Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Advances in intense femtosecond laser filamentation in air

  • Reviews
  • Published:
Laser Physics

Abstract

This is a review of some recent development in femtosecond filamentation science with emphasis on our collective work. Previously reviewed work in the field will not be discussed. We thus start with a very brief description of the fundamental physics of single filamentation of powerful femtosecond laser pulses in air. Intensity clamping is emphasized. One consequence is that the peak intensity inside one or more filaments would not increase significantly even if one focuses the pulse at very high peak power even up to the peta-watt level. Another is that the clamped intensity is independent of pressure. One interesting outcome of the high intensity inside a filament is filament fusion which comes from the nonlinear change of index of refraction inside the filament leading to cross beam focusing. Because of the high intensity inside the filament, one can envisage nonlinear phenomena taking place inside a filament such as a new type of Raman red shift and the generation of very broad band supercontinuum into the infrared through four-wave-mixing. This is what we call by filamentation nonlinear optics. It includes also terahertz generation from inside the filament. The latter is discussed separately because of its special importance to those working in the field of safety and security in recent years. When the filamenting pulse is linearly polarized, the isotropic nature of air becomes birefringent both electronically (instantaneous) and through molecular wave packet rotation and revival (delayed). Such birefringence is discussed in detailed. Because, in principle, a filament can be projected to a long distance in air, applications to pollution measurement as well as other atmospheric science could be earned out. We call this filamentation atmospheric science. Thus, the following subjects are discussed briefly, namely, lightning control, rain making, remote measurement of electric field, microwave guidance and remote sensing of pollutants. A discussion on the higher order Kerr effect on the physics of filamentation is also given. This is a new hot subject of current debate. This review ends on giving our view of the prospect of progress of this field of filamentation in the future. We believe it hinges upon the development of the laser technology based upon the physical understanding of filamentation and on the reduction in price of the laser system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. R. Y. Chiao, E. Garmire, and C. H. Townes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 479 (1964).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Hercher, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 54, 563 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  3. J. H. Marburger, Prog. Quantum Electron. 4, 35 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. A. Braun, G. Korn, X. Liu, D. Du, J. Squier, and G. Mourou, Opt. Lett. 20, 73 (1995).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. S. L. Chin, S. A. Hosseini, W. Liu, Q. Luo, F. Theberge, N. Aközbek, A. Becker, V. P. Kandidov, O. G. Kosareva, and H. Schroeder, Can. J. Phys. 83, 863 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. A. Couairon and A. Mysyrowicz, Phys. Rep. 44, 47 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. L. Bergé, S. Skupin, R. Nuter, J. Kasparian, and J.-P. Wolf, Rep. Prog. Phys. 70, 1633 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. J. Kasparian and J.-P. Wolf, Opt. Express 16, 466 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. V. P. Kandidov, S. A. Shlenov, and O. G. Kosareva, Quantum Electron. 39, 205 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. S. L. Chin, Femtosecond Laser Filamentation, Monography, Springer series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics, Vol. 55 (Springer Sci. Business Media, New York, 2010).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  11. Self-Focusing: Past and Present, Ed. by R. W. Boyd, S. G. Lukishova, and Y. R. Shen (Springer, New York, 2009).

    Google Scholar 

  12. P. Di Trapani, G. Valiulis, A. Piskarskas, O. Jedrkiewicz, J. Trull, C. Conti, and S. Trillo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 093904 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. M. Kolesik, E. M. Wright, and J. V. Moloney, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 253901 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. A. Couairon, E. Gai auskas, D. Faccio, A. Dubietis, and P. Di Trapani, Phys. Rev. E 73, 016608 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. S. L. Chin, “From Multiphoton to Tunnel Ionization,” in Advances in Multiphoton Processes and Spectroscopy, Ed. by S. H. Lin, A. A. Villaeys, and Y. Fujimura, Vol. 16 (World Sci., Singapore, 2004), pp. 273–306.

