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Bacteriophages and its applications: an overview

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Abstract

Bacteriophages (or phages), the most abundant viral entity of the planet, are omni-present in all the ecosystems. On the basis of their unique characteristics and anti-bacterial property, phages are being freshly evaluated taxonomically. Phages replicate inside the host either by lytic or lysogenic mode after infecting and using the cellular machinery of a bacterium. Since their discovery by Twort and d’Herelle in the early 1900s, phage became an important agent for combating pathogenic bacteria in clinical treatments and its related research gained momentum. However, due to recent emergence of bacterial resistance on antibiotics, applications of phage (phage therapy) become an inevitable option of research. Phage particles become popular as a biotechnological tool and treatment of pathogenic bacteria in a range of applied areas. However, there are few concerns over the application of phage-based solutions. This review deals with the updated phage taxonomy (ICTV 2015 Release and subsequent revision) and phage biology and the recent development of its application in the areas of biotechnology, biosensor, therapeutic medicine, food preservation, aquaculture diseases, pollution remediation, and wastewater treatment and issues related with limitations of phage-based remedy.

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Acknowledgments

The authors sincerely acknowledge Professor Andrew M. Kropinski, Departments of Food Science, Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Canada and the chair of the Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee, for his kind suggestion and help related to bacteriophage taxonomy. Authors also acknowledge Director, Defense Research Laboratory for his kind support. Sincere thanks are also due to Mrs. Swagata Chatterjee for her contribution in making handmade figures. Further, sincere apology is being conveyed from the authors for the many colleagues whose works could not be referred to in this manuscript due to space limitations.

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  1. Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India

    Sonika Sharma, Soumya Chatterjee, Sibnarayan Datta, Rishika Prasad, Dharmendra Dubey, Rajesh Kumar Prasad & Mohan G Vairale

  2. School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA

    Rishika Prasad

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Sonika Sharma and Soumya Chatterjee contributed equally.

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Sharma, S., Chatterjee, S., Datta, S. et al. Bacteriophages and its applications: an overview. Folia Microbiol 62, 17–55 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-016-0471-x

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