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Nomenclatural changes in Lithospermum (Boraginaceae) and related taxa following a reassessment of phylogenetic relationships

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Abstract

Lithospermum (Boraginaceae) comprises approximately 40 species in both the Old and New Worlds, with a center of diversity in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Using ten cpDNA regions, a phylogeny of Lithospermum and related taxa was reconstructed. Lithospermum (including New World and Old World species) and related New World members of Lithospermeae form a monophyletic group, with Macromeria, Onosmodium, Nomosa, Lasiarrhenum, and Psilolaemus nested among species of Lithospermum. New World Lithospermeae also is a monophyletic group, with Eurasian species of Lithospermum sister to this group. Because Lithospermum is not monophyletic without the inclusion of the other New World genera, species from these genera are transferred to Lithospermum, and appropriate nomenclatural changes are made. New combinations are Lithospermum album, Lithospermum barbigerum, Lithospermum dodrantale, Lithospermum exsertum, Lithospermum helleri, Lithospemum leonotis, Lithospermum notatum, Lithospermum oaxacanum, Lithospermum pinetorum, Lithospermum rosei, Lithospermum trinverium, and Lithospermum unicum; new names are Lithospermum chiapense, Lithospermum johnstonii, Lithospermum macromeria, Lithospermum onosmodium, Lithospermum rzedowskii, and Lithospermum turneri.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by grants from the American Society of Plant Taxonomists, the Harold Moore Jr. Funds, Cornell University’s chapter of Sigma Xi, the Cornell University Graduate School, and Cornell University’s Latin American Studies Program. Without Shannon C. K. Straub, María Hilda Flores Olvera, Helga Ochoterena, Socorro Gonzalez, Paty Ledesma Hernandez, Fernando Alzate, Lucía Vázquez, Janelle M. Burke, and Caroline D. Kellogg, it would have been much more difficult to locate and collect these plants. In addition, the National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Missouri Botanical Garden, and Cornell Plantations provided leaf material, and the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew supplied one DNA isolation. Thanks to Caroline D. Kellogg for her support and comments on this manuscript. James L. Reveal gave invaluable advice concerning the nomenclature of Lithospermum as well as helpful comments on the manuscript. James S. Miller’s specific comments and advice allowed this manuscript to be ready for submission in a timely manner. Shannon C. K. Straub gave helpful comments on an early draft, and thanks to Monica Geber, M. Alejandra Gandolfo, Michael Simpson, and Lawrence Kelly for their detailed reading and comments and corrections.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. L. H. Bailey Hortorium, Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, 412 Mann Library Building, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    James I. Cohen & Jerrold I. Davis

Authors
  1. James I. Cohen
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  2. Jerrold I. Davis
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Correspondence to James I. Cohen.

Appendices

Appendix 1. PCR amplification programs

Program for all regions except the rpl16 intron

  1. 1

    80° for 5 minutes

  2. 2

    94° for 30 seconds

  3. 3

    48–58° for 1 minute

  4. 4

    72° for 2 minutes

  5. 5

    repeat steps 2–4 35X

  6. 6

    72° for 10 minutes

  7. 7

    hold 4°

Program for the rpl16 intron

  1. 1

    80° for 5 minutes

  2. 2

    94° for 30 seconds

  3. 3

    59°– .5° per replication for 30 seconds

  4. 4

    65° for 2 minutes

  5. 5

    repeat steps 2–4 10X

  6. 6

    94° for 25 seconds

  7. 7

    54° for 25 seconds

  8. 8

    65° for 2 minutes

  9. 9

    hold 4°

Appendix 2. TNT analysis commands

rs 0; hold 10000; ratchet: iter 1000 upfactor 10 downfact 10; ratchet:; drift: iter 100; drift:; sectsch:; xmult:; tfuse: rounds 100; tfuse:; xmult: hits 10 ratchet 1000 drift 1000 css rss fuse 100; xmult:; mult 1; xmult; quit;

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Cohen, J.I., Davis, J.I. Nomenclatural changes in Lithospermum (Boraginaceae) and related taxa following a reassessment of phylogenetic relationships. Brittonia 61, 101–111 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-009-9082-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-009-9082-z

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