    Google Scholar 

  16. D. Strickland and G. Mourou, Opt. Commun. 56, 219 (1985).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Mlejnek, E. M. Wright, and J. V. Moloney, Opt. Lett. 23, 382 (1998).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. G. Fibich, Y. Sivan, Y. Ehrlich, E. Louzon, M. Fraenkel, S. Eisenmann, Y. Katzir, and A. Zigler, Opt. Express 14, 4946 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. O. Kosareva, J.-F. Daigle, N. Panov, T.-J. Wang, S. Hosseini, S. Yuan, G. Roy, V. Makarov, and S. L. Chin, Opt. Lett. 36, 1035 (2011).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. J. Kasparian, R. Sauerbrey, and S. L. Chin, Appl. Phys. B 71, 877 (2000).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. A. Becker, N. Aközbek, K. Vijayalakshmi, E. Oral, C. M. Bowden, and S. L. Chin, Appl. Phys. B 73, 287 (2001).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. W. Liu, S. Petit, A. Becker, N. Akozbek, C. M. Bowden, and S. L. Chin, Opt. Commun. 202, 189 (2002).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. M. B. Gaarde and A. Couairon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 043901 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. W. Liu and S. L. Chin, Phys. Rev. A 76, 013826 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, A. Becker, and S. L. Chin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 023904 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. D. Shwa, S. Eisenmann, G. Marcus, and A. Zigler, Opt. Express 17, 6451 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. F. Théberge, W. Liu, P. Tr. Simard, A. Becker, and S. L. Chin, Phys. Rev. E 74, 036406 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. M. Mlejnek, M. Kolesik, J. V. Moloney, and E. M. Wright, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2938 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Q. Luo, S. A. Hosseini, W. Liu, J.-F. Gravel, O. G. Kosareva, N. A. Panov, N. Aközbek, V. P. Kandidov, G. Roy, and S. L. Chin, Appl. Phys. B 80, 35 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. O. G. Kosareva, N. A. Panov, N. Akozbek, V. P. Kandidov, Q. Luo, S. A. Hosseini, W. Liu, J.-F. Gravel, G. Roy, and S. L. Chin, Appl. Phys. B 82, 111 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. S. A. Hosseini, Q. Luo, B. Ferland, W. Liu, N. Aközbek, G. Roy, and S. L. Chin, Appl. Phys. B 77, 697 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. S. A. Hosseini, Q. Luo, B. Ferland, W. Liu, S. L. Chin, O. G. Kosareva, N. A. Panov, N. Aközbek, and V. P. Kandidov, Phys. Rev. A 70, 033802 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. C. P. Hauri, J. Gautier, A. Trisorio, E. Papalazarou, and P. Zeitoun, Appl. Phys. B 90, 391 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. P. Rohwetter, M. Queisser, K. Stelmaszczyk, M. Fechner, and L. Woste, Phys. Rev. A 77, 013812 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. M. Hentschel, R. Kienberger, Ch. Spielmann, G. A. Reider, N. Milosevic, T. Brabec, P. Corkum, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, Nature 414, 509 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. G. Sansone, E. Benedetti, F. Galegari, C. Vozzi, L. Avaldi, R. Flammini, L. Poletto, P. Villoresi, C. Altucci, R. Velotta, S. Stagira, S. De Silvestri, and M. Nisoli, Science 314, 443 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. C. P. Hauri, W. Kornelis, F. W. Helbing, A. Heinrich, A. Couairon, A. Mysyrowicz, J. Biegert, and U. Keller, Appl. Phys. B 79, 673 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. M. Nisoli, S. D. Silvestri, and O. Svelto, Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 2793 (1996).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. X. Chen, X. Li, J. Liu, P. Wei, X. Ge, R. Li, and Z. Xu, Opt. Lett. 32, 2402 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. D. Uryupina, M. Kurilova, A. Mazhorova, N. Panov, R. Volkov, S. Gorgutsa, O. Kosareva, A. Savel’ev, and S. L. Chin, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27, 667 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. M. Ghotbi, P. Trabs, and M. Beutler, Opt. Lett. 36, 463 (2011).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. O. D. Mücke, S. Ališauskas, A. J. Verhoef, A. Pugzlys, A. Baltuška, V. Smilgevi@cus, J. Pocius, L. Giniünas, R. Danielius, and N. Forget, Opt. Lett. 34, 2498 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. J. Bernhardt, W. Liu, S. L. Chin, and R. Sauerbrey, Appl. Phys. B 91, 45 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. W. Liu and S. L. Chin, Opt. Express 13, 5750 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. O. G. Kosareva, W. Liu, N. A. Panov, J. Bernhardt, Z. Ji, M. Sharifi, R. Li, Z. Xu, J. Liu, Z. Wang, J. Ju, X. Lu, Y. Jiang, Y. Leng, X. Liang, V. P. Kandidov, and S. L. Chin, Laser Phys. 19, 1776 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. Z. G. Ji, J. S. Liu, Z. X. Wang, J. Ju, X. M. Lu, Y. H. Jiang, Y. X. Leng, X. Y. Liang, W. Liu, S. L. Chin, R. X. Li, and Z. Z. Xu, Laser Phys. 20, 886 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. J. Bernhardt, W. Liu, F. Théberge, H. L. Xu, J. F. Daigle, M. Chateauneuf, J. Dubois, and S. L. Chin, Opt. Commun. 281, 1268 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. J. Muth-Boehm, A. Becker, and F. H. M. Faisal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2280 (2000).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. A. Jaron-Becker, A. Becker, and F. H. M. Faisal, Phys. Rev. A 69, 023410 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. A. Talebpour, S. Petit, and S. L. Chin, Opt. Commun. 171, 285 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. A. Talebpour, M. Abdel-Fattah, and S. L. Chin, Opt. Commun. 183, 479 (2000).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. H. L. Xu, A. Azarm, J. Bernhardt, Y. Kamali, and S. L. Chin, Chem. Phys. 360, 171 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. A. Talebpour, J. Yang, and S. L. Chin, Opt. Commun. 163, 29 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. S. Q. Xu, Y. B. Zheng, Y. Liu, and W. Liu, Laser Phys. 20, 1968 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  55. X. Lu, X. L. Liu, T. T. Xi, X. Liu, and J. Zhang, in Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Filamentation (COFIL 2010), Iraklion, Greece, May 31–June 5, 2010, p. 73.

  56. D. J. Mitchell, A. W. Snyder, and L. Poladian, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 271 (1996).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  57. V. Tikhonenko, J. Christou, and B. Luther-Davies, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 2698 (1996).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. M.-F. Shih, M. Segev, and G. Salamo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2551 (1997).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. W. Krolikowski and S. Holmstrom, Opt. Lett. 22, 369 (1997).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. G. I. Stegeman and M. Segev, Science 286, 1518 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. A. C. Bernstein, M. McCormick, G. M. Dyer, J. C. Sanders, and T. Ditmire, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 123902 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. Y. Liu, M. Durand, S. Chen, A. Houard, B. Prade, B. Forestier, and A. Mysyrowicz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 055003 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  63. X. Yang J. Wu, Y. Peng, S. Yuan, and H. Zeng, in Proceedings of the CLEO (2008), paper CTuE6; X. Yang, J. Wu, Y. Peng, Y. Tong, P. Lu, L. Ding, Z. Xu, and H. Zeng, Opt. Lett. 34, 3806 (2009).

