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Ixchelia, a new genus of Violaceae from Mexico and Mesoamerica

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Abstract

Ixchelia, a new genus of Violaceae, is described and illustrated, and new combinations are made for its two species, Ixchelia mexicana and Ixchelia uxpanapana, which are transferred from Hybanthus and Rinorea, respectively. In previous molecular phylogenetic studies, both Hybanthus and Rinorea have been shown to be polyphyletic, necessitating the erection of several genera for the constituent clades. Our recognition of Ixchelia as a distinct genus is based on morphological data and molecular phylogenetic evidence, both of which support its monophyly and its significant divergence from related genera. The new genus is most closely related to the Hawaiian endemic genus Isodendrion and the New World genus Pombalia, but it differs from them by having one to several flowers per inflorescence, a weakly zygomorphic corolla, the basal portion of the petals not fused, the stamen filaments fused into a tube, and the fruits containing three subspherical-ovoid seeds per capsule.

Resumen

Ixchelia, un nuevo género de Violaceae, se describe e ilustra, y nuevas combinaciones se hacen para sus dos especies, Ixchelia mexicana e Ixchelia uxpanapana, que son transferidos desde Hybanthus y Rinorea, respectivamente. Tanto Hybanthus y Rinorea han demostrado ser polifiléticos, lo que exige la descripción de varios géneros para los clados constituyentes. Nuestro reconocimiento de Ixchelia como un género distinto se basa en datos morfológicos y una evidencia filogenética molecular, los cuales apoyan su monofilia y su divergencia significativa de géneros afines. El nuevo género está más estrechamente relacionado con el género Isodendrion endémico de Hawai y el género Pombalia del Nuevo Mundo, pero se diferencia por las inflorescencias con una a varias flores, corolas débilmente zigomórficas, porción basal de pétalos no fusionada, filamentos estaminales fusionados en un tubo, y los frutos que contienen tres semillas subesférica-ovoides por cápsula.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the efforts of Tom Wendt (TEX) and an anonymous reviewer who provided many helpful comments that improved the quality of our manuscript. We also thank Fernando Chiang (MEXU) for revising the Spanish abstract. We indebted to the many curators and collections managers who have provided access to specimens needed for this study. We are grateful to Roger Lala Andriamiarisoa (Missouri Botanical Garden, Antananarivo, Madagascar) for the fine illustrations. We appreciate the help of Anthony Brach (GH) who consulted the Mexican and Central American collections of Hybanthus on our behalf.

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Correspondence to Gregory A. Wahlert.

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Wahlert, G.A., Ballard, H.E. & de Paula-Souza, J. Ixchelia, a new genus of Violaceae from Mexico and Mesoamerica. Brittonia 67, 273–283 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-015-9375-3

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