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Escape responses of the Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus under elevated temperature and CO2 conditions

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Abstract

An increasing number of papers have been published on the effects of ocean acidification and warming on fishes over the last several years. However, there is little information on how these environmental changes affect the swimming behavior of fish. This study examined the escape response under elevated CO2 concentration and temperature of the Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus. Following acclimation to four conditions (CO2 400/1000 ppm, temperature 15/19 °C) for 1 month, the fish were tested for escape response through kinematic analysis of startle reactions to a mechanical stimulus. The response was recorded with a high speed video camera of 500 frames per second. The result showed turning rate was significantly higher at 19 °C than at 15 °C. Neither CO2 nor temperature affected the kinematic parameters analyzed (the escape trajectory, swimming velocity, acceleration, escape direction, or frequency of single and double bends), with the exception of the turning rate that was significantly higher at 19 °C than at 15 °C. However, we must clarify how future oceanic environmental changes affect escape responses of schooling fish and prey-predator interactions under more rigorous experimental conditions, to elaborate our prediction capacity for the trajectory of anchovy populations and thereby assess possible implications for anchovy fisheries.

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Acknowledgments

This study was partly supported by Strategic Japanese-Chinese Cooperative Program on “Climate Change” (2012–2014). We thank Dr. Kazuki Yokouchi for his support with the statistical analysis of this study. Thanks are also due to Ms. Mizuri Murata and Ms. Peeraporn Punchai for their help.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for East China Sea Research, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 851-2213, Japan

    Nopparat Nasuchon, Yuuki Kawabata & Atsushi Ishimatsu

  2. Chumphon Marine Fisheries Research and Development Center, Paknam, Muang, Chumphon, 86120, Thailand

    Nopparat Nasuchon

  3. Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan

    Mitsuharu Yagi

  4. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China

    Kunshan Gao

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  1. Nopparat Nasuchon
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  2. Mitsuharu Yagi
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  5. Atsushi Ishimatsu
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Correspondence to Nopparat Nasuchon.

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Nasuchon, N., Yagi, M., Kawabata, Y. et al. Escape responses of the Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus under elevated temperature and CO2 conditions. Fish Sci 82, 435–444 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-016-0974-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-016-0974-z

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