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Influence of chlorine substitution on adsorption of gaseous chlorinated phenolics on multi-walled carbon nanotubes embedded in SiO2

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Abstract

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) embedded in SiO2 particles were prepared through the floating-catalyst chemical vapor deposition method. The parameters reaction time and flow rate of the carbon source (CH4) were studied to obtain optimum conditions for MWCNT synthesis. The obtained MWCNTs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to confirm their morphology and crystallinity. The optimum conditions were a CH4 flow rate of 100 ml/min in a H2–Ar mixture at a flow rate of 500 ml/min and a reaction time of 20 min. Under these conditions, MWCNTs with average outer and inner diameters of around 50 and 10 nm, respectively, were obtained. SiO2 particles with embedded MWCNTs were studied for their adsorption of gaseous chlorinated phenolic compounds (CPCs), with emphasis on the effect of number of chlorine substituents. The CPC compounds of 2-chlorophenol (CP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) were compared against phenol (P). Adsorption of P and CPCs on the particles fit well the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption capacities of P, CP, and DCP on SiO2 particles with embedded MWCNTs were found to be 3.12, 13.83, and 44.25 mg/g, respectively. Desorption activation energy was determined by thermogravimetric analysis. Chlorine substitution on P changed the adsorption process from physical to chemical adsorption. The particles showed high potential for use as a pre-concentration unit for solid-phase microextraction.

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Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) in Taiwan, through project grant 102-2221-E-029-003-MY3. S. Tulaphol is supported by the Royal Golden Jubilee program contract Grant PHD/01802553, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University (Thailand).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand

    S. Tulaphol & N. Grisdanurak

  2. Science Park Promotion Agency, Ministry of Science and Technology, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    S. Bunsan

  3. International Postgraduate Program in Environmental Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    E. Kanchanatip

  4. Department of Electrical Engineering, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan, ROC

    H.-Y. Miao

  5. Center of Excellence in Environmental Catalysis and Adsorption, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand

    N. Grisdanurak

  6. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan, ROC

    W. Den

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  1. S. Tulaphol
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  2. S. Bunsan
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  3. E. Kanchanatip
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  4. H.-Y. Miao
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  5. N. Grisdanurak
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  6. W. Den
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Correspondence to W. Den.

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Tulaphol, S., Bunsan, S., Kanchanatip, E. et al. Influence of chlorine substitution on adsorption of gaseous chlorinated phenolics on multi-walled carbon nanotubes embedded in SiO2 . Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 13, 1465–1474 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-016-0984-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-016-0984-5

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