  64. X. Yang, J. Wu, Y. Peng, Y. Tong, S. Yuan, L. Ding, Z. Xu, and H. Zeng, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 111103 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. T. Xi, X. Lu, and J. Zhang, Opt. Common. 282, 3140 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. N. Aközbek, A. Iwasaki, A. Becker, M. Scalora, S. L. Chin, and C. M. Bowden, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 143901 (2002).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. R. A. Ganeev, H. Singhal, P. A. Naik, J. A. Chakera, M. Kumar, and P. D. Gupta, Phys. Rev. A 82, 043812 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  68. P. Rohwetter, M. Queisser, K. Stelmaszczyk, M. Fechner, and L. Woste, Phys. Rev. A 77, 013812 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  69. H. Stapelfeldt and T. Seideman, Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 543 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  70. H. Cai, J. Wu, P. Lu, X. Bai, L. Ding, and H. Zeng, Phys. Rev. A 80, 051802(R) (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  71. P. Béjot, Y. Petit, L. Bonacina, J. Kasparian, M. Moretand, and J.-P. Wolf, Opt. Express 16, 7564 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  72. J. Wu, H. Cai, P. Lu, X. Bai, L. Ding, and H. Zeng, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 221502 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  73. J. Wu, Y. Tong, X. Yang, H. Cai, P. Lu, H. Pan, and H. Zeng, Opt. Lett. 34, 3211 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  74. T. Xi, X. Lu, and J. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 025003 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  75. B. Shim, S. E. Schrauth, C. J. Hensley, L. T. Vuong, P. Hui, A. A. Ishaaya, and A. L. Gaeta, Phys. Rev. A 81, 061803(R) (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  76. J. Wu, H. Cai, Y. Peng, Y. Tong, A. Couarion, and H. Zeng, Laser Phys. 19, 1759 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  77. H. Cai, J. Wu, P. Lu, Y. Tong, X. Yang, X. Bai, H. Pan, H. Li, and H. Zeng, Sci. China: Phys. Mech. Astron. 53, 1036 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  78. R. Boyd, Nonlinear Optics, 2nd ed. (Academic, New York, 2003).

    Google Scholar 

  79. V. Renard, O. Faucher, and B. Lavorel, Opt. Lett. 30, 70 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  80. H. Cai, J. Wu, A. Couairon, and H. Zeng, Opt. Lett. 34, 827 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  81. J. Wu, H. Cai, Y. Tong, and H. Zeng, Opt. Express 17, 16300 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  82. J. Wu, H. Cai, A. Couarion, and H. Zeng, Phys. Rev. A 79, 063812 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  83. F. Calegari, C. Vozzi, S. Gasilov, E. Benedetti, G. Sansone, M. Nisoli, S. De Silvestri, and S. Stagira, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 123006 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  84. S. Varma, Y.-H. Chen, and H. M. Milchberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 205001 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  85. J. Itatani, J. Levesque, D. Zeidler, H. Niikura, H. Pépin, J. Kieffer, P. B. Corkum, and D. Villeneuve, Nature 432, 867 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  86. R. Bartels, T. Weinacht, N. Wagner, M. Baertschy, C. Greene, M. Murnane, and H. Kapteyn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 013903 (2002).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  87. J. Wu, H. Cai, H. Zeng, and A. Couairon, Opt. Lett. 33, 2593 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  88. J. Wu, H. Cai, A. Couarion, and H. Zeng, Phys. Rev. A 80, 013828 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  89. T. Kanai, S. Minemoto, and H. Sakai, Nature 435, 470 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  90. J. Wu, H. Qi, and H. Zeng, Phys. Rev. A 77, 053412 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  91. Y. Chen, C. Marceau, F. Théberge, M. Chateauneuf, J. Dubois, and S. L. Chin, Opt. Lett. 33, 2731 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  92. D. Faccio, A. Averchi, A. Lotti, P. D. Trapani, A. Couairon, D. Papazoglou, and S. Tzortzakis, Opt. Express 16, 1565 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  93. H. Zeng, J. Wu, H. Xu, K. Wu, and E. Wu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 143903 (2004); H. Zeng, K. Wu, H. Xu, and J. Wu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 061102 (2005); H. Zeng, J. Wu, H. Xu, and K. Wu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 083902 (y2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  94. H. Xu and H. Zeng, Opt. Lett. 32, 1944 (2007); H. Xu and H. Zeng, Opt. Lett. 32, 820 (2007); W. Lei, J. Wu, H. Cai, and H. Zeng, Opt. Lett. 34, 166 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  95. X. Yang, J. Wu, Y. Tong, L. Ding, Z. Xu, and H. Zeng, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 071108 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  96. F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, J. Filion, and S. L. Chin, Opt. Commun. 276, 298 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  97. X. Yang, J. Wu, Y. Peng, Y. Tong, S. Yuan, L. Ding, Z. Xu, and H. Zeng, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 111103 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  98. J. Yu, D. Mondelain, G. Ange, R. Volk, S. Niedermeier, J. P. Wolf, J. Kasparian, and R. Sauerbrey, Opt. Lett. 26, 533 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  99. H. Cai, J. Wu, Y. Peng, and H. Zeng, Opt. Express 17, 5822 (2009).

