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Titania hybridized melamine–formaldehyde aerogel for online in-tube solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons prior to HPLC–DAD

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Abstract

In order to improve the selectivity and stability of melamine–formaldehyde (MF) aerogel, it was composited with TiO2 aerogel. A TiO2-MF hybrid aerogel was in situ prepared on the surface of carbon fibers for in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The extraction performance of TiO2-MF aerogel was regulated by changing the ratio of TiO2 sol and MF sol during the material preparation. Coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC–DAD), the extraction tube filled by TiO2-MF aerogel-coated carbon fibers was evaluated with several types of environmental pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), estrogens, and ultraviolet filters. Because of favourable extraction performance of PAHs they were selected as model analytes, and some important influence factors were optimized for satisfactory sensitivity. The detection limits were in the range 0.05–0.10 μg L−1, owing to high enrichment factors (653–1007). The online in-tube SPME-HPLC–DAD method was verified for the determination of trace PAHs in environmental water samples, and acceptable recovery (70–118%) was achieved. The analytical methods also displayed some advantages in comparison with other reports. Moreover, the extraction tube exhibited satisfactory chemical stability.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Nos. 21777054 and 21405061) and the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. ZR2019MB058).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People’s Republic of China

    Min Sun, Xiuqin Wang, Yali Ding & Juanjuan Feng

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  1. Min Sun
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Sun, M., Wang, X., Ding, Y. et al. Titania hybridized melamine–formaldehyde aerogel for online in-tube solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons prior to HPLC–DAD. Microchim Acta 189, 456 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-022-05572-3

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