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A Brief Overview of Sex Differences in Transcatheter Therapeutics in Valvular Heart Disease

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The purpose of this paper is to review sex differences in transcatheter interventions, as detected by multimodality imaging, including echocardiography, cardiac computerized tomography, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. We will review differences in anatomy, hemodynamic parameters, vascular complications, and various imaging findings that help us understand the differences in clinical outcomes in women when compared to men.

Recent Findings

Several studies have been published over the past 5 years exploring the sex differences in transcatheter interventions and outcomes. The majority of these studies are retrospective analyses based on registry data given the novelty of many of these techniques. The sex differences vary based on the valve in question and specific technique employed. In this review, we attempt to highlight and summarize some of these findings.

Summary

Understanding sex differences in transcatheter interventions is critical to ensure the most favorable outcomes for all patients undergoing these procedures. Additional studies are necessary to further explore these differences as these novel techniques become more readily available.

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Data Availability

Not applicable.

Abbreviations

ACC:

American College of Cardiology

BMI:

Body mass index

CMR:

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance

COAPT:

Cardiovascular Outcomes Assessment of the MitraClip Percutaneous Therapy for Heart Failure Patients with Functional Mitral Regurgitation Trial

CT:

Computed tomography

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

HF:

Heart failure

ICE:

Intracardiac echocardiography

LVOT:

Left ventricular outflow tract

MAC:

Mitral annular calcification

MR:

Mitral regurgitation

MV:

Mitral valve

MVP:

Mitral valve prolapse

NYHA:

New York Heart Association

PVL:

Paravalvular leak

PPM:

Permanent pacemaker

RVOT:

Right ventricular outflow tract

STS:

Society of Thoracic Surgery

SAVR:

Surgical aortic valve replacement

SPVR:

Surgical pulmonary valve replacement

TAVR:

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement

TEER:

Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair

TMVR:

Transcatheter mitral valve replacement

TPVR:

Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement

TTVI:

Transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention

TVT:

Transcatheter valve therapy

TEE:

Transesophageal echocardiogram or echocardiography

TTE:

Transthoracic echocardiogram or echocardiography

TR:

Tricuspid regurgitation

VHD:

Valvular heart disease

VIR:

Valve-in-ring

VIV:

Valve-in-valve

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA

    Joanne S. Sutter, Eileen Gajo, Clifford J. Kavinsky, Annabelle Santos Volgman & Anupama K. Rao

  2. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    W. Patricia Bandettini

  3. Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Kalindi Parikh

  4. Veterans Administration Long Beach Health Care System, Long Beach, CA, USA

    Jeannie H. Yu

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Correspondence to Anupama K. Rao.

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Sutter, J.S., Bandettini, W.P., Parikh, K. et al. A Brief Overview of Sex Differences in Transcatheter Therapeutics in Valvular Heart Disease. Curr Cardiovasc Imaging Rep 16, 129–142 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12410-023-09586-0

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