Skip to main content
Log in

An extended demand responsive connector

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics

Abstract

The need for viable public transit systems has been well documented and so has the role that so-called flexible transport systems can play. Flexible transport services offer great potential for increases in mobility and convenience and decreases in travel times and operating costs. One such service is the demand responsive connector, which transports commuters from residential addresses to transit hubs via a shuttle service, from where they continue their journey via a traditional timetabled service. To access this service, commuter and service provider agree on an earliest time the commuter must be available for collection and a latest time the commuter will arrive at a transit station. We investigate various options for implementing a demand responsive connector and the associated vehicle-scheduling problems. Previous work has only considered regional systems, where vehicles drop passengers off at a predetermined station; one of our contributions is to relax that restriction and investigate the benefits of allowing alternative transit stations. An extensive computational study shows that the more flexible system offers cost advantages over regional systems, especially when transit services are frequent, or transit hubs are close together, with little impact on passenger convenience.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Azi N, Gendreau M, Potvin JY (2007) An exact algorithm for a single-vehicle routing problem with time windows and multiple routes. Eur J Oper Res 178(3):755–766

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Azi N, Gendreau M, Potvin JY (2010) An exact algorithm for a vehicle routing problem with time windows and multiple use of vehicles. Eur J Oper Res 202(3):756–763. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377221709004950

  • Cayford R, Yim Y (2004) Personalized demand-responsive transit service

  • Chandra S, Quadrifoglio L (2013) A model for estimating the optimal cycle length of demand responsive feeder transit services. Trans Res Part B Methodol 51(0):1–16 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.trb.2013.01.008 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191261513000192

  • Chandra S, Quadrifoglio L (2013) A new street connectivity indicator to predict performance for feeder transit services. Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol 30(0):67–80. doi:10.1016/j.trc.2013.02.004 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968090X1300034X

  • Cordeau J, Laporte G (2003) The dial-a-ride problem (DARP): variants, modeling issues and algorithms. Q J Oper Res 1:89–101. doi:10.1007/s10288-002-0009-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cordeau J, Laporte G, Potvin JY, Savelsbergh MW (2007) Chapter 7 transportation on demand. In: Barnhart C, Laporte G (eds.) Transportation, Handbooks in Operations research and management science, vol. 14, pp. 429–466. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/S0927-0507(06) 14007–4 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927050706140074

  • Cordeau JF, Laporte G (2007) The dial-a-ride problem: models and algorithms. Ann Oper Res 153(1): 29–46 doi:10.1007/s10479-007-0170-8

  • Costa DL, Cabral LA, Siebra CA (2012) Metaheuristic iterated local search and variable neighborhood search for the dial-a-ride problem. Global Optim Workshop 2012:61–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniels R, Mulley C (2010) Overcoming barriers to implementing flexible transport services in nsw

  • Deleplanque S, Quilliot A (2013) Dial-a-ride problem with time windows, transshipments, and dynamic transfer points. Manuf Model Manag Control 7:1256–1261

    Google Scholar 

  • Diana M, Quadrifoglio L, Pronello C (2009) A methodology for comparing distances traveled by performance-equivalent fixed-route and demand responsive transit services. Trans Plan Technol 32(4):377–399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira L, Charles P, Tether C (2007) Evaluating flexible transport solutions. Trans Plan Technol 30(2–3):249–269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu L, Xu Y (2001) Potential effects of automatic vehicle location and computer-aided dispatch technology on paratransit performance: a simulation study. Trans Res Record J Trans Res Board 1760(1):107–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall C, Andersson H, Lundgren J, Varbrand P (2009) The integrated dial-a-ride problem. Public Transp 1:39–54 (2009). doi:10.1007/s12469-008-0006-1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12469-008-0006-1

  • Hashimoto H, Yagiura M, Imahori S, Ibaraki T (2013) Recent progress of local search in handling the time window constraints of the vehicle routing problem. Ann Oper Res 204(1):171–187. doi:10.1007/s10479-012-1264-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koffman D (2004) Operational experiences with flexible transit services, vol. 53. Transport Res Board

  • Laporte G (2009) Fifty years of vehicle routing. Transp Sci 43(4):408–416 (2009). doi:10.1287/trsc.1090.0301 http://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/trsc.1090.0301

