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Isoparactis fionae sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from Southern Patagonia with a discussion of the family Isanthidae

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Abstract

A new species from Southern Patagonia, Isoparactis fionae sp. nov., is described. Isoparactis fionae sp. nov. differs from other species in the genus by having longitudinal rows of adherent rugae in the column, number of tentacles, cnidae and geographic distribution. We amend the generic position of the previously termed Paraisanthus fabiani (now Isoparactis fabiani comb. nov.), transferring it to Isoparactis as we discovered acontia in the type material of this species. We amend the binomen of Acraspedanthus ferax and use the correct binomen for the species Isoparactis ferax. In addition, we transfer the genus Isoparactis (previously within Bathyphelliidae as Acraspedanthus) to Isanthidae based on molecular evidence and because its diagnosis corresponds better with this family; we amend the diagnosis of Isanthidae accordingly. Finally, we discuss phylogenetic relationships within Isanthidae and among members of the superfamily Metridioidea. Our results show that Isanthidae is composed of derived acontiate sea anemones that have diversified in shallow waters of the Southern Hemisphere and that the family is putatively the sister group of a deep-sea lineage.

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Acknowledgments

Thanks to Günter Försterra for collecting the first specimens of Isoparactis fionae sp. nov. together with VH during their diploma theses in 1998. Thanks to Carlos Giuggia, Hector Monsalve, Cathy McFadden and Philip Moell for their help collecting in Argentina. Live photo (Fig. 2a) of I. fionae sp. nov. courtesy of Cathy McFadden. Thanks to Karin Sindemark from the Swedish Museum of Natural History (SMNH) in Stockholm for the loan of the type material of Acraspedanthus elongatus on short notice. Thanks to Marymegan Daly for the comparative material of I. ferax collected with partial support provided by NSF EF-0531763 to MD. Nadya Sanamyan is thanked for her helpful comments on Paraisanthus. Emma Plotnek and Ulo Pörschmann helped with Fig. 1. Support for fieldwork in 2010 was provided by a Constantine S. Niarchos Expeditions Award to ER. This work was partially supported by PIP 2788 and PICT 01869/02 grants. Support was provided by a CONICET (Argentina) grant to DL. MRB was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship provided by the AMNH Richard Gilder Graduate School and Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics. Thanks to Tierra del Fuego (Argentina) authorities for sample and exportation permits. Comments of two anonymous reviewers significantly improved this work. This is publication no. 62 of Huinay Scientific Field Station.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” – CONICET, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Daniel Lauretta

  2. Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avda. Brazil, 2950, Valparaíso, Chile

    Verena Häussermann

  3. Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA

    Mercer R. Brugler & Estefanía Rodríguez

  4. Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA

    Mercer R. Brugler

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  1. Daniel Lauretta
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  2. Verena Häussermann
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  4. Estefanía Rodríguez
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Correspondence to Estefanía Rodríguez.

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Daniel Lauretta and Estefanía Rodríguez contributed equally to this work.

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Lauretta, D., Häussermann, V., Brugler, M.R. et al. Isoparactis fionae sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from Southern Patagonia with a discussion of the family Isanthidae. Org Divers Evol 14, 31–42 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-013-0149-z

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