    Google Scholar 

  100. J. Wu, H. Cai, Y. Peng, and H. Zeng, Phys. Rev. A 79, 041404(R) (2009).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  101. F. A. Ilkov, L. Sh. Ilkova, and S. L. Chin, Opt. Lett. 18, 681 (1993).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  102. H. Cai, J. Wu, X. Bai, H. Pan, and H. Zeng, Opt. Lett. 35, 49 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  103. J. Wu, H. Zeng, and C. Guo, Phys. Rev. A 75, 043402 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  104. H. Cai, J. Wu, H. Li, X. Bai, and H. Zeng, Opt. Express 17, 21060 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. Y. Wang, X. Dai, J. Wu, L. Ding, and H. Zeng, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 031105 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  106. S. L. Chin, F. Théberge, and W. Liu, Appl. Phys. B 86, 477 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  107. F. Théberge, Q. Luo, W. Liu, S. A. Hosseini, M. Sharifi, and S. L. Chin, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 081108 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  108. L. Berge, S. Skupin, G. Mejean, J. Kasparian, J. Yu, S. Frey, E. Salmon, and J. P. Wolf, Phys. Rev. E 71, 016602 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  109. F. Théberge and S. L. Chin, Patent US No. 7729044 B2 (2010).

  110. T. Fuji, T. Horio, and T. Suzuki, Opt. Lett. 32, 2481 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  111. T. Fuji, T. Suzuki, E. E. Serebryannikov, and A. Zheltikov, Phys. Rev. A 80, 063822 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  112. F. Théberge, M. Chateauneuf, V. Ross, P. Mathieu, and J. Dubois, Opt. Lett. 33, 2515 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  113. F. Théberge, M. Chateauneuf, G. Roy, P. Mathieu, and J. Dubois, Phys. Rev. A 81, 033821 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  114. Y. Chen, F. Théberge, C. Marceau, H. Xu, N. Akozbek, O. Kosareva, and S. L. Chin, Appl. Phys. B 91, 219 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  115. F. M. Mitschke and L. F. Mollenauer, Opt. Lett. 11, 659 (1986).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  116. J. P. Gordon, Opt. Lett. 11, 662 (1986).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  117. X. Liu, C. Xu, W. H. Knox, J. K. Chandalia, B. J. Eggleton, S. G. Kosinski, and R. S. Windeler, Opt. Lett. 26, 358 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  118. G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics (Academic, San Diego, CA, 2001).

    Google Scholar 

  119. D. Faccio, A. Averchi, A. Couairon, M. Kolesik, J. V. Moloney, A. Dubietis, G. Tamosauskas, P. Polesana, A. Piskarskas, and P. Di Trapani, Opt. Express 15, 13077 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  120. H. Hamster, A. Sullivan, S. Gordon, W. White, and R. W. Falcone, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 2725 (1993).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  121. H. Hamster, A. Sullivan, S. Gordon, and R. W. Falcone, Phys. Rev. E 49, 671 (1994).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  122. T. Löffler, F. Jacob, and H. G. Roskos, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 453 (2000).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  123. T. Löffler and H. G. Roskos, J. Appl. Phys. 91, 2611 (2002).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  124. D. J. Cook and R. M. Hochstrasser, Opt. Lett. 25, 1210 (2000).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  125. M. Kress, T. Löffler, S. Eden, M. Thomson, and H. G. Roskos, Opt. Lett. 29, 1120 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  126. T. Bartel, P. Gaal, K. Reimann, M. Woerner, and T. Elsaesser, Opt. Lett. 30, 2805 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  127. X. Xie, J.-M. Dai, and X.-C. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 075005 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  128. M. D. Thomson, M. Kreß, T. Löffler, and H. G. Roskos, Laser Photon. Rev. 1, 349 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  129. J. Dai, X. Xie, and X.-C. Zhang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 211102 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  130. M.-K. Chen, J. H. Kirn, C.-E. Yang, S. S. Yin, R. Hui, and P. Ruffin, Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 231102 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  131. A. Houard, Y. Liu, B. Prade, and A. Mysyrowicz, Opt. Lett. 33, 1195 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  132. Y. Zhang, Y. Chen, S. Xu, H. Lian, M. Wang, W. Liu, S. L. Chin, and G. Mu, Opt. Lett. 34, 2841 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  133. D. Dietze, J. Darmo, S. Roither, A. Pugzlys, J. N. Heyman, and K. Unterrainer, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 26, 2016 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  134. K. Y. Kim, J. H. Glownia, A. J. Taylor, and G. Rodriguez, Opt. Express 15, 4577 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  135. K. Y. Kim, A. J. Taylor, J. H. Glownia, and G. Rodriguez, Nature Photon. 2, 605 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  136. X.-Y. Peng, C. Li, M. Chen, T. Toncian, R. Jung, O. Willi, Y.-T. Li, W.-M. Wang, S.-J. Wang, F. Liu, A. Pukhov, Z.-M. Sheng, and J. Zhang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 101502 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  137. N. Kaipowicz and X.-C. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 093001 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  138. J. Dai, N. Karpowicz, and X.-C. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 023001 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  139. H. Wen and A. M. Lindenberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 023902 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  140. F. Blanchard, G. Sharma, X. Ropagnol, L. Razzari, R. Morandotti, and T. Ozaki, Opt. Express 17, 6044 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  141. J.-M. Manceau, A. Averchi, F. Bonaretti, D. Faccio, P. Di Trapani, A. Couairon, and S. Tzortzakis, Opt. Lett. 34, 2165 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  142. C. D’Amico, A. Houard, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, A. Couairon, and V. T. Tikhonchuk, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 235002 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  143. Y. Chen, C. Marceau, W. Liu, Z.-D Sun, Y. Zhang, F. Théberge, M. Chateauneuf, J. Dubois, and S. L. Chin, Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 231116 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  144. Y. Zhang, Y. Chen, C. Marceau, W. Liu, Z.-D. Sun, S. Xu, F. Théberge, M. Chateauneuf, J. Dubois, and S. L. Chin, Opt. Express 16, 15483 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  145. A. Houard, Y. Liu, B. Prade, V. T. Tikhonchuk, and A. Mysyrowicz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 255006 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  146. Y. Chen, T.-J. Wang, C. Marceau, F. Théberge, M. Chateauneuf, J. Dubois, O. Kosareva, and S. L. Chin, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 101101 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  147. Y. Liu, A. Houard, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, A. Diaw, and V. T. Tikhonchuk, Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 051108 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  148. Y. Liu, A. Houard, B. Prade, S. Akturk, A. Mysyrowicz, and V. T. Tikhonchuk, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 135002 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  149. T.-J. Wang, Y. Chen, C. Marceau, F. Théberge, M. Chateauneuf, J. Dubois, and S. L. Chin, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 131108 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  150. W. Liu, F. Théberge, J.-F. Daigle, P. T. Simard, S. M. Sarifi, Y. Kamali, H. L. Xu, and S. L. Chin, Appl. Phys. B 85, 55 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  151. J.-M. Manceau, M. Massaouti, and S. Tzortzakis, Opt. Exp. 18, 18894 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  152. T.-J. Wang, C. Marceau, Y. Chen, S. Yuan, F. Théberge, M. Chateauneuf, J. Dubois, and S. L. Chin, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 211113 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  153. M. Durand, Y. Liu, A. Houard, and A. Mysyrowicz, Opt. Lett. 35, 1710 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  154. J. Wu, Y. Tong, M. Li, H. Pan, and H. Zeng, Phys. Rev. A 82, 053416 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  155. T.-J. Wang, S. Yuan, Z.-D. Sun, C. Marceau, Y. Chen, F. Théberge, M. Chateauneuf, J. Dubois, and S. L. Chin, Laser Phys. Lett. 8, 295 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  156. J. M. Dai, X. F. Lu, J. Liu, I. C. Ho, N. Karpowicz, and X.-C. Zhang, THz Sci. Technol. 2, 131 (2009).

