F and G have a tripled point of coincidence. The proof is completed. □
Corollary 3.5 In addition to the hypotheses of Corollary 3.4, suppose that, for every , there exist , comparable to and . Then F and G have a unique tripled point of coincidence.
Proof We define the subset by
From Example 2.24, M is an -closed set which satisfies the transitive property. Thus, the proof of the existence of a tripled point of coincidence is straightforward by following the same lines as in the proof of Corollary 3.4.
Next, we show the uniqueness of a tripled point of coincidence of F and G.
Since for all , there exist such that
We can conclude that
Therefore, since all the hypotheses of Theorem 3.3 hold, F and G have a unique tripled point of coincidence. The proof is completed. □
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by Chiang Mai University and the authors would like to express sincere appreciation to Prof. Suthep Suantai for very helpful suggestions and many kind comments.
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Charoensawan, P., Thangthong, C. -Closed set and tripled point of coincidence theorems for generalized compatibility in partially metric spaces. J Inequal Appl 2014, 245 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2014-245
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2014-245