Abstract
The multidisciplinary research project ‘PROGEO-Piemonte’ aims to achieve a new conceptual and operational discipline in the management of the geological heritage of the Piemonte region (NW Italy). One of the nine strategic geothematic areas of the project addresses a controversial scientific theme, that of climate and environmental change, by analysing the record of the Messinian salinity crisis in Piemonte. This palaeoceanographic event, which occurred about 6 Ma ago during the late Messinian, was characterised by dramatic palaeobiological, palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic changes that affected the entire Mediterranean area. In the Piemonte region, Messinian rocks outcrop in the Tertiary Piedmont Basin; they record the three stages of the Messinian salinity crisis and the correlative environmental and climate changes. We propose to the general public a virtual geological tour of the main outcrops showing the evolution of this event to be hosted on the PROGEO-Piemonte website and accessible via mobile devices on-site or at home. The web-based digital tour will cover several geosites where the main steps of the Messinian salinity crisis are best recorded; it will integrate on-site information available through panels along with web-accessible complementary information; moreover, it will allow the virtual visit to remote or restricted sites (e.g. active quarries) in a digital environment. The focus on environmental and climate changes that occurred during the Messinian salinity crisis will improve public knowledge and awareness of environmental modification and past climate variability and will address whether such changes could happen again in the future.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Angelone C, Colombero S, Esu D, Giuntelli P, Marcolini F, Pavia M, Trenkwalder S, Van Den Hoek Ostende LW, Zunino M, Pavia G (2011) Moncucco Torinese, a new post-evaporitic Messinian fossiliferous site from Piedmont (NW Italy). N Jb Geol Paläont (Abh) 259:89–104
Bernardi E, Dela Pierre F, Irace A, Lozar F, Natalicchio M, Clari P, Martire L, Violanti D (2010) The Messinian sediments of the Tertiary Peidmont Basin: new data from outcrop sections. Centro Stampa Regione Piemonte, Torino
CIESM (2008) The Messinian salinity crisis from mega-deposits to microbiology—a consensus report. In: Briand F (Ed) CIESM Workshop Monographs 33:1–168. Monaco
Cita MB, Wright RC, Ryan WBF, Longinelli A (1978) Messinian paleoenvironments. In: Hsü, K.J., Montadert, L., et al. (Eds.), Init Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project 42:1003–1035
Clari P, Bernardi E, Cavagna S, Dela Pierre F, Irace A, Lozar F, Martinetto E, Trenkwalder S, Violanti D (2008) Guida all’Escursione. Convegno Alba e Tramonto della crisi Messiniana, Alba 10–11 ottobre 2008. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Università di Torino 1–43.
Clari P, Dela Pierre F, Martire L, Cavagna S (2009) The Cenozoic CH4-derived carbonates of Monferrato (NW Italy): a solid evidence of fluid circulation in the sedimentary column. Mar Geol 265:167–184
Colombero S, Bonelli E, Kotsakis T, Pavia G, Pavia M, Carnevale G (2013) Late Messinian rodents from Verduno (Piedmont, NW Italy): biochronological, paleocological and paleobiogeographic implications. Geobios 46(1–2):111–125
Dela Pierre F, Clari P, Cavagna S, Bicchi E (2002) The Parona chaotic complex: a puzzling record of the Messinian (Late Miocene) events in Monferrato (NW Italy). Sed Geol 152:289–311
Dela Pierre F, Festa A, Irace A (2007) Interaction of tectonic, sedimentary and diapiric processes in the origin of chaotic sediments: an example from the Messinian of Torino Hill (Tertiary Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy). Geol Soc Am Bull 119:1107–1119
Dela Pierre F, Martire L, Natalicchio M, Clari P, Petrea C (2010) Authigenic carbonates in Upper Miocene sediments of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin (NW Italy): vestiges of an ancient gas hydrate stability zone? Geol Soc Am Bull 122:994–1010
Dela Pierre F, Bernardi E, Cavagna S, Clari P, Gennari R, Irace A, Lozar F, Lugli S, Manzi V, Natalicchio M, Roveri M, Violanti D (2011) The record of the Messinian salinity crisis in the Tertiary Piedmont Basin (NW Italy): the Alba section revisited. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclim Palaeoecol 310:238–255
Dela Pierre F, Bernardi E, Cavagna S, Clari P, Gennari R, Irace A, Lozar F, Lugli S, Manzi V, Natalicchio M, Roveri M, Violanti D (2012) Messinian carbonate-rich beds of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin (NW Italy): microbially-mediated products straddling the onset of the salinity crisis. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclim Palaeoecol 310:238–255
Eder W, Patzak M (2004) Geoparks—geological attractions: a tool for public education, recreation and sustainable development. Episodes 27(3):162–164
Gennari R, Iaccarino SM, Di Stefano A, Sturiale G, Cipollari P, Manzi V, Roveri M, Cosentino D (2009) The Messinian–Zanclean boundary in the Northern Apennine. Stratigraphy 5(3–4):307–322
Giardino M (2012) A multidisciplinary research project for developing a PROactive management of GEOlogical heritage in the PIEMONTE region. Geologia dell'Ambiente 3:196–197
Gordon JE (2012) Rediscovering a sense of wonder: geoheritage, geotourism and cultural landscape experiences. Geoheritage 4:65–77
Gordon JE, Barron HF, Hansom JD, Thomas MF (2012) Engaging with geodiversity—why it matters. Proc Geol Assoc 123:1–6
Gray JM (2004) Geodiversity: valuing and conserving abiotic nature. Wiley, Chichester
Gray JM (2011) Other nature: geodiversity and geosystem services. Environ Conserv 38:271–274
Henriques MH, Pena dos Reis R, Brilha J, Mota T (2011) Geoconservation as an emerging geoscience. Geoheritage 3:117–128
Hsü KJ, Cita MB, Ryan WBF (1973) The origin of the Mediterranean evaporites. In: Ryan WBF, Hsü KJ et al (eds) Initial Report of Deep Sea Drilling Program 13. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, pp 1203–1231
Irace A (2004) Il Messiniano Piemontese: nuovi dati da due aree campione. PhD thesis, Università di Torino 1–167.
