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Aggregations of male Bombus muscorum (Hymenoptera: Apidae) at mature nests. Incestuous brothers or amorous suitors?

Les agrégations de mâles de Bombus muscorum (Hymenoptera: Apidae) devant les entrées de nids. Frères incestueux ou soupirants amoureux?

Aggregationen von Bombus muscorum-Männchen (Hymenoptera: Apidae) vor Nesteingängen. Inzestuöse Brüder oder liebestolle Freier?

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Abstract

Aggregations of male bumblebees are occasionally observed at the nest entrances of conspecifics. It has always been assumed that they originate from nearby nests and are hoping to mate with emerging gynes. However, it is possible that they are males from within the nest that have not yet dispersed, or are hoping to mate with their sisters. Inbreeding in Hymenoptera with single locus complimentary sex determination (sl-CSD) is costly and should be avoided. Nevertheless, other taxa with sl-CSD have been found to inbreed in this way. We use microsatellites to compare aggregating males with workers from within a Bombus muscorum nest. All males have genotypes inconsistent with origination from within the nest. Estimates of F IS are near zero, indicating low rates of non-random mating. Clearly male bumblebees can detect mature nests, and congregate in the hope of mating with virgin queens. These data suggest that mechanisms may exist to avoid brother-sister matings at the nest, and perhaps beyond.

Zusammenfassung

Gelegentlich findet man Ansammlungen von männlichen Hummeln an den Ausgängen von voll entwickelten Hummelnestern. Obwohl dies keine bevorzugte Paarungsstrategie der Hummeln darstellt, wurde trotzdem angenommen, dass diese Männchen von anderen Nestern der Umgebung stammen in der Hoffnung, sich mit einer unbegatteten Königin zu paaren, wenn diese das Nest verlässt. Es gibt aber auch die Möglichkeit, dass diese Männchen aus eben diesem Nest stammen und vor dem Ausfliegen hier verweilen, möglicherweise in der Hoffnung sich mit einer ihrer Schwestern zu paaren. Es wird allerdings angenommen, dass sich Inzucht gerade bei Hymenopteren negativ auswirkt und daher vermieden werden sollte. Trotzdem ist bei verschiedenen Hymenopteren-Arten die Paarung zwischen Geschwistern weit verbreitet.

In dieser Arbeit verwendeten wir genetische Marker um festzustellen, ob Männchen, die sich um ein reifes Nest herum sammeln, mit den Individuen innerhalb des Nestes verwandt sind. Die Untersuchungen wurden an zufällig gefundenen Nestern auf einer isolierten schottischen Insel durchgeführt. Zusätzlich überprüften wir anhand des Inzuchtgrades innerhalb der gesamten Population, ob Geschwister-Paarungen üblich sind. Unsere Ergebnisse lassen darauf schließen, dass keines der vor den Nesteingängen versammelten Männchen aus dem jeweiligen Nest stammt. Die Männchen müssen daher aus der Umgebung durch bisher unbekannte Reize angelockt werden. Der Inzuchtgrad innerhalb der Population lag nahe Null, was mit den sehr seltenen Bruder-Schwester-Paarungen übereinstimmt. Unsere Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dass die Mehrzahl der Männchen sich vom Nest entfernt, um Paarungen mit den eigenen Schwestern zu vermeiden. Wir diskutieren frühere Arbeiten bei verwandten Taxa, die eine bevorzugte Paarung mit nicht verwandten Partnern nachgewiesen haben. Wir vermuten, dass Hummeln in der Lage sind, den Verwandtschaftsgrad anhand von kutikulären Duftstoffmustern festzustellen und diese Fähigkeit zur Vermeidung von Inzucht verwenden.

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Correspondence to Ben Darvill.

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Manuscript editor: Walter S. Sheppard

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Darvill, B., Lye, G.C. & Goulson, D. Aggregations of male Bombus muscorum (Hymenoptera: Apidae) at mature nests. Incestuous brothers or amorous suitors?. Apidologie 38, 518–524 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2007032

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2007032

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