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Role of dendritic cells: a step forward for the hygiene hypothesis

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Abstract

The hygiene hypothesis was proposed more than two decades ago, but its mechanism remains unclear. This review focuses on recent advances in the field, especially on the role played by dendritic cells (DCs) and their modulating effects on various infections and allergic diseases, including allergic asthma. DCs isolated from mice long after the resolution of an infection were reported to have a significant modulating effect on allergen-specific Th2 responses in both in vitro and in vivo systems. These DCs showed DC1-like and/or tolerogenic DC capacity, which allowed for the inhibition of allergic responses by immune deviation (enhancing Th1 response) and immune regulation (through regulatory T-cell and Th2 hyporesponsiveness) mechanisms. These findings represented a significant advance in the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the hygiene hypothesis. Further investigation on the mechanisms by which DCs are ‘educated’ by infectious agents and the influence of the type, time, and extent of infections on this ‘education’ process will help us understand immune regulation in disease settings and in the rational design of preventive/therapeutic approaches to allergy/asthma and infections.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by operating grants from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR) and the Manitoba Health Research Council (MHRC) to XY. XY is the Canada Research Chair in Infection and Immunity. XG is a recipient of the MHRC studentship.

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  1. Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Xi Yang & Xiaoling Gao

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  1. Xi Yang
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Correspondence to Xi Yang.

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Yang, X., Gao, X. Role of dendritic cells: a step forward for the hygiene hypothesis. Cell Mol Immunol 8, 12–18 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/cmi.2010.51

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