Abstract
Materials Informatics concept using computational intelligence based approaches are employed to bring out the significant alloying additions to achieve grain refinement in cast Hadfield steel. Castings of Hadfield steels used for railway crossings, requires fine grained austenitic structure. Maintaining proper grain size of this component is very crucial in order to achieve the desired properties and service life. This work studies the important variables affecting the grain size of such steels which includes the compositional and processing variables. The computational findings and prior knowledge is used to design the alloy, which is subjected to a few trials to validate the findings.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. Pribulová, J. Babic, D. Baricová, Influence of Hadfield´s steel chemical composition on its mechanical properties. Chem. Listy 105, s430–s432 (2011)
E. Bayraktar, F.A. Khalid, C. Levaillant, Deformation and fracture behaviour of high manganese austenitic steel. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 147, 145–154 (2004)
S.A. Balogun, D.E. Esezobor, J.O. Agunsoye, Effect of melting temperature on the wear characteristics of austenitic manganese steel. J. Miner. Mater. Charact. Eng. 7, 277–289 (2008)
ASM Handbook, Volume 1. Properties and selection: irons, steels, and high-performance alloys—austenitic manganese steels. ASM Handbook Committee, pp. 822–840
K. Rajan, Materials informatics. Mater. Today 8, 38–45 (2005)
B.M. Wilamowski, Methods of computational intelligence, in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference an Industrial Technology, Tunisia, 1–8 December 2004
H.K. Lam, S.S. H. Ling, H.T. Nguyen, Computational Intelligence and Its Applications: Evolutionary Computation, Fuzzy Logic, Neural Network and Support Vector Machine Techniques (Imperial College Press, London, 2012)
S. Datta, P.P. Chattopadhyay, Soft computing techniques in advancement of structural metals. Int. Mater. Rev. 58, 475–504 (2013)
J.A. Anderson, An Introduction to Neural Networks (MIT Press, Cambridge, 1995)
S. Kumar, Neural Networks—A Classroom Approach (Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2004)
L.A. Zadeh, Fuzzy sets. Inf. Control 8, 338–353 (1965)
S. Rajasekaran, G.A.V. Pai, Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithms (Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2004)
L.A. Zadeh, Fuzzy logic. Computer 21, 83–93 (1988)
L.A. Zadeh, Knowledge representation in fuzzy logic. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 1, 89–100 (1989)
Z. Pawlak, Rough sets. Int. J. Comput. Inform. Sci. 11, 341–356 (1982)
T.Y. Lin, Introduction to the special issue on rough sets. Int. J. Approx. Reason. 15, 287–289 (1996)
Z. Pawlak, Rough set approach to knowledge-based decision support. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 99, 48–57 (1997)
J. Komorowski, L. Polkowski, A. Skowron, Rough Sets: A Tutorial, 1998, www.let.uu.nl/esslli/Courses/skowron/skowron.ps. Accessed 18 December 2008)
N. Chakraborti, Genetic algorithms in materials design and processing. Int. Mater. Rev. 49, 246–260 (2004)
K. Deb, Multiobjective Optimization Using Evolutionary Algorithms (Wiley, Chichester, 2001)
A.G. Jackson, Z. Pawlak, S.R. LeClair, Rough sets applied to the discovery of materials knowledge. J. Alloy. Compd. 279, 14–21 (1998)
S. Dey, P. Dey, S. Datta, J. Sil, Rough set approach to predict the strength and ductility of TRIP steel. Mater. Manuf. Process. 24, 150–154 (2009)
P. Dey, S. Dey, S. Datta, J. Sil, Dynamic discreduction using rough sets. Appl. Soft Comput. 11, 3887–3897 (2011)
S. Datta, M.K. Banerjee, Kohonen network modelling for the strength of thermomechanically processed HSLA steel. ISIJ Int. 44, 846–851 (2004)
S. Datta, M.K. Banerjee, Mapping the input–output relationship in HSLA steels through expert neural network. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 420, 254–264 (2006)