    Google Scholar 

  157. T.-J. Wang, S. Yuan, Y. Chen, J.-F. Daigle, C. Marceau, F. Théberge, M. Chateauneuf, J. Dubois, and S. L. Chin, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 111108 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  158. T.-J. Wang, J.-F. Daigle, Y. Chen, C. Marceau, F. Théberge, M. Chateauneuf, J. Dubois, and S. L. Chin, Laser Phys. Lett. 7, 517 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  159. T.-J. Wang, C. Marceau, S. Yuan, Y. Chen, Q. Wang, F. Théberge, M. Chateauneuf, J. Dubois, and S. L. Chin, Laser Phys. Lett. 8, 57 (2011).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  160. J. Liu and X.-C. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 235002 (2009); IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 17, 229 (2011).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  161. J. Liu, J. Dai, S. L. Chin, and X.-C. Zhang, Nature Photon. 4, 627 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  162. C. Marceau, Y. Chen, F. Théberge, M. Chateauneuf, J. Dubois, and S. L. Chin, Opt. Lett. 34, 1417 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  163. S. Yuan, T.-J. Wang, O. Kosareva, N. Panov, V. A. Makarov, H. Zeng, and S. L. Chin, in preparation (2011).

  164. O. Kosareva, N. Panov, V, Makarov, I. Perezhogin, C. Marceau, Y. Chen, S. Yuan, T.-J. Wang, H. Zeng, A. Savel’ev, and S. L. Chin, Opt. Lett. 35, 2904 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  165. C. Marceau, S. Ramakrishna, S. Génier, T.-J. Wang, Y. Chen, F. Théberge, M. Chateauneuf, J. Dubois, T. Seideman, and S. L. Chin, Opt. Commun. 283, 2732 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  166. A. Azarm, S. Ramakrishna, A. Talebpour, S. Hosseini, Y. Teranishi, H. L. Xu, Y. Kamali, J. Bernhardt, S. H. Lin, T. Seideman, and S. L. Chin, J. Phys. B 43, 235602 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  167. T. Seideman, J. Chem. Phys. 103, 7887 (1995).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  168. T. Seideman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4971 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  169. T. Seideman, J. Chem. Phys. 115, 5965 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  170. C. M. Dion, A. Keller, O. Atabek, and A. D. Bandrauk, Phys. Rev. A 59, 1382 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  171. B. Friedrich and D. Herschbach, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4623 (1995).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  172. B. A. Zon and B. G. Katsnel’son, Sov. Phys. JETP 42, 595 (1976).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  173. H. Loesch and J. Moller, Faraday Discuss. 113, 241 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  174. P. A. Block, E. J. Bohac, and R. E. Miller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1303 (1992).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  175. F. Rosca-Pruna and M. J. J. Vrakking, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 153902 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  176. C. Leichtle, I. S. Averbukh, and W. P. Schleich, Phys. Rev. A 54, 5299 (1996).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  177. Z.-C. Yan and T. Seideman, J. Chem. Phys. 111, 4113 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  178. T. Seideman, Phys. Rev. A 56, R17 (1997).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  179. J. G. Underwood, M. Spanner, M. Y. Ivanov, J. Mottershead, B. J. Sussman, and A. Stolow, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 223001 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  180. T. P. Rakitzis, A. J. van den Brom, and M. H. M. Janssen, Science 303, 1852 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  181. V. Aquilanti, M. Bartolomei, F. Pirani, D. Cappelletti, Vecchiocattivi, Y. Shimizu, and T. Ka-sai, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 7, 291 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  182. B. Friedrich and D. Herschbach, J. Phys. Chem. A 103, 10280 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  183. T. Kanai and H. Sakai, J. Chem. Phys. 115, 5492 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  184. R. Baumfalk, N. H. Nahler, and U. Buck, J. Chem. Phys. 114, 4755 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  185. H. Ohmura and T. Nakanaga, J. Chem. Phys. 120, 5176 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  186. H. Sakai, S. Minemoto, H. Nanjo, H. Tanji, and T. Suzuki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 083001 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  187. H. Sakai, S. Minemoto, H. Nanjo, H. Tanji, and T. Suzuki, Eur. Phys. J. D 26, 33 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  188. A. Matos-Abiague and J. Berakdar, Phys. Rev. A 68, 063411 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  189. A. Matos-Abiague and J. Berakdar, Chem. Phys. Lett. 382, 475 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  190. D. Sugny, A. Keller, O. Atabek, D. Daems, C. M. Dion, S. Guérin, and H. R. Jauslin, Phys. Rev. A 69, 033402 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  191. D. Sugny, A. Keller, O. Atabek, D. Daems, S. Guérin, and H. R. Jauslin, Phys. Rev. A 69, 043407 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  192. M. Spanner, E. A. Shapiro, and M. Ivanov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 093001 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  193. C. M. Dion, A. D. Bandrauk, O. Atabek, A. Keller, H. Umeda, and Y. Fujimura, Chem. Phys. Lett. 302, 215 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  194. S. Guérin, L. P. Yatsenko, H. R. Jauslin, O. Faucher, and B. Lavorel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 233601 (2002).