Abstract
The effect of heat treatment process with a new cooling medium (nanofluid), which contains water with Cu, Ag, or Al2O3 particles, on the heat transfer characteristics and mechanical properties of an unsteady continuous moving cylinder in the presence of suction and external forces is studied. The governing time-dependent boundary-layer equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation. These equations are solved numerically. The velocity and temperature profiles of the boundary layer for different parameter values are plotted and discussed in detail. The effect of the cooling medium and the external forces on the mechanical properties of the cylinder is investigated. According to the obtained results, using nanofuid as a cooling medium improves the hardness and strength of the surface by 10% to 40%, and using Al2O3 as nanoparticle in water-based fluid is effective. Results also show that unsteady motion has a direct effect on the mechanical properties of the surface.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
B. C. Sakiadis, Boundary layer behavior on a continuous solid surface, AiChE, 7(26-28) (1961).
F. K. Thou, E. M.Sparrow and R. J. Goldstein, Flow and heat transfer in the boundary layer on a continuous moving surface, Int J Heat Mass Transfer, 10 (1967) 219–235.
L. J. Crane, Flow past a stretching plate, Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und physic, 21 (1970) 645–647.
A. Ishak and R. Nazar, Laminar boundary layer flow along a stretching cylinder, European Journal of Scientific Research, 36(1) (2009) 22–29.
N. Bachok and A. Ishak, Mixed convection boundary layer flow over a vertical cylinder with a prescribed surface heat flux, European Journal of Scientific Research, 36 (2009) 22–29.
N. J. S. Ahmed, I. A. Badruddin, Z. A. Zainal, H. M. T Khaleed and J. Kanesan, Heat transfer in a conical cylinder with a porous medium, International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer, 52 (2009) 3070–3078.
S. U. S. Choi, Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles, The proceedings of the 1995 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, San Francisco, USA. ASME, FED 231/MD, 66 (1995) 99–105.
X. Q. Wang and A. S. Mujumdar, Heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids, A review Int J Thermal Sci, 46 (2007) 1–19.
A. V. Kuznetsov and D. A. Nield, Natural convective boundary layer flow of a nanofluid past a vertical plate, Int J Thermal Sci, 49 (2010) 243–247.
N. Bachok, A. Ishak and I. Pop, Boundary layer flow of nanofluid over a moving surface in a flowing fluid, Int J Thermal Sci, 49 (2010) 1663–1668.
J. Buongiorno, Convective transport in nanofluids, ASME J Heat Transfer, 128 (2006) 240–250.
W. Daungthongsuk and S. A. Wongwises, Critical review of convective heattransfer nanofluids, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 11 (2007) 797–817.
V. Trisaksri and S. Wongwises, Critical review of heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 11 (2007) 512–523.
X. Q. Wang and A. S. Mujumdar, A review on nanofluids-part I: theoretical and numerical investigations, Braz J Chem Eng, 25 (2008) 613–630.
X. Q Wang and A. S. Mujumdar, A review on nanofluids-part II: experiments and applications, Braz J Chem Eng, 25 (2008) 631–648.
S. Kakaç and A. Pramuanjaroenkij, Review of convective heat transferenhancement with nanofluids, Int J Heat Mass Transfer, 52 (2009) 3187–3196.
E. Magyari and P. D. Weidman, Heat transfer on a plate are heath an external uniform shear flow, Int J Therm Sci, 45 (2006) 110–115.
E. Abu-Nada and H. F. Oztop, Effects of inclination angle on natural convection in enclosures filled with Cu-water nanofluid, Int J Heat Fluid Flow, 30 (2009) 669–678.
N. A Yacob, A. Ishak, R. Nazar and I. Pop, Boundary layer flow past a stretching/ shrinking surface beneath an external uniform shear flow with a convective surface boundary condition in a nanofluid, Nanoscale Research Letters, 6 (2011) 1–7.
S. R. Rama and C. Ali, Natural convective boundary layer flow over a horizontal plate embedded in a porous medium saturated with a nanofluid, Journal of Modern Physics, 2 (2011) 62–71.
A. Ishak, R. Nazar and I. Pop, Hydromagnetic flow and heat transfer adjacent to a stretching vertical sheet, Heat Mass Transfer, 44 (2008) 921–927.
M. Hamad, Analytical solution of natural convection flow of ananofluid over a linearly stretching sheet in the presence of magnetic field, International communications in heat and mass transfer, 38 (2011) 487–492.
F. M. Hady, F. S. Ibrahim, S. M. Abdel-Gaied and M. R. Eid, Influence of yield stress on free convective boundary layer flow of a non-Newtonian nanofluid past a vertical plate in a porous medium, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 25(8) (2011) 2043–2050.
G. A. Sheikhzadeh, M. Nikfar and A. Fattahi. Numerical study of natural convection and entropy generation of Cuwater nonofluid around an obstacle in a cavity, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 26(10) (2012) 3347–3356.
S. K Das, S. U. S Choi and T. Pradeep, Naonfluids, Science and Technology NJ: Wiley (2007).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Recommended by Associate Editor Donghyun You
Mohamed Sayed Abdel-wahed is currently working as an associate lecturer in the Mathematics and Physics Department, MTI-University, Cairo, Egypt. He has a B.Sc. in Civil Engineering, a M.Sc. in Applied Mathematics (2011), and an ongoing Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics (nanofluids applications).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Elbashbeshy, E.M.A., Emam, T.G. & Abdel-wahed, M.S. Effect of heat treatment process with a new cooling medium (nanofluid) on the mechanical properties of an unsteady continuous moving cylinder. J Mech Sci Technol 27, 3843–3850 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-013-0928-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-013-0928-7