Skip to main content
Log in

Validation of the Math Anxiety Scale with the Rasch Measurement Model

  • Published:
Mathematics Education Research Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric characteristics of the Math Anxiety Scale (MANX; Erol 1989, Unpublished master thesis, Bogazici University) with data collected from 952 middle school students in Turkey. The Rasch Rating Scale model was used to examine the MANX at the item level. The results revealed that although the MANX was sensitive to detect students with moderate levels of math anxiety and it was not targeted to identify those with very high and low math anxiety levels, it had high reliability and validity. Moreover, the majority of the MANX items were of good quality. The results of this study provide strong evidence for the validation of the MANX despite the need for deletion of eight misfit items and three items with the same item difficulties. Future research should consider possible revision or development of new items to capture gradations of challenges at the very high and low ends of the continuum.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ader, E., & Erktin, E. (2010). Coping as self-regulation of anxiety: a model for math achievement in high-stakes tests. Cognition, Brain, Behavior: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 14(4), 311–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, L., & Martray, C. (1989). The development of an abbreviated version of the Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 22, 143–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, D., Kahn, J. D., & Tindal, G. (2017). Exploring the robustness of a unidimensional item response theory model with empirically multidimensional data. Applied Measurement in Education, 30(3), 163–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andrich, D. (1978). Rating formulation for ordered response categories. Psychometrika, 43, 561–573.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andrich, D. (1988). Rasch models for measurement. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Andrich, D. (2004). Controversy and the Rasch model: a characteristic of incompatible paradigms? Medical Care, 42, 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ashcraft, M. H. (2002). Math anxiety: personal, educational, and cognitive consequences. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11(2), 181–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ashcraft, M. H., & Moore, A. M. (2009). Mathematics anxiety and the affective drop in performance. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 27(3), 197–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aydin, E., Delice, A., Dilmaç, B., & Ertekin, E. (2009). The influence of gender, grade and institution on primary school mathematics student teachers’ anxiety levels. Elementary Education Online, 8(1), 231–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baloğlu, M., & Zelhart, P. F. (2007). Psychometric properties of the revised mathematics anxiety rating scale. The Psychological Record, 57, 593–611.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beasley, T. M., Long, J. D., & Natali, M. (2001). A confirmatory factor analysis of the mathematics anxiety scale for children. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34, 14–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bekdemir, M. (2010). The pre-service teachers’ mathematics anxiety related to depth of negative experiences in mathematics classroom while they were students. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 75, 311–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bindak, R. (2005). İlköğretim öğrencileri için matematik kaygı ölçeği (Math anxiety scale for elementary school students). Fırat Üniversitesi, Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(2), 442–448.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bond, T. G., & Fox, C. M. (2015). Applying the Rasch model: fundamental measurement in the human sciences. New York, NY: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Caviola, S., Primi, C., Chiesi, F., & Mammarella, I. C. (2017). Psychometric properties of the Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (AMAS) in Italian primary school children. Learning and Individual Differences, 55, 174–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engelhard, G. (2009). Using item response theory and model-data fit to conceptualize differential item and person functioning for students with disabilities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 69(4), 585–602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engelhard, G. (2013). Invariant measurement: using Rasch models in the social, behavioral, and health sciences. New York, NY: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Erden, M., & Akgül, S. (2010). Predictive power of math anxiety and perceived social support from teacher for primary students’ mathematics achievement. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 6(1), 3–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erktin, E., Dönmez, G., & Özel, S. (2006). Psychometric characteristics of the mathematics anxiety scale. Education and Science, 31(140), 26–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erol, E. (1989). Prevalence and correlates of math anxiety in Turkish high school students. Unpublished master thesis, Bogazici University.