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  195. O. Atabek, C. M. Dion, and A. B. H. Yedder, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 36, 4667 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  196. S. Ramakrishna and T. Seideman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 113001 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  197. J. Ohkubo, T. Kato, H. Kono, and Y. Fujimura, J. Chem. Phys. 120, 9123 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  198. S. Ramakrishna and T. Seideman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 103001 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  199. V. Renard, M. Renard, S. Guérin, Y. T. Pashayan, B. Lavorel, O. Faucher, and H. R. Jauslin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 153601 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  200. T. Seideman and E. Hamilton, Ad. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 52, 289 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  201. S. De, I. Znakovskaya, D. Ray, F. Anis, N. G. Johnson, I. A. Bocharova, M. Magrakvelidze, B. D. Esry, C. L. Cocke, I. V. Litvinyuk, and M. F. Kling, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 153002 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  202. A. Hishikawa, H. Hasegawa, and K. Yamanouchi, Phys. Scripta T 110, 108 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  203. T. Okino, Y. Furukawa, P. Liu, T. Ichikawa, R. Itakura, K. Hoshina, K. Yamanouchi, and H. Nakano, Chem. Phys. Lett. 423, 220 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  204. H. Hasegawa, A. Hishikawa, and K. Yamanouchi, Chem. Phys. Lett. 349, 57 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  205. F. Légaré, K. F. Lee, I. V. Litvinyuk, P. W. Dooley, A. D. Bandrauk, D. M. Villeneuve, and P. B. Corkum, Phys. Rev. A 72, 052717 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  206. J. Gagnon, K. F. Lee, D. M. Rayner, P. B. Corkum, and V. R. Bhardwaj, J. Phys B.: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 41, 215104 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  207. R. Dörner, V. Mergel, O. Jagutzki, L. Spielberger, J. Ullrich, R. Moshammer, and H. Schmidt-Böcking, Phys. Rep. 330, 95 (2000).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  208. E. Gagnon, A. S. Sandhu, A. Paul, K. Hagen, A. Czasch, T. Jahnke, P. Ranitovic, C. L. Cocke, B. Walker, M. M. Murnane, and H. C. Kapteyn, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 063102 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  209. Y.-H. Chen, S. Varma, I. Alexeev, and H. M. Milchberg, Opt. Express 15, 7458 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  210. Y.-H. Chen, S. Varma, and H. M. Milchberg, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 25, B122 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  211. V. Renard, M. Renard, A. Rouzée, S. Guérir, H. R. Jauslin, B. Lavorel, and O. Faucher, Phys. Rev. A 70, 033420 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  212. F. Calegari, C. Vozzi, and S. Stagira, Phys. Rev. A 79, 023827 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  213. J.-F. Ripoche, G. Grillon, B. Prade, M. France, E. Nibbering, R. Lange, and A. Mysyrowicz, Opt. Commun. 135, 310 (1997).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  214. P. Reckenthaeler, M. Centurion, W. Fü, S. A. Trushin, F. Krausz, and E. E. Fill, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 213001 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  215. R. Velotta, N. Hay, M. B. Mason, M. Castillejo, and J. P. Marangos, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 183901 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  216. Y. Mairesse, D. Zeidler, N. Dudovich, M. Spanner, J. Levesque, D. M. Villeneuve, and P. B. Corkum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 143903 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  217. Y. Mairesse, J. Levesque, N. Dudovich, P. B. Corkum, and D. M. Villeneuve, J. Mod. Opt. 55, 2591 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  218. B. K. McFarland, J. P. Farrell, P. H. Bucksbaum, and M. Gühr, Science 322, 1232 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  219. N. Kajumba, R. Torres, J. G. Underwood, J. S. Robinson, S. Baker, J. W. G. Tisch, R. de Nalda, W. A. Bryan, R. Velotta, C. Altucci, I. Procino, I. C. E. Turcu, and J. P. Marangos, New J. Phys. 10, 025008 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  220. S. Ramakrishna and T. Seideman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 113901 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  221. A. Talebpour, M. Abdel-Fattah, A. D. Bandrauk, and S. L. Chin, Laser Phys. 11, 68 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  222. M. V. Fedorov and A. M. Movsesian, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt Phys. 21, L155 (1988).