M. Kundu, S. Ganguly, S. Datta, P.P. Chattopadhyay, Simulating time temperature transformation diagram of steel using artificial neural network. Mater. Manuf. Process 24, 169–173 (2009)
T. Bhattacharyya, S.B. Singh, S.S. Dey, S. Bhattacharyya, W. Bleck, D. Bhattacharjee, Microstructural prediction through artificial neural network (ANN) for development of transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) aided steel. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 565, 148–157 (2013)
J.D. Olden, M.K. Joy, R.G. Death, An accurate comparison of methods for quantifying variable importance in artificial neural networks using simulated data. Ecol. Model. 178, 389–397 (2004)
I. Mohanty, D. Bhattacharjee, S. Datta, Designing cold rolled IF steel sheets with optimized tensile properties using ANN and GA. Comput. Mater. Sci. 50, 2331–2337 (2011)
A. Kusiak, Rough set theory: a data mining tool for semiconductor manufacturing. IEEE Trans. Electron. Packag. Manuf. 24, 44–50 (2001)
A. Sinha, S.S. Dey, P.P. Chattopadhyay, S. Datta, Optimization of mechanical property and shape recovery behavior of Ti-(~49 at.%) Ni alloy using artificial neural network and genetic algorithm. Mater. Des. 46, 227–234 (2013)
P. Das, B.K. Bhattacharyay, S. Datta, A comparative study for modeling of hot-rolled steel plate classification using a statistical approach and neural-net systems. Mater. Manuf. Process. 21, 747–755 (2006)
M. Mukherjee, S.B. Singh, Artificial neural network: some applications in physical metallurgy of steels. Mater. Manuf. Process. 24, 198–208 (2009)
H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, Neural networks in materials science. ISIJ Int. 39, 966–979 (1999)
I.H. Jeong, J.S. Lee, S.M. Jung, J.G. Kim, Y. Sasaki, Grain refinement of α-iron by repeated carburizing and decarburizing reactions. ISIJ Int. 51, 805–811 (2011)
P.A. Thornton, The influence of nonmetallic inclusions on the mechanical properties of steel: a review. J. Mater. Sci. 6, 347–356 (1971)
ASM Handbook, Vol. 4, Heat Treating (ASM International, 1991)
M.A. Razzak, Heat treatment and effects of Cr and Ni in low alloy steel. Bull. Mater. Sci. 34, 1439–1445 (2011)
J.W. Tukey, Exploratory data analysis (Addison-Wesley, Reading, 1977)
A.L. Edwards, “The Correlation Coefficient.” Ch. 4, in An Introduction to Linear Regression and Correlation (W.H. Freeman, San Francisco, 1976), pp. 33–46
S. Preston, G. Hale, J. Nutting, Overheating behaviour of a grain-refined low-sulphur steel. Mater. Sci. Technol. 1, 92–197 (1985)
J.O. Agunsoye, T.S. Isaac, A.A. Abiona, On the comparison of microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of high chromium white iron with the Hadfield austenitic manganese steel. J. Miner. Mater. Charact. Eng. 1, 24–28 (2013)
M.B. Limooei, S. Hosseini, Optimization of properties and structure with addition of titanium in Hadfield steels, In Proceedings of the Conference Metal, Czech Republic, EU, 23–25 May 2012
M. Mizumoto, S. Sasaki, T. Ohgai, A. Kagawa, Development of new additive for grain refinement of austenitic stainless steel. Int. J. Cast Met. Res. 21, 1–4 (2008)
G. Fedorko, V. Molnár, A. Pribulová, P. Futaš, D. Baricová, The influence of Ni and Cr-content on mechanical properties of Hadfield steel, In Proceedings of the Conference Metal, Czech Republic, EU, 18–20 May 2011
F. Haakonsen, Optimizing of Strømhard austenitic manganese steel. Thesis for the degree of Philosophiae Doctor, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2009
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dey, S., Pathak, S., Sheoran, S. et al. An Informatics Based Approach to Reduce the Grain Size of Cast Hadfield Steel. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. D 97, 1–9 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-015-0084-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-015-0084-6