Modifier proteins, such as ubiquitin, are passed sequentially between trios of enzymes, like batons in a relay race. Crystal structures suggest the mechanism of transfer between the first two enzymes.
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This article and the paper concerned4 were published online on 14 January 2007.
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Trempe, JF., Endicott, J. Pass the protein. Nature 445, 375–376 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05564
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05564
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