  • Laws R, Enoch MP, Ison SG, Potter S (2009) Demand responsive transport: a review of schemes in england and wales

  • Levine J, Hong Q, Hug GE, Rodriguez D (2000) Impacts of an advanced public transportation system demonstration project. Transp Res Record J Transp Res Board 1735(1):169–177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Quadrifoglio L (2009) Optimal zone design for feeder transit services. Transp Res Record J Transp Res Board 2111(1):100–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Quadrifoglio L (2010) Feeder transit services: choosing between fixed and demand responsive policy. Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol 18(5):770–780. Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation: Selected papers from the 10th AATT Conference. doi:10.1016/j.trc.2009.05.015 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968090X09000801

  • Martí R, Moreno-Vega JM, Duarte A (2010) Advanced multi-start methods. In: Handbook of Metaheuristics, pp. 265–281. Springer

  • Masson R, Lehuede F, Peton O (2014) The dial-a-ride problem with transfers. Comput Oper Res 41:12–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGuckin NA, Srinivasan N (2003) Journey to work in the united states and its major metropolitan areas-1960-2000. Tech Rep

  • Muelas S, LaTorre A, Pena JM (2013) A variable neighborhood search algorithm for the optimization of a dial-a-ride problem in a large city. Expert Syst Appl 40(14):5516–5531. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417413002522

  • Mulley C, Nelson JD (2009) Flexible transport services: a new market opportunity for public transport. Res Trans Econ 25(1):39–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson JD, Wright S, Masson B, Ambrosino G, Naniopoulos A (2010) Recent developments in flexible transport services. Res Trans Econ 29(1):243–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parragh SN, Doerner KF, Hartl RF (2008) A survey on pickup and delivery problems. J fur Betriebswirtschaft 58(1):21–51. doi:10.1007/s11301-008-0033-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11301-008-0033-7

  • Parragh SN, Doerner KF, Hartl RF (2010) Variable neighborhood search for the dial-a-ride problem. Comput Oper Res 37(6):1129–1138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Polacek M, Hartl RF, Doerner K, Reimann M (2004) A variable neighborhood search for the multi depot vehicle routing problem with time windows. J Heuristics 10(6):613–627

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Potts JF, Marshall MA, Crockett EC, Washington J (2010) A guide for planning and operating flexible public transportation services. Project B-35

  • Quadrifoglio L, Dessouky MM, Ordonez F (2008) A simulation study of demand responsive transit system design. Trans Res Part A Policy Pract 42(4):718–737. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2008.01.018 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965856408000256

  • Sevilla FC, de Blas CS (2003) Vehicle routing problem with time windows and intermediate facilities. SEIO 003 Edicions de la Universitat de Lleida pp. 3088–3096

  • Shen CW, Quadrifoglio L (2012) Evaluation of zoning design with transfers for paratransit services. Transp Res Record J Transp Res Board 2277(1):82–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taillard ED, Laporte G, Gendreau M (1996) Vehicle routeing with multiple use of vehicles. J Oper Res Soc 47:1065–1070

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Velaga NR, Nelson JD, Wright SD, Farrington JH (2012) The potential role of flexible transport services in enhancing rural public transport provision. J Public Transp 15(1):111–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vidal T, Crainic T, Gendreau M, Lahrichi N, Rei W (2012) A hybrid genetic algorithm for multidepot and periodic vehicle routing problems. Oper Res 60:611–624

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vidal T, Crainic TG, Gendreau M, Prins C (2013) Heuristics for multi-attribute vehicle routing problems: a survey and synthesis. Eur J Oper Res 231(1):1–21 doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2013.02.053 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377221713002026

  • Vidal T, Crainic TG, Gendreau M, Prins C (2014) A unified solution framework for multi-attribute vehicle routing problems. Eur J Oper Res 234(3):658–673 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2013.09.045 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037722171300800X

  • Wright S (2013) Designing flexible transport services: guidelines for choosing the vehicle type. Transp Plan Technol 36(1):76–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alan Lee.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lee, A., Savelsbergh, M. An extended demand responsive connector. EURO J Transp Logist 6, 25–50 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13676-014-0060-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13676-014-0060-6

Keywords

Navigation