Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Phase-equilibrium-dominated vapor-liquid-solid mechanism: further evidence

相平衡主导的气-液-固生长机理: 进一步的证据

  • Articles
  • Published:
Science China Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Prediction and design of various nanomaterials is a long-term dream in nanoscience and nanotechnology, which depends on the deep understanding on the growth mechanism. Herein, we report the successful prediction on the growth of AlN nanowires by nitriding Al69Ni31 alloy particles across the liquid-solid (β) phase region (1133–1638°C) based on the phase-equilibrium-dominated vapor-liquid-solid (PED-VLS) mechanism proposed in our previous study. All predictions about the growth of AlN nanowires, the evolutions of lattice parameters and geometries of the coexisting Al-Ni alloy phases are experimentally confirmed quantitatively. The preconditions for the applicability of the PED-VLS mechanism are also clarified. This progress provides the further evidence for the validity of the PED-VLS mechanism and demonstrates a practical guidance for designing and synthesizing different nanomaterials according to corresponding phase diagrams based on the insight into the growth mechanism.

摘要

纳米材料的预测和设计是纳米科学与技术领域的长期梦想, 该梦想的实现有赖于对生长机理的深刻理解. 本文基于我们前期研究揭示 的相平衡主导的气-液-固(VLS)生长机理, 成功地预测了在1133~1638°C温区内通过氮化Al69Ni31合金颗粒生长AlN纳米线的过程, 有关AlN纳米 线的生长、共存Al-Ni合金相的晶格参数及形貌演变等预测均得到了定量化实验结果的证实, 并界定了相平衡主导的VLS生长机理的适用条件. 本文为相平衡主导的VLS生长机理的有效性提供了进一步的实验证据, 同时展示了在生长机理的指导下根据相图设计和制备纳米材料的一个 实例.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Wang X, Zhuang J, Peng Q, et al. A general strategy for nanocrystal synthesis. Nature, 2005, 437: 121–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Morin SA, Bierman MJ, Tong J, et al. Mechanism and kinetics of spontaneous nanotube growth driven by screw dislocations. Science, 2010, 328: 476–480

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Meng F, Morin SA, Forticaux A, et al. Screw dislocation driven growth of nanomaterials. Acc Chem Res, 2013, 46: 1616–1626

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Wagner RS, Ellis WC. Vapor-liquid-solid mechanism of single crystal growth. Appl Phys Lett, 1964, 4: 89–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Morales AM, Lieber CM. A laser ablation method for the synthesis of crystalline semiconductor nanowires. Science, 1998, 279: 208–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Xia YN, Yang PD, Sun YG, et al. One-dimensional nanostructures: synthesis, characterization, and applications. Adv Mater, 2003, 15: 353–389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Wacaser BA, Dick KA, Johansson J, et al. Preferential interface nucleation: an expansion of the VLS growth mechanism for nanowires. Adv Mater, 2009, 21: 153–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Tian BZ, Xie P, Kempa TJ, et al. Single-crystalline kinked semiconductor nanowire superstructures. Nat Nanotech, 2009, 4: 824–829

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Wu YY, Yang PD. Direct observation of vapor-liquid-solid nanowire growth. J Am Chem Soc, 2001, 123: 3165–3166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Hannon JB, Kodambaka S, Ross FM, et al. The influence of the surface migration of gold on the growth of silicon nanowires. Nature, 2006, 440: 69–71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kodambaka S, Tersoff J, Reuter MC, et al. Diameter-independent kinetics in the vapor-liquid-solid growth of Si nanowires. Phys Rev Lett, 2006, 96: 096105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Glas F, Harmand JC, Patriarche G. Why does wurtzite form in nanowires of III-V zinc blende semiconductors? Phys Rev Lett, 2007, 99: 146101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Sutter E, Sutter P. Phase diagram of nanoscale alloy particles used for vapor-liquid-solid growth of semiconductor nanowires. Nano Lett, 2008, 8: 411–414

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Kim BJ, Tersoff J, Kodambaka S, et al. Kinetics of individual nucleation events observed in nanoscale vapor-liquid-solid growth. Science, 2008, 322: 1070–1073

