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Preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of trace amount of formaldehyde using hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction based on derivatization by Hantzsch reaction

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Abstract

Formaldehyde is known as a highly toxic compound to humans and identified as a carcinogenic substance. In this study, Hantzsch reaction was utilized for the derivatization of trace amounts of formaldehyde in aqueous samples with acetylacetone in the presence of ammonia to form an extractable colored product named 3,5-diacetyl 1,4-dihydrolutidine (DDL) and its further extraction using two-phase hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction. The main experimental variables affecting the extraction performance were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions (sample volume 12 mL; reaction temperature 70 °C; ammonium acetate buffer solution 4 mL 0.1 mol L−1; acetylacetone 5 mL 0.15 mol L−1; solvent octanol, salt concentration 20% (w/v) NaCl; pH of donor phase 7.0; stirring speed 400 rpm and extraction time 30 min), the linear dynamic range, limit of detection (LOD as 3S b/m) and relative standard deviation (RSD %) of the proposed method were obtained as 5–250 μg L−1 (r 2 = 0.9979), 3.6 μg L−1 and 2.5%, respectively. Finally, the applicability of the proposed method was examined, and very good results were obtained. The results confirmed the applicability of the proposed method as a versatile, low-cost and sensitive preconcentration method for determination of low concentrations of formaldehyde in aqueous solutions.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support by Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Grant No. 4.5830, is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran

    Maryam Ganjikhah & Shahab Shariati

  2. Research and Development Center of Plants and Medicinal Chemistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

    Elahe Bozorgzadeh

Authors
  1. Maryam Ganjikhah
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  2. Shahab Shariati
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  3. Elahe Bozorgzadeh
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Correspondence to Shahab Shariati.

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Ganjikhah, M., Shariati, S. & Bozorgzadeh, E. Preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of trace amount of formaldehyde using hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction based on derivatization by Hantzsch reaction. J IRAN CHEM SOC 14, 763–769 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-016-1026-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-016-1026-4

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