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  223. M. V. Fedorov, in Progress Inultrafast Intense Laser Science, Ed. by K. Yamanouchi, P. Agostini, L. Chin, and G. Farante, Vol. 1 (Springer, Berlin, 2006), pp. 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  224. I. V. Litvinyuk, K. F. Lee, P. W. Dooley, D. M. Rayner, D. M. Villeuneuve, and P. B. Corkum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 233003 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  225. S. L. Chin, H. L. Xu, Q. Luo, F. Théberge, W. Liu, J. F. Daigle, Y. Kamali, P. T. Simard, J. Bernhardt, S. A. Hosseini, M. Sharifi, G. Méjean, A. Azarm, C. Marceau, O. Kosareva, V. P. Kandidov, N. Aközbek, A. Becker, G. Roy, P. Mathieu, J. R. Simard, M. Chateauneuf, and J. Dubois, Appl. Phys. B 95, 1 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  226. S. L. Chin and K. Miyazaki, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38, 2011 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  227. X. M. Zhao, J.-C. Diel, C. Y. Wang, and J. M. Elizondo, IEEE J. Quantum. Electron. 31, 599 (1995).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  228. S. Tzortzakis, B. Prade, M. Franco, A. Mysyrowicz, S. Hüller, and P. Mora, Phys. Rev. E 64, 57401 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  229. B. L. Fontaine, F. Vidal, D. Comtois, C.-Y. Chien, A. Desparois, T. W. Johnston, J.-C. Keffer, H. P. Mercure, H. Pépin, and F. A. M. Rizk, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 27, 688 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  230. F. Vidal, D. Comtois, C. Y. Chien, A. Desparois, B. La Fontaine, T. W. Johnston, J. C. Kieffer, H. Mercure, H. Pépin, and F. A. Rizk, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 28, 418 (2000).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  231. H. Pépin, D. Comtois, F. Vidal, C. Y. Chien, A. Desparois, T. W. Johnston, J. C. Kieffer, B. La Fontaine, F. Martin, F. A. M. Rizk, C. Potvin, P. Couture, H. P. Mercure, A. Bondiou-Clergerie, P. Lalande, and I. Gallimberti, Phys. Plasma 8, 2532 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  232. D. Comtois, H. Pépin, F. Vidal, F. A. M. Rizk, C. Y. Chien, T. Y. Johnston, J.-C. Kieffer, B. La Fontaine, F. Martin, C. Potvin, P. Couture, H. P. Mercure, A. Bondiou-Clergerie, P. Lalande, and Ivo Gallimberti, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 31, 377 (2003); IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 31, 387 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  233. T. Fujii, M. Miki, N. Goto, A. Zhidkov, T. Fukuchi, Y. Oishi, and K. Nemoto, Phys. Plasma 15, 013107 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  234. T. Fujii, N. Goto, M. Miki, T. Nayuki, T. Shindo, and K. Nemoto, Trans. Inst. Electr. Eng. Jpn. A 125, 765 (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  235. N. Goto, M. Miki, T. Fujii, T. Nayuki, T. Sekiya, T. Shindo, and K. Nemoto, Trans. Inst. Electr. Eng. Jpn. A 125, 1059 (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  236. M. Rodriguez, R. Sauerbrey, H. Wille, L. Wõste, T. Fuji, Y.-B. Andr, A. Mysyrowicz, L. Klingbeil, K. Rethmeier, W. Kalkner, J. Kasparian, E. Salmon, J. Yu, and J.-P. Wolf, Opt. Lett. 27, 772 (2002).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  237. D. F. Gordon, A. Ting, R. F. Hubbard, E. Briscoe, C. Manka, S. P. Slinker, A. P. Baronavski, H. D. Ladouceur, P. W. Grounds, and P. G. Girardi, Phys. Plasma 10, 4530 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  238. K. Sugiyama, T. Fujii, M. Miki, M. Yamaguchi, A. Zhidkov, E. Hotta, and K. Nemoto, Opt. Lett. 34, 2964 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  239. K. Sugiyama, T. Fujii, M. Miki, A. Zhidkov, M. Yamaguchi, E. Hotta, and K. Nemoto, Phys. Plasma 17, 043108 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  240. R. Ackermann, A. K. Stelmaszczyk, P. Rohwetter, G. Mejean, E. Salmon, J. Yu, J. Kasparian, G. Méchain, V. Bergmann, S. Schaper, B. Weise, T. Kumm, K. Rethmeier, and W. Kalkner, L. Woeste, and J. P. Wolf, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 5781 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  241. J. Kasparian, R. Ackermann, Y.-B. André, G. Méchain, G. Méjean, B. Prade, P. Rohwetter, E. Salmon, K. Stelmaszczyk, J. Yu, A. Mysyrowicz, R. Sauerbrey, L. Woeste, and J.-P. Wolf, Opt. Express 16, 5757 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  242. J. Kasparian, L. Woeste, and J. P. Wolf, OPN Opti. Photon. News 21, 22 (July/Aug., 2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  243. S. L. Chin, US Patent No. 7184143 B2 (2007).