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Oh SH, Chisholm MF, Kauffmann Y, et al. Oscillatory mass transport in vapor-liquid-solid growth of sapphire nanowires. Science, 2010, 330: 489–493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Chou YC, Hillerich K, Tersoff J, et al. Atomic-scale variability and control of III-V nanowire growth kinetics. Science, 2014, 343: 281–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. He CY, Wang XZ, Wu Q, et al. Phase-equilibrium-dominated vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism. J Am Chem Soc, 2010, 132: 4843–4847

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Nash P, Singleton MF, Murray JL. Al-Ni phase diagram, ASM Handbook Volume 3: Alloy Phase Diagrams. Materials Park: ASM International, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  19. Zhang XH, Shao RW, Jin L, et al. Helical growth of aluminum nitride: new insights into its growth habit from nanostructures to single crystals. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 10087

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Meng F, Estruga M, Forticaux A, et al. Formation of stacking faults and the screw dislocation-driven growth: a case study of aluminum nitride nanowires. ACS Nano, 2013, 7: 11369–11378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Al-Ni phase diagram. Data from FSstel-FactSage steel alloy databases 2010. 〈http://www.crct.polymtl.ca/fact/phase_diagram.php?-file=Al-Ni.jpg&dir=FSstel〉

  22. Bradley AJ, Taylor A. An X-ray analysis of the nickel-aluminium system. Proc R Soc London Ser A, 1937, 159: 56–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Taylor A, Doyle NJ. Further studies on the nickel-aluminum system. I. The b-NiAl and d-Ni2Al3 Phase Fields. J Appl Cryst, 1972, 5: 201–209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Huo KF, Hu YM, Fu JJ, et al. Direct and large-area growth of one-dimensional ZnO nanostructures from and on a brass substrate. J Phys Chem C, 2007, 111: 5876–5881

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Sheng X, Wang L, Chang LT, et al. Growth and photoelectrochemical properties of ordered CuInS2 nanorod arrays. Chem Commun, 2012, 48: 4746–4748

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Moutanabbir O, Isheim D, Blumtritt H, et al. Colossal injection of catalyst atoms into silicon nanowires. Nature, 2013, 496: 78–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Yongliang Zhang  (张永亮), Jing Cai  (蔡婧), Qiang Wu  (吴强), Xizhang Wang  (王喜章), Lijun Yang  (杨立军), Chengyu He  (何承雨) & Zheng Hu  (胡征)

Authors
  1. Yongliang Zhang  (张永亮)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jing Cai  (蔡婧)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Qiang Wu  (吴强)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xizhang Wang  (王喜章)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Lijun Yang  (杨立军)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Chengyu He  (何承雨)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Zheng Hu  (胡征)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Qiang Wu  (吴强) or Zheng Hu  (胡征).

Additional information

Yongliang Zhang is currently a lecturer at Hefei University of Technology, China. He obtained his BSc degree (2008) in applied chemistry from Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, and PhD degree (2015) in chemistry from Nanjing University. His research interests focus on the design and field emission property of one-dimensional nanostructures.

Qiang Wu is currently a professor at the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, China. He obtained his BSc (1999) and PhD (2004) degrees in chemistry from Nanjing University. His research interests focus on the rational design of nano- and meso-structured materials and their applications in field emission, energy storage, and electrocatalysis.

Zheng Hu is currently a Cheung Kong Scholar professor at the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, China. He received his BSc (1985) and PhD (1991) degrees in physics from Nanjing University. He is the owner of the highly competitive NSFC fund for outstanding young scientists of China (2005). His current research interests focus on physical chemistry and materials chemistry addressing the growth mechanism, materials design and energy applications of a range of nano- and meso-structured materials.

Electronic supplementary material

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, Y., Cai, J., Wu, Q. et al. Phase-equilibrium-dominated vapor-liquid-solid mechanism: further evidence. Sci. China Mater. 59, 20–27 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-016-0111-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-016-0111-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation