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Interactions between Frankia BCU110501 (actinorhiza) and Gigaspora rosea (arbuscular mycorrhiza) with Discaria trinervis studied by spot inoculation

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Abstract

Root endosymbioses are associations between plants and soil microorganisms which contribute worldwide to plant nutrition and fitness. The most common associations is with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and this is formed by the majority of land plants with fungi belonging to the Glomeromycota. Another important association is that formed by the Gram-positive actinobacteria, Frankia, and actinorhizal plants such as Discaria trinervis. In this paper we studied the effect of dual symbioses resulting from spot inoculation. This method was developed and tested to ensure actinorhizal nodule development only at the site of inoculation. Our results show that both symbioses can coexist and that AMF and Frankia can stimulate plant growth both as a single inoculum and in combination. Moreover, we suggest that there is no interference between the regulation of actinorhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in D. trinervis, and that there is a synergistic effect on plant growth following the development of both symbioses.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Grants from the University of Quilmes (PPUNQ3597) and the Argentine National Research Council (CONICET) (PIP5812). MO and LGW are Researcher members of CONICET. The authors thank Alejandro Pardo for the AMF inoculum and his advice regarding the handling of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. The authors thank Katharina Pawlowski for comments and valuable advices at final edition of the manuscript.

Conflict of interest

There is no conflict of interest in this work.

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Author notes

  1. Mariana Obertello

    Present address: Instituto de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Piso 2, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Microbiología e Interacciones Biológicas en Suelo, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Mariana Obertello & Luis G. Wall

Authors
  1. Mariana Obertello
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  2. Luis G. Wall
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Correspondence to Luis G. Wall.

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Figure S1

Shoot height of D. trinervis non-inoculated. Values are the means ± SE for 20–30 plants. Second inoculation at RT2 was done 20 days after first inoculation at RT1. Control plants were inoculated with agar square without any symbiont. Treatment C [MR] (∆), C [RT1] (□), C [RT2] (○), C [MR, RT1] (▲), and C [RT1 + RT2] (■). (PPT 161 kb)

Figure S2

Shoot height of D. trinervis inoculated with G. rosea. Values are the means ± SE for 20–30 plants. Second inoculation at RT2 was done 20 days after first inoculation at RT1. Treatment M [MR] (∆), M [RT1] (□), M [RT2] (○), M [MR, RT1] (▲), and M [RT1 + RT2] (■). (PPT 162 kb)

Figure S3

Shoot height of D. trinervis inoculated with Frankia. Values are the means ± SE for 20–30 plants. Second inoculation at RT2 was done 20 days after first inoculation at RT1. Treatment F [MR] (∆), F [RT1] (□), F [RT2] (○), F [MR, RT1] (▲), and F [RT1 + RT2] (■). (PPT 165 kb)

Figure S4

Shoot height of D. trinervis inoculated with Frankia and G. rosea. Values are the means ± SE for 20–30 plants. Second inoculation at RT2 was done 20 days after first inoculation at RT1. Simultaneous treatments are shown in light grey and sequential treatments are in dark grey. Treatment are M/F [MR](PPT 272 kb)

Figure S5

M/F [MR] (GIF 813 b)

Figure S6

M/F [RT1] (GIF 873 b)

Figure S7

M[MR] F[RT1] (GIF 860 b)

Figure S8

F[MR] M[RT1] (GIF 833 b)

Figure S9

M[RT1] F[RT2] (GIF 833 b)

Figure S10

F[RT1] M[RT2] (GIF 860 b)

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Obertello, M., Wall, L.G. Interactions between Frankia BCU110501 (actinorhiza) and Gigaspora rosea (arbuscular mycorrhiza) with Discaria trinervis studied by spot inoculation. Symbiosis 66, 13–20 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-015-0333-3

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