  244. Y. Kamali, Q. Sun, J.-F. Daigle, A. Azarm, J. Bernhardt, and S. L. Chin, Opt. Commun. 282, 950 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  245. R. M. Measures, Laser Remote Sensing, Fundamentals and Applications (Krieger, Malabar, Florida, 1992).

    Google Scholar 

  246. J.-F. Daigle, Y. Kamali, G. Roy, and S. L. Chin, Appl. Phys. B 93, 759 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  247. J.-F. Daigle, G. Méjean, W. Liu, F. Théberge, H. L. Xu, Y. Kamali, J. Bernhardt, A. Azarm, Q. Sun, P. Mathieu, G. Roy, J.-R. Simard, and S. L. Chin, Appl. Phys. B 87, 749 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  248. F. Kong, Q. Luo, H. L. Xu, M. Sharifi, D. Song, and S. L. Chin, J. Chem. Phys. 125, 133320 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  249. F. Kong, and S. L. Chin, in Progress in Ultrafast Intense Laser Science III, Ed. by K. Yamanouchi, S. L. Chin, P. Agostini, and G. Ferrante (Springer, Berlin, 2008), vol. 3, Ch. 6, p. 113.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  250. A. Azarm, H. L. Xu, Y. Kamali, J. Bernhardt, D. Song, A. Xia, Y. Teranishi, S. H. Lin, F. Kong, and S. L. Chin, J. Phys. B 41, 225601 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  251. D. Song, A. Azarm, Y. Kamali, K. Liu, A. Xia, Y. Teranishi, S. Lin, F. Kong, and S. L. Chin, J. Phys. Chem. A 114, 3087 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  252. Y. Hatano, Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 38, 239 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  253. Y. Hatano, Phys. Rep. 313, 109 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  254. M. Plewicki and R. J. Levis, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 25, 1714 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  255. G. Heck, E. J. Judge, J. Odhner, M. Plewicki, and R. J. Levis, in Remote Sensing via Femtosecond Filament Based Technologies, Proceedings of the 43th Annual GomacTech Conference, Orlando, FL, USA, 16–19 March 2009, session 22-Laser sensing.

  256. J. H. Odhner, D. A. Romanov, and R. J. Levis, SPIE Photon. West Conf. 758, 75820M (2010).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  257. J. H. Odhner, D. A. Romanov, and R. J. Levis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 075005 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  258. E. J. Judge, G. Heck, E. Cerkez Bader, and R. J. Levis, Anal. Chem. 81, 2658 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  259. J. Kasparian, M. Rodriguez, G. Méjean, J. Yu, E. Salmon, H. Wille, R. Bourayou, S. Frey, Y.-B. André, A. Mysyrowicz, R. Sauerbrey, J.-P. Wolf, and L. Woeste, Science 301, 61 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  260. P. Rohwetter, J. Kasparian, K. Stelmaszczyk, Z. Hao, S. Henin, N. Lascoux, W. M. Nakaema, Y. Petit, M. Queiér, R. Salamé, E. Salmon, L. Woestel, and J.-P. Wolf, Nature Photon. 4, 451 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  261. M. Chateauneuf, S. Payeur, J. Dubois, and J.-C. Kieffer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 091104 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  262. A. E. Dormidonov, V. V. Valuev, V. L. Dmitriev, S. A. Shlenov, and V. P. Kandidov, Proc. SPIE 6733, 67332S (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  263. G. Méechain, A. Couairon, Y.-B. Andre, C. D’Amico, M. Franco, B. Prade, S. Tzortzakis, A. Mysyrowicz, and R. Sauerbrey, Appl. Phys. B 79, 379 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  264. S. L. Chin, Y. Chen, O. Kosareva, V. P. Kandidov, and F. Théberge, Laser Phys. 18, 962 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  265. J.-F. Daigle, O. Kosareva, N. Panov, T.-J. Wang, S. Hosseini, S. Yuan, G. Roy, and S. L. Chin, Opt. Commun. (2011, in press).

  266. B. Prade, M. Franco, A. Mysyrowicz, A. Couairon, H. Buersing, B. Eberle, M. Krenz, D. Seiffer, and O. Vasseur, Opt. Lett. 31, 2601 (2006).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  267. A. E. Siegman, Lasers (Univ. Sci. Books, Mill Valley, CA, 1986).

    Google Scholar 

  268. Y. Chen, F. Théberge, O. Kosareva, N. Panov, V. P. Kandidov, and S. L. Chin, Opt. Lett. 32, 3477 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  269. V. Loriot, E. Hertz, O. Faucher, and B. Lavorel, Opt. Express 17, 13429 (2009); Opt. Express 18, 3011 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  270. P. Béjot, J. Kasparian, S. Henin, V. Loriot, T. Vieillard, E. Hertz, O. Faucher, B. Lavorel, and J.-P. Wolf, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 103903 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  271. J.-F. Daigle, Y. Kamali, J. Bernhardt, W. Liu, C. Marceau, A. Azarm, and S. L. Chin, Opt. Commun. 281, 3327 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Optics, Photonics and Laser (COPL), Laval University, Quebec City, Qc, G1 V 0A6, Canada

    S. L. Chin, T. -J. Wang, C. Marceau, Y. P. Chen, J. -F. Daigle, S. Yuan & A. Azarm

  2. State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China

    J. Wu & H. P. Zeng

  3. Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiading, Shanghai, China

    J. S. Liu, R. Li & Z. Z. Xu

  4. International Laser Center, Dept. of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

    O. Kosareva & N. Panov

  5. Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China

    W. W. Liu

  6. Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois, 60208-3113, USA

    T. Seideman

  7. Townes Laser Institute, CREOL College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA

    M. Richardson

Authors
  1. S. L. Chin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. -J. Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. C. Marceau
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. J. Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. J. S. Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. O. Kosareva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. N. Panov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Y. P. Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. J. -F. Daigle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. S. Yuan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. A. Azarm
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. W. W. Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. T. Seideman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. H. P. Zeng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. M. Richardson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. R. Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  17. Z. Z. Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to O. Kosareva.

Additional information

Original Text © Astro, Ltd., 2012.

The article is published in the original.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chin, S.L., Wang, T.J., Marceau, C. et al. Advances in intense femtosecond laser filamentation in air. Laser Phys. 22, 1–53 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1054660X11190054

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1054660X11190054

Keywords

Search

Navigation