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Reply to: Rainfall an unlikely factor in Kīlauea’s 2018 rift eruption

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Fig. 1: Pre-eruptive rainfall data.
Fig. 2: Precursory ground deformation at Kīlauea.

Data availability

All data are open source. Satellite-derived rainfall data (TRMM and GPM satellite data) are available from the NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) EarthData Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center portal (https://doi.org/10.5067/TRMM/TMPA/3H/7). Rainfall gauge data are available from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Centers for Environmental Information climate data portal (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/datasets/GHCND/stations/GHCND:USC00511303/detail). GPS data are available from the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory (http://geodesy.unr.edu/NGLStationPages/stations/). Sentinel-1 ascending- and descending-track SAR acquisitions were obtained through UNAVCO’s Seamless SAR Archive (https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-1-65-2014). Derived time series products of Kīlauea are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3944709 and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3957859.

Code availability

Code required for data access, analysis and display is available, in Jupyter Notebook format, at https://github.com/jifarquharson/Farquharson_Amelung_2020_Kilauea-Nature/blob/master/Farquharson_Amelung_Kilauea_Supplemental_2.ipynb (Fig. 1) and https://github.com/jifarquharson/Farquharson_Amelung_2020_Kilauea-Nature/blob/master/Farquharson_Amelung_Kilauea_Supplemental_1.ipynb (Fig. 2).

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Acknowledgements

Copernicus Sentinel-1 and Cosmo-Skymed SAR data are available thanks to the Group on Earth Observation’s Geohazard Supersites and Natural Laboratory Initiative. This work was supported by funding from NASA’s Interdisciplinary Research in Earth Science programme (grant number 80NSSC17K0028 P00003). Data processing was conducted using Stampede2 at the Texas Advanced Computing Center of the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment, supported by National Science Foundation grant number ACI-1548562, using the public domain InSAR Scientific Computing Environment software of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. We thank B. Varugu for discussions.

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  1. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA

    Jamie I. Farquharson & Falk Amelung

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  1. Jamie I. Farquharson
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  2. Falk Amelung
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Contributions

J.I.F. processed the GPS and rainfall data, and plotted all data. F.A. processed the InSAR data. Both authors contributed to the writing.

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Correspondence to Jamie I. Farquharson.

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Competing interests

This work was supported by funding from NASA’s Interdisciplinary Research in Earth Science programme (grant number 80NSSC17K0028 P00003) exploring the influence of rainfall in triggering volcanism.

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Farquharson, J.I., Amelung, F. Reply to: Rainfall an unlikely factor in Kīlauea’s 2018 rift eruption. Nature 602, E11–E14 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04164-0

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