  • Fennema, E., & Sherman, J. A. (1976). Fennema-Sherman Mathematics Attitude Scale: instruments designed to measure attitudes toward the learning of mathematics by males and females. JAS Catalog of Selected Document of Psychology, 6, 31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hembree, R. (1990). The nature, effects, and relief of mathematics anxiety. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 21, 33–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, F., Mammarella, I. C., Devine, A., Caviola, S., Passolunghi, M. C., & Szücs, D. (2016). Math anxiety in primary and secondary school students: gender differences, developmental changes and anxiety specificity. Learning and Individual Differences, 48, 45–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ho, H., Senturk, D., Lam, A. G., Zimmer, J. M., Hong, S., Okamoto, Y., & Chiu, S. (2000). The affective and cognitive dimensions of math anxiety: a cross-national study. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 31(3), 362–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hopko, D. R. (2003). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Math Anxiety Rating Scale-Revised. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 63(2), 336–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linacre, J. M. (2005). A user’s guide to WINSTEPS. Chicago: Winsteps.com.

  • Linacre, J. M. (2013). Facets Rasch Measurement (Version 3.71.3) [Computer Software]. Chicago, IL: Winsteps.com.

  • Linacre, J. M., & Wright, B. D. (1994). Reasonable mean-square fit values. Rasch Measurement Transactions, 8(3), 370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludlow, L. H., Matz-Costa, C., Johnson, C., Brown, M., Besen, E., & James, J. B. (2014). Measuring engagement in later life activities: Rasch-based scenario scales for work, caregiving, informal helping, and volunteering. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 47(2), 127–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma, X. (1999). Meta-analysis of the relationship between anxiety toward mathematics and achievement in mathematics. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 30, 520–540.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prieto, G., & Delgado, A. R. (2007). Measuring math anxiety (in Spanish) with the Rasch Rating Scale Model. Journal of Applied Measurement, 8, 149–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Primi, C., Busdraghi, C., Tomasetto, C., Morsanyi, K., & Chiesi, F. (2014). Measuring math anxiety in Italian college and high school students: Validity, reliability and gender invariance of the Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (AMAS). Learning and Individual Differences, 34, 51–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rasch, G. (1960). Probabilistic models for some intelligence and attainment tests. Copenhagen, Denmark: The Danish Institute of Education Research. Expanded edition (1980) with foreword and afterword by B.D. Wright. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press).

  • Reckase, M. D. (1979). Unifactor latent trait models applied to multifactor tests: results and implications. Journal of Educational Statistics, 4, 207–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, F. C., & Suinn, R. M. (1972). The mathematics anxiety rating scale: psychometric data. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 19(6), 551–554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schilling, S. G., & Hill, H. C. (2007). Assessing measures of mathematical knowledge for teaching: a validity argument approach. Measurement, 5(2–3), 70–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • SPSS Inc. (2007). SPSS for Windows, Version 16.0. Chicago, SPSS Inc.

  • Stout, W. F. (1990). A new item response theory modeling approach with applications to unidimensional assessment and ability estimation. Psychometrika, 55, 293–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suinn, R. M., & Edwards, R. (1982). The measurement of mathematics anxiety. The Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale for Adolescents–MARS-A. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38(3), 576–580.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suinn, R., Taylor, S., & Edwards, R. (1988). Suinn Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale for Elementary School Students (MARS-E). Psychometric and normative data. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 48, 979–986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wigfield, A., & Meece, J. L. (1988). Math anxiety in elementary and secondary school students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 80, 210–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, B. D., & Mok, M. M. C. (2004). An overview of the family of Rasch measurement models. In E. Smith & R. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to Rasch measurement (pp. 1–24). Maple Grove, MN: JAM Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yan, Z., & Mok, M. M. C. (2012). Validating the coping scale for Chinese athletes using multidimensional Rasch analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13, 271–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, C. B., Wu, S. S., & Menon, V. (2012). The neurodevelopmental basis of math anxiety. Psychological Science, 23(5), 492–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to İbrahim Burak Ölmez.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Appendix

Appendix

Table 2 Item information and item quality index in the Rasch analysis of the MANX

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ölmez, İ.B., Ölmez, S.B. Validation of the Math Anxiety Scale with the Rasch Measurement Model. Math Ed Res J 31, 89–106 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13394-018-0244-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13394-018-0244-8

Keywords

Navigation