Lozar F, Violanti D, Dela Pierre F, Bernardi E, Cavagna S, Clari P, Irace A, Martinetto E, Trenkwalder S (2010) Calcareous nannofossils and foraminifers herald the Messinian salinity crisis: the Pollenzo section (Alba, Cuneo; NW Italy). Geobios 43:21–32
Lugli S, Manzi V, Roveri M, Schreiber BC (2010) The Primary Lower Gypsum in the Mediterranean: a new facies interpretation for the first stage of the Messinian salinity crisis. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 297:83–99
Manzi V, Roveri M, Gennari R, Bertini A, Biffi U, Giunta S, Iaccarino SM, Lanci L, Lugli S, Negri A, Riva A, Rossi ME, Taviani M (2007) The deep-water counterpart of the Messinian Lower Evaporites in the Apennine foredeep: the Fanantello section (Northern Apennines, Italy). Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 251:470–499
Manzi V, Lugli S, Roveri M, Schreiber BC, Gennari R (2011) The Messinian “Calcare di Base” (Sicily, Italy) revisited. Geol Soc Am Bull 123:347–370
Manzi V, Gennari R, Hilgen F, Krijgsman W, Lugli S, Roveri M, Sierro FJ (2013) Age refinement of the Messinian salinity crisis onset in the Mediterranean. Terra Nova 25:315–322
Natalicchio N, Birgel D, Dela Pierre F, Martire L, Clari P, Spötl C, Peckmann J (2012a) Polyphasic carbonate precipitation in the shallow subsurface: insights from microbially-formed authigenic carbonate beds in upper Miocene sediments of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin (NW Italy). Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimato Palaeoecol 329–330:158–172
Natalicchio M, Dela Pierre F, Clari P, Birgel D, Cavagna S, Martire L, Peckmann J (2012b) Hydrocarbon seepage during the Messinian salinity crisis in the Tertiary Piedmont Basin (NW, Italy). Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimato Palaeoecol 390:68–80
Natalicchio M, Dela Pierre F, Lugli S, Lowenstein TK, Feiner SJ, Ferrando S, Manzi V, Roveri M, Clari P (2014) Did Late Miocene (Messinian) gypsum precipitate from evaporated marine brines? Insight from the Piedmont Basin (Italy). Geology. doi:10.1130/G34986.1
Pena dos Reis R, Henriques MH (2009) Approaching an integrated qualification and evaluation system of the geological heritage. Geoheritage 1:1–10
Roveri M, Lugli S, Manzi V, Schreiber BC (2008) The Messinian salinity crisis: a sequence-stratigraphy approach. GeoActa, Special Publication 1:117–138
Ryan WBF (2009) Decoding the Messinian salinity crisis. Sedimentology 56:95–136
Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL (2007) Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University, Cambridge
Sturani C (1973) A fossil eel (Anguilla sp.) from the Messinian of Alba (Tertiary Piedmont Basin). Palaeoenvironmental and palaeogeographic implications. In: Messinian events in the Mediterranean: K Nederl Akad Wetensch, Amsterdam, 243–255.
Sturani C (1976) Messinian facies in the Piedmont basin. Mem Soc Geol It 16:11–25
Sturani C, Sampò M (1973) II Messiniano inferiore in facies diatomitica nel Bacino Terziario Piemontese. Mem Soc Geol It 12:335–338
Trenkwalder S, Violanti D, d’Atri A, Lozar F, Dela Pierre F, Irace A (2008) The Miocene/Pliocene boundary and the Early Pliocene micropaleontological record: new data from the Tertiary Piedmont Basin (Moncucco quarry, Torino Hill, Northwestern Italy). Boll Soc Paleont It 47(2):87–103
Van Loon AJ (2008) Geological education of the future. Earth Sci Rev 86:247–254
Violanti D, Trenkwalder S, Lozar F, Gallo LM (2009) Micropalaeontological analyses of the Narzole core: biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironment of the late Messinian and early Zanclean of Piedmont (Northwestern Italy). Boll Soc Paleont It 48(3):167–181
Violanti D, Bonci MC, Trenkwalder S, Lozar F, Beccaro P, Dela Pierre F, Bernardi E, Boano P (2011) Micropalaentological evidences of high productivity episodes in the Zanclean of Piedmont (Early Pliocene, Northwestern Italy). Boll Soc Paleont It 50(2):111–133
Violanti D, Lozar F, Dela Pierre F, Natalicchio M, Bernardi E, Clari P, Cavagna S (2013) Stress tolerant microfossils of a Messinian succession from the northern Mediterranean basin (Pollenzo section, Piedmont, Northwestern Italy). Boll Soc Paleont It 52(1):45–54
Acknowledgments
This research is part of the PROGEO-Piemonte Project funded by the University of Torino together with the Compagnia di San Paolo (project number ORTO11Y7HR). Giuseppe Mastronuzzi, Kevin Page and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for their constructive review of the paper. Tim K. Lowenstein is greatly acknowledged for the revision of the English text.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lozar, F., Clari, P., Dela Pierre, F. et al. Virtual Tour of Past Environmental and Climate Change: the Messinian Succession of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin (Italy). Geoheritage 7, 47–56 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-014-0098-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-014-0098-8