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Cryptic occurrence of Chattonella marina var. marina in mangrove sediments in Probolinggo, East Java Province, Indonesia

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Abstract

Mangrove forests and adjacent creeks are known to be highly productive estuaries, which are partly supported by benthic microalgae that grow on the sediments. During surveys investigating the microalgal floras of mangrove swamps in the eastern part of Java Island, a mud sample unexpectedly included large numbers of a notorious fish killer, Chattonella-like motile cells, and its resting cysts. These motile cells were established as clonal cultures for further identification and physiological tests. The cysts were examined through palynological and molecular biological means. Identification based on light microscopy and ribosomal RNA gene sequences confirmed that these cells and cysts were Chattonella marina var. marina. While the strains were genetically identical to the temperate strains isolated from Japan and China, temperature experiments showed that the Indonesian strains possessed a high maximum quantum yield of photosystem II even after exposure to 34 °C, a temperature at which the Japanese strain could not survive. Salinity experiments showed adaptation of the strains to a salinity of 15. These findings, together with the discovery of populations of cysts in the mangrove sediment, highlight the tough and unique nature of the Indonesian strains, which are likely adapted to wide fluctuations of temperature and salinity in mangrove swamps, and pose a potential risk to fisheries in Indonesia.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid (KAKENHI no. 17H04625) for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan to K. K. The authors express their sincere gratitude to Ms. Tomoe Hikosaka-Katayama and Ms. Kanae Koike (Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University) for assisting with the DNA analysis, as well as to Prof. Soetjipto, Dr., Ph.D., Institute of Tropical Disease Universitas Airlangga, who gave us information on transferring samples. We also thank Mr. Daniel Onny Setiyoko (Fisheries and Marine Faculty, Universitas Airlangga) for assisting with the specimen collection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-4-4, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan

    Ayu-Lana-Nafisyah , Shizuka O-hara & Kazuhiko Koike

  2. Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C, UNAIR Mulyorejo, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia

    Ayu-Lana-Nafisyah , Endang-Dewi-Masithah , Mirni-Lamid  & Mochammad-Amin-Alamsjah

  3. Institute for East China Sea Research, Nagasaki University, Takaracho 1551-7, Nagasaki, 851-2213, Japan

    Kazumi Matsuoka

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  1. Ayu-Lana-Nafisyah
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Correspondence to Kazuhiko Koike.

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Ayu-Lana-Nafisyah, Endang-Dewi-Masithah, Matsuoka, K. et al. Cryptic occurrence of Chattonella marina var. marina in mangrove sediments in Probolinggo, East Java Province, Indonesia. Fish Sci 84, 877–887 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-018-1219-0

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